Chapters 1 - 4

The prescribed drug is a beta blocker. A beta blocker is associated with which of the following terms? (1) The pharmacist can legally change the dose, frequency, and strength of Mrs. Black's medication. (2) What allows the pharmacist to fill Betty's prescription with a generic drug instead of a more expensive brand name drug? (3) A generic drug is exactly the same as a brand name drug, making it just as effective to treat her condition. (4) Which act requires a customer to sign that he or she is deferring the right to consultation? (5)

(1) classification (2) false (3) generic substitution laws (4) true (5) omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1990

The inhalation form that requires the patient to breathe in forcefully is a(an)

DPI

What is the reasoning behind obtaining a family history during a patient interview?

To better understand what diseases a patient may be at risk of developing

Potentiation is the action in which one drug prolongs or multiplies the effect of another drug.

true

The most commonly used insulin syringe is the U-100.

true

The specific immune response is a selective immune response that kills pathogens by marking them for the body to target.

true

Wounds heal faster if the area is kept immobile during the healing process.

true

Match the vital signs that should be obtained with "yes" or "no".

weakness, diarrhea, confusion, vomiting = no respiratory rate = yes

Coming into contact with a contaminated surface, touching a portal of entry, and then contracting the disease is known as:

indirect contact

____________ immunity depends on the individual's gender or race

genetic

What is the name of the calcifications seen on a patient's CXR?

granuloma

Which type of infection is caused during a patient's treatment at a medical facility?

healthcare-associated infection

The intended use of a drug is referred to as its:

indication

The name of the procedure performed to remove debris is called (1) Which drug classification did the physician recommend to prevent infection? (2) The large wounds covered in debris on the right forearm is an example of a (an) (3)

(1) debridement (2) antibiotics (3) secondary union

Syringes can be used more than once in the home setting. (1) What drug category would the physician prescribe to treat Helen's bacterial infection? (2)

(1) false (2) antibiotics

A 47-year-old, married, male named Rick Harrison presents to the ED at 2223 hours. He is an engineer for a large firm in the United States. He stated that he recently came back from a business trip in Central Asia where he had been working on a new water infrastructure project. He states that he worked mainly outdoors, supervising project sites. Rick also says he felt fine for most of the trip, but shortly, before leaving to travel home, he felt a little sick. Upon further questioning, the patient states that he decided to come to the ED because, over the past few days, he had a persistent headache that had become unbearable; and his wife stated that he had become slightly confused and disoriented that evening. Another issue Rick has is nausea, to the point where he has been vomiting, which further exacerbates his headaches. The patient, when asked, states that he has been more tired than usual, and has been experiencing diarrhea. The patient's vital signs are stable, yet elevated, at this time with normal oxygen saturation. The physician discovered that the patient also has neck swelling and stiffness. The doctor orders a series of tests, one of which is to check the level of cells in the patient's body, and another is an MRI. Which of the following is a vital sign that would be helpful? (1) What is Mr. Harrison's chief complaint? (2) Mr. Harrison's' vomiting has exacerbated his headaches. Define exacerbating. (3) Which diagnostic image would be more suitable to help determine the cause of Rick's headaches? (4)

(1) palpation, pupil dilation, auscultation = no temperature, blood pressure, knee jerk reflex = yes (2) severe headaches and confusion (3) makes the headaches worse (4) MRI

A 16-year-old high school student presents himself to an outpatient medical clinic. The patient is athletic and not obese. The young man is complaining about an itch that will not go away. The site of irritation is a tender red bump in the shape of a circle; the skin appears scaly and looks like rings. He did not have the rash until he participated in a wrestling tournament at another high school a few days ago. The name of this skin irritation is (1) What is the cause of the type of infection that causes ringworm? (2) A drug is needed to treat this ringworm infection. Which class of drugs will that drug belong to? (3) Because of the contagious nature of this infection, what type of protection should be used before the affected site is touched? (4)

