Chapter 8 - Plan Quality Management

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) -Audits

An audit is structured, independent process used to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, process, and procedures.

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Data Representation

Affinity Diagrams Cause-and-effect diagram Flowcharts Histograms Matrix Diagrams Scatter Diagrams

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Inspection)

An inspection is the examination of a work product to determine if it conforms to documented standards. The results of inspections generally include measurements and may be conducted at any level.

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Meetings)

Approved change requests review Retrospectives/lesson learned

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Data Gathering)

Benchmarking Brainstorming Interviewing

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Data Analysis)

Cost-benefit analysis Cost of quality

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Design for X

Design for X (DfX) is a set of technical guidelines that may be applied during the design of a product for the optimization of a specific aspect of the design.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (E.E.F.)

Governmental agency regulations Rules, standards, and guidelines specific to the application area. Geographic distribution Organizational structure Marketplace conditions Working or operating conditions of the project or its deliverables; and Cultural perceptions.

Control Quality: Outputs (Change Requests)

If changes occur during the Control Quality process that may impact any of the components of the project management plan or project documents, the project manager should submit a change request.

Control Quality: Outputs (Project Documents Updates)

Issue Log Lessons LEarned Register Risk Register Test and evaluation documents.

Manage Quality: Outputs - Project Documents UPdtes

Issue Log Lessons Learned Register Risk Register

Manage Quality: Inputs (Project Documents)

Lessons Learned Register Quality Control Measurements Quality Metrics Risk Report

Control Quality: Inputs (Project Documents)

Lessons Learned Register Quality metrics Test and evaluation documents

Plan Quality Management - Outputs (Project Documents Updates)

Lessons learned register Requirements traceability matrix Risk Register Stakeholder register

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Decision Making

Multicriteria Decision

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (O.P.A.)

Organizational quality management system including policies, procedures, and guidelines Quality templates such as check sheets, traceability matrix, and others and Historical databases and lessons learned repository.

Manage Quality: Inputs (O.P.A.)

Organizational quality management system that includes policies, procedures, and guidelines. Quality templates such as check sheets, traceability matrix, test plans, test documents, and others Results from previous audits and Lessons learned repository with information from similar projects.

Control Quality: Outputs (Quality Control Measurements)

Quality Control Measurements are the documented results of Control Quality activities. They should be captured in the format that was specified in the quality management plan.

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Data Analysis)

Performance reviews Root cause analysis (RCA)

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Problem Solving

Problem solving entails finding solutions for issues or challenges. Defining the problem Identifying the root-cause Generating possible solutions Choosing the best solution Implementing the solution and verifying solution effectiveness.

Control Quality: Inputs (Project Management Plan)

Project Management Plan components include but are limited to plan management plan. The quality management plan defines how quality control will be performed within the project.

Control Quality: Inputs (E.E.F.)

Project management information system; quality management software can be used to track errors and variations in processes or deliverables. Governmental agency regulations and Rules, standards, and guidelines specific to the application area.

Plan Quality Management - Tools and Techniques (Expert Judgment)

Quality assurance Quality control Quality measurements Quality improvements and Quality systems.

Control Quality: Inputs (O.P.A.)

Quality standards and policies Quality templates, for example, check sheets, checklists, etc. and; Issue and defect reporting procedures and communication policies.

Plan Quality Management - Outputs (Project Management Plan Updates)

Risk management plan Scope baseline

Manage Quality: Outputs - Test and Evaluation Documetns

Test and evaluation documents can be created based on industry needs and the organization's templates.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Project Charter)

The project charter provides the high-level project description and product characteristics. It also contains the project approval requirements, measurable project objectives, and related success criteria that will influence the quality management of the project.

Plan Quality Management - Outputs (Quality Management Plan)

The quality management plan is a component of the project management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives. It describes the activities and resources necessary for the project management team to achieve the quality objectives set for the project. The quality management plan may be formal or informal, detailed, or broadly framed.

Control Quality: Inputs (Work Performance Data)

Work performance data contains data on product status such as observations, quality metrics, and measurements for technical peformance, as well as project quality information on schedule performance and cost performance.

Control Quality: Outputs (Work Performance Information)

Work performance information includes information on project requirements fulfillment, causes for rejections, rework required, recommendations for corrective actions, list of verified deliverables, status of the quality metrics, and the need for process adjustments.

Manage Quality (Tools and Techniques) - Data Gathering

A data gathering technique that can be used for this process includes but is not limited to checklists. A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been peformed or to check if a list of requirements has been satisfied.

Control Quality: Inputs (Deliverables)

A deliverable is any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.

Control Quality: Outputs (Verified Deliverables)

A goal of the Control Quality process is to determine the correctness of deliverables. The results of performing the Control Quality process are verified deliverables that become an input to the Validate Scope process for formalized acceptance.

Plan Quality Management - Outputs (Quality Metrics)

A quality metric specifically describes a project or product attribute and how the Control Quality process will verify compliance to it. Some examples of quality metrics include percentage of tasks, completed on time, cost performance measured by CPI, failure rate, number of defects identified per day, total downtime per month, errors found per line of code, customer satisfaction scores, and percentage of requirements covered by the test plan as a measure of test coverage.

