Chapter 5 Fundamentals of Nutrition

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. Go help relieve her constipation without taking medications. Betty should___________.

Increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes

Insulin

pancreatic amylase

Digests starch in the small intestine

This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dL.

120

Every morning Sarah stops at a convenience store to buy a 20 ounce bottle of regular soft drink to consume before and during her early classes. Around noon she drinks a sugar sweetened tea that she purchased from a vending machine on campus. After she read news about the possible negative health effects of added sugars, she became concerned about her consumption of sugar sweetened foods and beverages. She decided to follow the recommendations of the 2015-2020 dietary guidelines for Americans regarding added sugar intakes. Sarah usually consumes about 1800 kcal/day. Based on this information she should limit her added sugar intake to less than __________ kcal/day.

180

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Blindness

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate digestion is FALSE?

Carbohydrate digestion occurs at the fastest rate in the acidic environment of the stomach.

In a person with type II diabetes. The blood sugar level remains high after a meal because

Cells do not respond to insulin

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

Fructose

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

Galactose, glucose and fructose

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumed food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ______________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

Glucagon

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ____________

Glycogen

Insulin

Helps glucose enter cells

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal

Ketone bodies

Lactose is the disaccharide in

Milk

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

In a person with type 1 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because

No insulin is released

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

Raw carrots

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT _________

Reduced secretion if intrinsic factor

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble fiber

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolved or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

Sucralose

Macey would like to sweeten her t a with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners should she use?

Sucralose

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

Sucrose