(1) ringworm (2) fungus (3) antifungal (4) gloves

Since the patient has a swollen, stiff neck and severe headaches, the ER physician schedules an MRI, so that a very detailed image can be obtained. The MRI reveals inflammation of the brain. The doctor then orders a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to examine the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord to see if any antibodies are present. Antibodies are special proteins that develop in the blood to fight off foreign bodies such as bacteria and viruses that enter the bloodstream. When the spinal tap results come back from the lab it shows that the patient has meningitis, and West Nile Virus. West Nile Virus is transmitted to humans via mosquitos, and is found in certain areas of the world. Currently in the United States, the West Nile Virus is an endemic, but at one time it was an epidemic. The incubation period for the virus, once it enters the body, can vary from 2 to 14 days; however, it is typically 2 to 6 days. Although, there is currently no treatment for West Nile Virus the patient was treated with IV fluids and pain killers (analgesics) and other supportive care. Rick was lucky to survive with no after effects, most do not encounter neurologic effects. Only 1 percent of all cases will become severe enough to have neurological involvement, and 10 percent of those patients with severe cases will die. It can take months to fully recover, and even then, some patients may suffer from permanent effects. What would it mean, if the West Nile Virus were an endemic? (1) What role does the mosquito play in West Nile Virus? (2) What best describes a mechanical vector? (3) The death rate of West Nile Virus is also known as: (4) If the West Nile Virus were to spread throughout entire continents, it would be called a (an): (5) What is an incubation period? (6)

(1) the virus remained in a certain region and affected a certain population (2) it is a biological vector (3) A mechanical vector has a microorganism located on the outside of its body. (4) mortality rate (5) pandemic (6) The pathogen multiples to pathogenic levels causing symptoms to occur within the host.

What is the appropriate suffix indicating inflammation?

-itis

The percentage of bone density that is lost every year between the ages 55 to 75 is

1%

What is the difference between transudative and exudative fluid?

Exudate consists of cellular debris.

The street drug Ecstasy is rated at what controlled substance schedule?

I

A(an) ______________________ injection is only given at a 90-degree angle to the patient's skin surface.

IM

Match the drug form to the correct abbreviation.

IV = intravenous Gtt = drop TOP = topical Subcu = subcutaenous

The form of IV that is used to mix a medication with a large fluid volume that is given continuously through a vein is an

IV infusion

The form of intravenous administration that is used to administer a bolus into the IV line is an

IV push

Match the definition to the correct term.

OTC drug = drug sold without need for prescription chemical name = molecular formula of a drug trade name = drug name registered by a company orphan drug = drug to treat a disease affecting a small number of people legend drug = prescription drug deemed unsafe for over-the-counter purchase

What would be a sure way to identify the medication using a drug reference with pictures of drugs?

PDR

Match the abbreviation with the correct term associated with the enteral route.

PO = oral PR = rectally NPO = nothing by mouth NG = nasogastric tube

What is the name of the procedure performed to insert a feeding tube into a patient?

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Which statement is incorrect regarding the safe handling of controlled substances?

Store prescription pads in an easily accessible area of the nursing station or exam room.

Which option is not a phase in the investigational new drug process?

The drug is given to a small group at one facility.

Match the definition with the correct term.

a tumor known to have encapsulated cellular growth = benign cells that are malignant and grow out of control = cancer gaining extra weight that puts stress on the body's joints and organs = obesity an invasive, cancerous tumor that can metastasize is known as = malignant

Which pharmacokinetic stage primarily determines how fast a drug works?

absorption

Helminths are treated with which drug category?

antihelminitics

Celiac disease and eczema are examples of:

autoimmunity

Which of the following selections is a vital sign?

body mass index, height, patient alertness, appearance, weight = no pulse = yes

The term used to describe the outer covering of a virus is known as a (an)

capsid

The three Principles of Administration are _______________, organization, and preparation area.

cleanliness

Match the description to the correct term.

collected to measure blood components = CBC explains the steps in patient care = patient care plan tested by pricking a finger = blood glucose calcium and sodium = electrolytes used to examine the concentration of urine = urine analysis

The physician orders further testing and one of the tests is to check the cell levels in the patient's blood. What is this blood test called?

