Chapter 6: Skeletal System Bones and Bone Tissues
Secreted by the thyroid gland
Calcitonin
Secreted when blood calcium levels are too high
Calcitonin
Which hormone decreases osteoclast activity?
Calcitonin
A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a..?
Canaliculus
What are the effects of aging on the skeletal system?
Decreased bone matrix, and decreased collagen fibers
What is the basic unit of compact bone tissue
Haversian Systems or osteons
The concentric rings of bone produced are..?
Lamallae
What type of bone is a tibia? (not spongy vs. compact)
Long Bone
Causes RANKL to be produced
PTH
Secreted when blood calcium levels are too low
PTH
Stimulates an increase in the number of osteoclasts
PTH
secreted by the parathyroid glands
PTH
which hormone increases RANKL and decreases OPG
Parathyroid horomone (PTH)
What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?
Sharpey Fibers
what is Osteoporosis?
a disease in adults especially women characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix
What is rickets?
a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones
Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of...?
bone matrix
Ligaments attach ______ to _______
bone to bone
Are Canaliculi found in spongy bone, compact bone, or both?
both
Inhibits osteoclasts activity
calcitonin
The primary mineral in bone is..?
calcium
Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bone?
calcium
calcium homeostasis steps
calcium is lost in urine, PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine, PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast, calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts, and Vitamin D promotes calcium reabsorption.
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, ______, and ________ in the diet.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
compact bone
Which type of bone has concentric lamellae?
compact bone
Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is..?
endochondral
What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?
endosteum
What is the site of longitudinal growth (length) in long bones?
epiphyseal plate
The flat bones of the skull develop from what?
fibrous connective tissue
what are the spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified yet called?
fontanels
What type of fracture is generally found in children that is incomplete?
greenstick fracture
A bone fracture in which two bone sections do not separate is a what?
hairline fracture
What is the function of red bone marrow?
manufacturing blood cells
bone producing cells are...?
osteoblasts
what happens when blood calcium levels are low?
osteoclast activity increases
Which type of bone cells have ruffled borders and secrete acids?
osteoclasts
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone one it has been formed is the..?
osteocyte
Which type of bone lie in lacunae?
osteocytes
The combination of all the concentric rings of bone built around a single blood vessel is called an
osteon
A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the
perichondrium
What covers the outer surface of bone?
periosteum
Important functions of the skeletal system include
protection of the brain and soft organs
Which hormone triggers the growth spurt seen during puberty?
sex horomones
In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?
spongy bone
Which type of bone appears porous?
spongy bone
Which type of bone tissue contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae?
spongy bone tissue
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
storing adipose tissue
Functions of bone..? (4)
support, movement, calcium storage, and blood cell formation
a band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
tendon
What are the interconnecting rods of bone?
trabeculae
List the zones of the epiphsyeal plate from most superior to inferior?
zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification, and bone of diaphysis
Bones may remodel because... (4)
as bones grow, as bones adjust to stress, as fractures heal, and constantly during a person's lifetime
