Ciencias sections 3 & 4: compound names and formulas
Mono-
1
Deca-
10
Di-
2
Tri-
3
Tetra-
4
Penta-
5
Hexa-
6
Hepta-
7
Octa-
8
Nona-
9
Molecular formula
A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of atoms
Organic compounds
A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates
Negative
All nonmetals are always
Di-carbon trioxide
C2O3
Calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
CaCl2 AlCl3 K2O Rb2S BeCl Sr2O AlF3
Calcium chlorides Aluminum chloride Potassium oxide Rubidium sulphide Beryllium chloride Strontium oxide Aluminum fluoride
Alkenes
Can be recognized by their double carbon to carbon bonds
Four
Carbon atoms form___covalent bonds in organic compounds
Don't reduce
Covenant bond subscripts
Atoms of each element are in the molecule
For covenant compounds of two elements, numerical prefixes tell how many
Alkanes
Have single covalent bonds
Roman numeral
If the cation is a transition metal, a___must be written after the name
Reduce
Ionic bond subscripts
Lithium oxide
Li2O
Lithium chloride Potassium iodide Calcium carbonate Lithium phosphate Sodium fluoride Calcium nitride
LiCl KI CaCO3 Li3PO4 NaF Ca5N2
MEMORIZE FIRST SIX
MEMORIZE FIRST SIX
Positive
Metals are always
Magnesium bromide
MgBr2
Di-nitrogen monoxide
N2O
Nitrogen dioxide
NO2
Section 4
Organic compounds
Tri-phosphorus dichloride
P3Cl2
In front of both
Prefixes are written___ ___ ___ ___nonmetals names with one exception
Write symbol and charge of cation Write the symbol and charge of the anion or polyatomic ion Criss-cross the numerical value of the charges to form subscripts Subscripts of 1 are not written. Charges are also not written. Reduce the value of the subscripts, if necessary
Steps of writing ionic compound formulas
True
T/F: it is possible for several compounds to have the same empirical formula
Around
The Hydrogens are arranged___the carbons
Normal alkane
The carbon atoms all line up in a row when a___ ___ is formed
Name of the element
The cation uses the
Empirical formula Ex: H2O
The composition of a compound in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio
Ide
The ending of the anion is changed to
-ide
The ending of the second nonmetal is changed to?
CnH2n+2
The general formula for alkanes is
CnH2n
The general formula for alkenes
Ions
The names of ionic compounds consist of the names of the___that make up the compounds
Ending
The___of the name first nonmetal is not changed.
Alkenes
These all end in the suffix "ene"
Hydrogen
These compounds almost always contain
Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
These four elements can also be found in organics
Fe2O3 - Iron (III) oxide Cr(OH)2 - Chromium (II) nitride TiN - Titanium (III) nitride Co(OH)3 - Cobalt (III) hydroxide
Transitional elements
If the first nonmetal has only one atom, then the name is just written (no prefix)
What is the one exception?
Hydrocarbon
When the organic compound contains carbon and hydrogen, it is called a Ex: Methane - CH4