complete blood count

Match the definition to the correct term.

controlled substance = commonly abused drugs that require special controls on use drug classification = group of drugs that affect the body in the same way actions = description of the physiological changes that result from taking a drug cautions = condition and patient characteristics that require special attention when taking a drug

Match the definition to the correct term.

decreased response to a drug after repeated doses = tolerance unexpected and unusual drug response = idiosyncratic response severe, possibly fatal response to a drug = anaphylactic reaction causes physical defects in a fetus when taken during pregnancy = teratogenic acquired psychological or physical need for a drug = dependence

transdermal or _______________ patches are used to administer a drug through the skin

dermal

When a pathogen comes into physical contact with another person it is known as ______________

direct contact

Match the term to the correct definition.

disease = deviation from a homeostasis state etiology = cause of disease idiopathic = unknown cause pathogenic = pertaining to organisms that produce disease pathogen = organism causing disease within the host prognosis = expected outcome

Which stage of pharmacokinetics is most affected by poor circulation?

distribution

Match the effect to the most likely condition.

distribution becomes less efficient = poor circulation excretion slows or stops = kidney failure absorption speeds up = empty stomach metabolism slows or stops = liver disease

Match the definition to the correct term.

drugs or foods that should not be given while taking a drug = interactions possible effects of a drug other than those intended = side effect conditions for which a drug should not be used = contraindications conditions or diseases a drug is meant to treat = indications

An _______________________ is a liquid drug preparation that contains fats and oils in water.

emulsion

Match the information to where in the patient's chart you would find that information.

engineer = occupational history marital status, travel = social history chief complaint = history of present illness

Kidney failure would affect which pharmacokinetic process?

excretion

The Breathalyzer exam works primarily because of which phase of pharmacokinetics?

excretion

A medication error occurs only when harm was caused to the patient because medication was mishandled.

false

A patient arrives at the Emergency Department after being accidently cut by his chainsaw while downing a tree. The saw cut through his jeans and shredded through his calf muscle. The edges of the wound are ragged. This wound is an example of a secondary intention and should heal quickly.

false

A tuberculin syringe is used to administer insulin because of its ability to deliver small quantities.

false

Excess dosage of minerals and vitamins do not pose any health risks.

false

It is 17:23 on a Sunday. A young man comes into the Emergency Department from an apparent motorcycle vs. car accident. The patient has multiple abrasions and contusions on his body. You notice the large wound on his right forearm has gravel, dirt, and other debris throughout. This patient's forearm wound is an example of a primary intention.

false

Signs and symptoms occur during the inoculation period.

false

Steroids help shorten a wound's healing time.

false

Supplements derived from plants will not interact adversely with any medications, because they are from a natural substance.

false

The chain of infection cannot be stopped once the steps of the process begin.

false

The larger the wound, the faster it will heal.

false

The portal of exit is the second link in the chain of infection.

false

There are four investigational phases new drugs must complete for the drug to be deemed safe

false

When a person develops an infection because of another illness, it is known as a primary infection.

false

When a scar is not strong enough to hold the edges of a wound closed, it is known as a keloid.

false

the ______________________ reviews and approves new drugs, foods, and cosmetics for market release, and removes existing products from the market.

fda

During a physical exam, how can a physician check a patient's neck for inflammation?

inspection

The ______________ syringe is used to administer insulin to patients.

insulin

Match the risk factor with the group category

lack of exercise = lifestyle stress = lifestyle if a male is at greater risk than a female = gender exposure to pollen = environment elderly person in flu season = age family history of high blood pressure = heredity

the term _________________ effect is used to describe when a drug affects only a certain area of the body.

local

The process by which an attending physician checks the patient's current list of medications against a newly ordered list of medications to determine any errors or discrepancies is known as:

medication reconciliation

A drug accumulates to toxic levels because the body did not break it down effectively. This is an indication that which pharmacokinetic phase is not working properly?

metabolism

Match the term to the correct definition.

