Chemistry 110: Chapter 2 Creating Chemical Formulas/Naming Compounds

Hydrogen Sulfate or Bisulfate

-(HSO4 -) -Anion

Mercury(I) or Mercurous

-(Hg2 2+) -Cation

Mercury(II) or Mercuric

-(Hg2+) -Cation

Iodide

-(I-) -Anion

Potassium

-(K+) -Cation

Lithium

-(Li+) -Cation

Magnesium

-(Mg2+) -Cation

Manganese(II) or Manganous

-(Mn2+) -Cation

Permanganate

-(MnO4 -) -Anion

Nitride

-(N3-) -Anion

Ammonium

-(NH4+) -Cation

Nitrite

-(NO2 -) -Anion

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Hexa-

-6

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Hepta-

-7

C4H10

-Butane

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

-The first element named is the metal cation (positive ion) followed by the nonmetallic anion (negative ion) -The anion is named by taking the first part of the element name and adding "-ide." (ie: "chlorine" becomes "chloride")

Ionic Compound Formulas

-Usually the same as their empirical formulas because they do not consist of discrete molecular units -Compounds must be electrically neutral -If charges of cation and anion are different, the subscript of the cation is numerically equal to the charge on the anion, and the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation (ie: Al3+ and O2- would be Al2O3)

Aluminum

-(Al3+) -Cation

Barium

-(Ba2+) -Cation

Bromide

-(Br-) -Anion

Cyanide

-(CN-) -Anion

Carbonate

-(CO3 2-) -Anion

Calcium

-(Ca2+) -Cation

Cadmium

-(Cd2+) -Cation

Naming Acids With Oxygen

-

Silver

-(Ag+) -Cation

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Di-

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Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Tri-

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Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Tetra-

-4

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Penta-

-5

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Octa-

-8

Naming Oxoanions: "-ous" to "-ite"

-When all "H" ions are removed from the "-ous" acid (ie: HCLO2→ClO2 changes "chlorous acid" to "chlorite")

Naming Oxoanions: "-ic" to "-ate"

-When all the "H" ions are removed from the "-ic" acid (ie: H2CO3→CO3 changes "carbonic acid" to "carbonate")

Molecular Compounds

-Compounds containing discrete molecular units -Usually composed of nonmetallic elements

Binary Ionic Compounds

-Compounds formed from 2 elements

Ionic Compounds

-Compounds made up of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions)

Hydrates

-Compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them

Chloride

-(Cl-) -Anion

Chlorate

-(ClO3 -) -Anion

Cobalt(II) or Cobaltous

-(Co2+) -Cation

Dichromate

-(Cr2O7 2-) -Anion

Chromium(III) or Chromic

-(Cr3+) -Cation

Chromate

-(CrO4 2-) -Anion

Cesium

-(Cs+) -Cation

Copper(I) or Cuprous

-(Cu+) -Cation

Copper(II) or Cupric

-(Cu2+) -Cation

Fluoride

-(F-) -Anion

Iron(II) or Ferrous

-(Fe2+) -Cation

Iron(III) or Ferric

-(Fe3+) -Cation

Hydrogen

-(H+) -Cation

Hydride

-(H-) -Anion

Dihydrogen Phosphate

-(H2PO4 -) -Anion

Hydrogen Carbonate or Bicarbonate

-(HCO3 -) -Anion

Hydrogen Phosphate

-(HPO4 2-) -Anion

Nitrate

-(NO3 -) -Anion

Sodium

-(Na+) -Cation

Peroxide

-(O2 2-) -Anion

Oxide

-(O2-) -Anion

Hydroxide

-(OH-) -Anion

Phosphate

-(PO4 3-) -Anion

Lead(II) or Plumbous

-(Pb2+) -Cation

Rubidium

-(Rb+) -Cation

Sulfide

-(S2-) -Anion

Thiocyanate

-(SCN-) -Anion

Sulfite

-(SO3 2-) -Anion

Sulfate

-(SO4 2-) -Anion

Strontium

-(Sr2+) -Cation

Zinc

-(Zn2+) -Cation

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Mono-

-1

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Deca-

-10

Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds: Nona-

-9

Alkanes

-A class of hydrocarbons

Base

-A substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

Oxoacids

-Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (the central element). -Formulas are usually written with the "H" first, followed by the central element and then the "O" -Often have same central atom but different numbers of "O" atoms

Naming Oxoacids: "-ic" to "per-.....-ic"

-Addition of one "O" to the "-ic" acid (ie: HClO3→HCLO4 changes "chloric acid" to "perchloric acid")

Hydrocarbons

-Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Ternary Compounds

-Compounds consisting of three elements

C10H22

-Decane

C2H6

-Ethane

Naming Acids Without Oxygen

-Formulas contain one or more hydrogen atom as well as an anionic group -Anions whose names end in "-ide" will have a "hydro-" prefix and "-ic" ending (ie: F- (fluoride) becomes HF "hydrofluoric acid")

C7H16

-Heptane

C6H14

-Hexane

CH4

-Methane

C9H20

-Nonane

C8H18

-Octane

C5H12

-Pentane

Naming Molecular Compounds

-Place the name of the first element in the formula first -Add "-ide" to the root of the second element name (ie: HCl=Hydrogen Chloride not Hydrogen Chlorine) -In cases where one pair of elements have several different compounds use greek prefixes (ie: CO: Carbon Monoxide, CO2: Carbon Dioxide etc) -Exceptions to use of greek prefixes ion compounds containing hydrogen, which are typically called by their nonsystematic names (CH4: Methane, H20: water etc)

C3H8

-Propane

Naming Oxoacids: "-ic" to "-ous"

-Removal of one "O" from an "-ic" acid (ie: HNO3→HNO2 changes "nitric acid" to "nitrous acid")

Naming Oxoacids: "-ic" to "hypo-.....-ous"

-Removal of two "O" atoms from an "-ic" acid (ie: HBrO3→HBrO changes "bromic acid" to "hypobromous acid"

Molecular Formula

-Shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance (ie: water=H20, Hydrogen=H2 etc)

Empirical Formula

-Tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole-number ratio of their atoms (but not necessarily the actual number of atoms in a given molecule)

Tin(II) or Stannous

Sn2+ -Cation