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Data Analysis

Alternative Analysis Document Analysis Process Analysis Root cause analysis

Control Quality: Outputs (Project Management Plan Updates)

Any change to the project management plan goes through the organization's change control process via a change request. Components that may require a change request for the project management plan include but are not limited to the quality management plan.

Control Quality: Inputs (Approved Change Requests)

As part of the Perform Integrated Change Control process, a change log update indicates that some changes are approved and some are not. Approved change request may include modifications such as defect repairs, revised work methods, and revised schedules.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Project Documents)

Assumption Log Requirements documentation Requirements traceability matrix Risk Register Stakeholder register

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Data Representation)

Cause-and_effect diagrams Control Charts Histograms Scatter diagrams

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Data Gathering)

Checklists Check Sheets Statistical sampling Questionnaires and Surveys.

Control Quality

Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities in order to assess performance and ensure the projects outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations. The key benefit of this process is verifying that project deliverables and work meet the requirements specified by key stakeholders for final acceptance. The Control Quality process determines if the project outputs do what they were intended to do. Those outputs need to comply with all applicable standards, requirements, regulations, and specifications. This process is performed throughout the project. The Control Quality process is performed to measure the completeness, compliance, and fitness for use of a product or service prior to user acceptance and final delivery. Quality control should be performed throughout the project to formally demonstrate, with reliable data, that the sponsor's and/or customer's acceptance criteria have been met.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Test and Inspection Planning)

During the planning phase, the project manager and the project team determine how to test or inspect the product deliverable, or service to meet the stakeholder's needs and expectations, as well as how to meet the goal for the product's performance and reliability. The tests and inspections are industry dependent and can include, for example alpha and beta tests in software projects, strength tests in construction projects, inspection in manufacturing, and field tests and nondestrctive tests in engineering.

Manage Quality: Outputs - Change Requests

If changes occur during the Manage Quality process that impact any of the components of the project management plan, project documents, or project or product management processes, the project manager should submit a change request and follow the Perform Integrated Change Control process.

Manage Quality

Manage Quality is the process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organization's quality policies into the project. The key benefits of this process are that is increases the probability of meeting the quality objectives as well as identifying ineffective processes and causes of poor quality. Manage Quality use the data and results from the control quality process to reflect the overall quality status of the project to the stakeholders. Manage Quality is sometimes called quality assurance. Quality assurance is about using project processes effectively. It involves following and meeting standards to assure stakeholders that the final product will meet their needs, expectations, and requirements. Manage Quality includes all the quality assurance activities, and is also concerned with the product design aspects and process improvements.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Decision Making)

Mulitcriteria decision analysis tools can be used to identify the key issues and suitable alternatives to be prioritized as a set of decisions for implementation. Criteria are prioritized and weighted before being applied to all available alternatives to obtain a mathematical score for each alternative. The alternatives are ranked by score. As used in this process, it can help prioritize quality metrics. Flowcharts Logical Data Model Matrix Diagrams Mind Mapping

Plan Quality Management

Plan Quality Management is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards. The key benefit of this process is that it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and verified throughout the project. This process is performed once or at predefined points in the project. Quality planning should be performed in parallel with the other planning processes. For example, changes proposed in the deliverables in order to meet identified quality standards may require cost or schedule adjustments and a detailed risk analysis of the impact to plans.

Manage Quality: Inputs (Project Management Plan)

Project management plan components include but are not limited to the quality management plan. The quality management plan defines the acceptable level of project and product quality and describes how to ensure this level of quality in its deliverables and processes. The quality management plan also describes what to do with nonconforming products and what corrective action to implement.

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Meetings)

Project teams mayhold planning meetings to develop the quality management plan. Attendees can include the project manager, the project sponsor, selected project team members, selected stakeholders, anyone with responsibility for project quality management activities, and others as needed.

Manage Quality: (Tools and Techniques) - Quality Improvement Methods

Quality Improvements can occur based on findings and recommendations from quality control processes, the findings of the quality audits or problem solving in the Manage Quality process. Plan do check act and Six Sigma are two of the most common quality improvement tools used to analyze and evaluate opportunities for improvement.

Manage Quality: Outputs - Project Managment Updates

Quality Management Plan Scope baseline Schedule baseline Cost baseline

Plan Quality Management - Inputs (Project Management Plan)

Requirements management plan - Provides the approach for identifying, analyzing, and managing the requirements that the quality management plan and quality metrics will reference. Risk management plan - Provides the approach for identifying, analyzing, and monitoring risks. The information in the risk management plan and quality management plan work together to successfully deliver product and project success. Stakeholder engagement plan - The stakeholder engagement plan provides the method for documenting the stakeholder's needs and expectations that provide the foundation for quality management. Scope baseline - The WBS along with the deliverables documented in the project scope statement are considered while determining which quality standards and objectives are suitable for the project, and which project deliverables and processes will be subjected to quality review.

Control Quality: Tools and Techniques (Testing/Product Evaluations)

Testing is an organized and constructed investigation conducted to provide objective information about the quality of the product or service under test in accordance with the project requirements. The intent of testing is to find errors, defects, bugs, or other nonconformance problems in the product or service.

Manage Quality: Outputs - Quality Reports

The quality reports can be graphical, numerical, or qualitative. The information provided can be used by other processes and departments to take corrective actions in order to achieve the project quality expectations.