metastasize = used to describe the spread of a disease, such as cancer acute = rapid onset mortality rate = deaths caused by a disease in a certain population over a certain amount of time chronic = long term morbidity rate = rapid onset exacerbation = flare up

Which is the type of tissue cell that continues to divide throughout our lifespan and repairs any damaged cells that occur?

mitotic cells

__________________ is a legal term meaning "First, do no harm."

nonmaleficence

a blood pressure is what type of measurement/sign/symptom?

objective measurement and vital sign

Touching a patient in an effort to evaluate chest abnormalities, tenderness, and tone of respiratory muscles is:

palpation

A drug reaction that causes an opposite effect than what is expected is a (an)

paradoxical reaction

______________ immunity is achieved by vaccinations

passive aqcuired

_______________________is (are) the actions of a drug within the body.

pharmacodynamics

___________________ is the movement of a drug through the body.

pharmacokinetics

If a pill is to be given through a nasogastric tube, a __________________________ is used to turn the tablet into powder.

pill crusher

part of a syringe, the _________________ can be pulled back to withdraw a substance or be pushed forward to administer a medication.

plunger

Which microorganism can be spread by a mosquito bite or by consuming contaminated water?

protozoa

The type of exudate that contains pus is

purulent

The legal term for practicing within your scope of practice and not answering questions or performing procedures that is not within your license to practice is called

role fidelity

Store prescription pads in an easily accessible area of the nursing station or exam room.

schedule I: High abuse potential; not available for medical use in the United States; examples: ecstasy, heroin, LSD Schedule II: High potential for abuse and severe dependency; available by written prescription only; examples: cocaine, morphine, OxyContin Schedule III: Potential for limited dependency; only physician can write, fax, or phone in prescription; examples: anabolic steroids, hydrocodone with aspirin Schedule IV Low abuse potential; health care practitioner can write, fax, or phone in prescription, but it must be signed by the physician; examples: Ambien, Valium, Xanax Schedule V: Low abuse potential; primarily includes preparations for cough suppressants and diarrhea; examples: Cheratussin AC, Lomotil, promethazine with codeine

Which type of wound is large, has crudely torn edges, and is covered in debris, all of which cause the wound to take longer to heal.

secondary union

What is the type of exudate consisting of a small amount of protein that is clear in coloration and reabsorbed by the body when the healing process has begun?

serous

Drinking, smoking and marital status all belong to which patient history?

social medical history

If a patient is having difficulty coordinating the timing between actuation of the MDI and inhaling the aerosolized drug a(an) __________________________ should be added

spacer

At what step of the healing process are the edges of the wound sealed together again by the redevelopment of new capillaries?

step 2

Which is the best description of an epidemic?

sudden spread of illness

A drug form that must be shaken before use to mix up the drug that has settled at the bottom of the container is called a(an)

suspension

________________ capsules are taken to deliver a dose over an extended period of time.

sustained-release

a patient holding his chest: sign or symptom?

symptom

A ________________ effect describes when a drug affects the entire

systemic

Match the abbreviations with the correct oral drug form.

tab = tablet supp = suppository susp = suspension cap = capsule elix = elixer troche = lozenge

This oral drug form has score marks on it that can be used to split the drug in half.

tablet

Match the description to the appropriate process.

the drug spreads to the tissues = distribution the liver breaks down the drug into water-soluble components = metabolism the drug passes into the bloodstream = absorption the drug leaves the body through urine, feces, exhalation, or perspiration = excretion

A mosquito is an example of a biological vector.

true

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections.

true

Any consumable item that can harbor and spread disease is considered a common vehicle route.

true

For the healing process to occur, the injured site must have adequate circulation.

true

Match the description to the correct personal protection equipment.

used to protect the practitioner from airborne transmission = respirator used to protect clothing from splashes = gowns done before and after each patient = handwashing used to protect the mouth from body fluids = mask an item that should always be worn when touching body fluids = gloves

Match the description to the correct term.

used to record and monitor heart rhythm = EKG teaching the patient and their family members = patient education concept of treating mind, body, and spirit = holistic medicine a sputum sample is grown to identify the type of bacteria = C&S