Chapter 5 -Abnormal Psychology

Which of the following is an accurate statistic of sufferers of acute or posttraumatic stress disorder in North America?

20 percent attempt suicide

Which statement BEST describes the long-term effects of exposure to stress during childhood? Group of answer choices

Children who are repeatedly exposed to manageable stress tend to be more resilient as adults

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says, "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong, it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders?

She is more susceptible to a stress disorder.

The group of hormones that are referred to as "stress hormones" are:

corticosteroids

The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feelings that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical is MOST similar to

depersonalization

Jacquie developed PTSD after being held in captivity for years. She is upset by what she had to do to survive and perhaps even feels unworthy of surviving. This is an example of:

experiencing increase danger, anxiety, and guilt.

Trevor has posttraumatic stress disorder and reports symptoms of derealization. He is:

experiencing reduced responsiveness.

Which is NOT a treatment commonly used to treat dissociative amnesia?

flooding

After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from which type of amnesia?

localized amnesia

An example of torture through deprivation is:

not allowing the person to bathe

A flash flood hits a small Appalachian community. Those providing a critical incident stress debriefing intervention would:

provide short-term counseling services

What percentage of rape victims qualified for the diagnosis of acute stress disorder in Rothbaum et al.'s (1992) study?

94 percent

How do results from evoked potential studies support the idea of the existence of multiple personalities?

Different sub personalities have been found to show different brain wave patterns.

A friend says to you, "I know someone who is a combat veteran who was just diagnosed with PTSD. Do you think therapy will help this person?" Which is the BEST answer you can give based on current research?

Probably. About two-thirds of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement."

Which statement MOST accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?

The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system, which then excites body organs to release hormones, causing even more arousal.

Which BEST describes someone with depersonalization?

The person feels detached from his or her own body.

According to developmental psychopathologists, why do children tend to fare worse than adults when faced with an extreme stressor for the first time?

Their stress pathways and stress circuits are not yet fully developed

How concerned should we be about victims of sexual assault and terror? Is there a very great risk that they will experience PTSD?

Yes, the risk is great; more than one-third of sexual assault victims and about half of terror victims experience PTSD.

A person who witnessed a horrible car accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing:

acute stress disorder

What is the first step in treating people with dissociative identity disorder?

bond with the primary personality

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on the:

duration of anxiety symptoms

Which research finding supports the idea that individuals may inherit a predisposition to posttraumatic stress disorder?

elevated cortisol levels in babies born to women who were pregnant during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks

What is the term for when all the sub personalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another?

mutually cognizant pattern

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

parasympathetic nervous system

Caroline's plane crashed but she survived, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with Caroline occasionally. This situation probably contributed to Caroline's coping ability after the accident. Which of these relates as a factor in her response to stress?

presence of social support

A child in an extremely abusive family situation often seems to become deaf to the verbal abuse and insensitive to the physical abuse, as if the child simply wasn't there experiencing the abuse. One explanation for this behavior is:

self-hypnosis

Looking for rainbows while walking the dog in the rain is an example of a:

stress response

A client who has been talking calmly and rationally suddenly begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true dissociative identity disorder, the client just experienced:

switching

People with low incomes are _____ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of the stress disorders.

twice

At a workshop about dissociative identity disorder, a therapist says, "In my experience, once integration begins, the need for therapy is practically over; later dissociations just don't happen." This therapist's experience is:

very unusual; most successful therapies last well beyond the beginning of integration.