Cloud+ Set 4A
A company is concerned it will run out of VLANs on its private cloud platform in the next couple months, and the product currently offered to customers requires the company to allocate three dedicated, segmented tiers. Which of the following can the company implement to continue adding new customers and to maintain the required level of isolation from other tenants? A. GRE B. SR-IOV C. VXLAN D. IPsec
C. VXLAN To continue adding new customers and maintain the required level of isolation from other tenants while running out of VLANs on its private cloud platform, the company can implement: C. VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) VXLAN is a network virtualization technology that allows for the creation of logically isolated networks (segments) over an existing network infrastructure, such as an IP network. It's designed to provide scalable and flexible network segmentation without relying on VLANs, which have a limited number of available IDs. Here's why VXLAN is a suitable choice: Scalability: VXLAN can provide a much larger address space compared to VLANs, allowing for a greater number of isolated segments. This scalability makes it ideal for addressing the concern of running out of VLANs. Isolation: VXLAN provides network isolation similar to VLANs, ensuring that each customer's traffic is kept separate from others, meeting the requirement for dedicated and segmented tiers. Overlay Technology: VXLAN operates as an overlay network technology, which means it can run over existing network infrastructure without requiring changes to the physical network. This makes it a practical choice for private cloud environments. Flexibility: VXLAN can be used to create isolated networks for different customers or applications while sharing the same physical network infrastructure. While GRE (Option A), SR-IOV (Option B), and IPsec (Option D) have their use cases in networking, they are not specifically designed for solving the problem of VLAN exhaustion and network segmentation in a private cloud environment. VXLAN is a technology explicitly designed to address these concerns.
A web-application company recently released some new marketing promotions without notifying the IT staff. The systems administrator has since been noticing twice the normal traffic consumption every two hours for the last three hours in the container environment. Which of the following should the company implement to accommodate the new traffic? A. A firewall B. Switches C. Ballooning D. Autoscaling
D. Autoscaling To accommodate the increased traffic consumption in the container environment, the company should implement: D. Autoscaling Autoscaling refers to the process of automatically adjusting the number of active servers or containers within an environment to handle the load. If the traffic to the application increases, the autoscaling system will bring more resources online to handle the demand. Conversely, if the traffic decreases, it will reduce the resources to save on costs while still meeting service level requirements. Autoscaling helps ensure that the application remains responsive during traffic spikes, like those caused by new marketing promotions. Given the context of needing to handle increased web traffic, autoscaling is the best solution among the choices offered.
A startup online gaming company is designing the optimal graphical user experience for multiplayer scenarios. However, online players have reported latency issues. Which of the following should the company configure as a remediation? A. Additional GPU memory B. Faster clock speed C. Additional CPU cores D. Dynamic allocations
D. Dynamic allocations Latency issues in online gaming, especially in multiplayer scenarios, are typically related to network performance rather than the local processing power of a server (such as GPU memory, clock speed, or CPU cores). The options provided seem to focus on hardware specifications which would affect the performance of games running locally on a machine or server, but they would not have a significant impact on the latency experienced by players during online play. However, if we consider the given options in a broader sense where they could indirectly affect a gaming service: D. Dynamic allocations could refer to dynamically adjusting resource allocations to meet demand. If this option implies a network context, such as dynamically adjusting bandwidth or scaling server resources closer to users geographically, it could potentially address latency issues by reducing the distance data has to travel or improving load distribution. Since latency in online gaming is usually due to network-related issues, and none of the options directly specify network improvements, the best choice among the provided options is: D. Dynamic allocations
A company that requires full administrative control at the OS level is considering the use of public cloud services. Which of the following service models would BEST fit the company's requirements? A. SaaS B. DBaaS C. PaaS D. IaaS
D. IaaS For a company that requires full administrative control at the operating system level, the best fit among the cloud service models would be: D. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) IaaS provides the most flexibility and management control over the operating systems, including full administrative access to the virtual machines. Users can run any software they choose on the rented hardware, including their own instances of operating systems, applications, and databases. This service model is most akin to managing traditional on-premises hardware but without the physical management of the data center infrastructure. IaaS is the correct choice for a company that wants to maintain the same level of control over the environment as they would have if the servers were located on-premises.
An organization has decided to implement the following network segregation:Below is a configuration of an application server:The application team is unable to establish connectivity to another server, which has the IP address 10.10.10.180. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the issue? A. Incorrect routing configuration B. Incorrect NIC1 configuration C. Incorrect gateway in NIC 1 D. Incorrect subnet mask in NIC2
D. Incorrect subnet mask in NIC2 Based on the network segregation table and the configuration of the application server, let's evaluate the connectivity issue to the server with the IP address 10.10.10.180: The "Application and database servers" network is 10.10.10.1/25, which means it includes IP addresses from 10.10.10.1 to 10.10.10.126. The "Infrastructure servers" network is 10.10.10.128/25, which includes IP addresses from 10.10.10.128 to 10.10.10.254. The server in question has an IP address of 10.10.10.180, which falls within the "Infrastructure servers" network. Looking at the application server's NIC configurations: NIC1 is on the "Production" network with an IP address of 192.168.8.100 and a gateway of 192.168.8.1, which is correct for that subnet. NIC2 is on the "Application and database servers" network with an IP address of 10.10.10.50 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.128. The subnet mask indicates that NIC2 is configured for the subnet 10.10.10.0/25, which supports addresses from 10.10.10.1 to 10.10.10.126. Given NIC2's subnet mask, the application server is configured to communicate within the range of the "Application and database servers" network and not the "Infrastructure servers" network where the 10.10.10.180 server resides. Therefore, the MOST likely reason for the issue is: D. Incorrect subnet mask in NIC2 NIC2's subnet mask is restricting it to the first half of the 10.10.10.0 network (10.10.10.1 to 10.10.10.126) and needs to be broadened to reach the second half (10.10.10.128 to 10.10.10.254), where the server with IP address 10.10.10.180 is located. Changing the subnet mask to 255.255.255.0 (or /24) on NIC2 would allow the application server to communicate with all IPs in the 10.10.10.0 network, including the server at 10.10.10.180.
A SaaS provider wants to maintain maximum availability for its service. Which of the following should be implemented to attain the maximum SLA? A. A hot site B. An active-active site C. A warm site D. A cold site
B. An active-active site To maintain maximum availability for a Software as a Service (SaaS) provider and attain the maximum Service Level Agreement (SLA), the provider should implement: B. An active-active site An active-active site configuration involves having two or more active systems or data centers that run simultaneously. In this setup, workloads are distributed between the sites, which can both handle traffic in normal operations and take over the full load if one site fails. This architecture provides the highest level of availability and redundancy because it ensures that there is no single point of failure. Traffic can be seamlessly redirected between sites without downtime, which is crucial for maintaining a high SLA. Given these considerations, an active-active site configuration is the best option for a SaaS provider looking to maintain maximum availability and meet a high SLA, as it ensures continuous operation and immediate failover between sites.
A systems administrator is trying to connect to a remote KVM host. The command line appears as follows:After logging in to the remote server, the administrator verifies the daemon is running. Which of the following should the administrator try NEXT? A. Opening port 22 on the firewall B. Running the command with elevated privileges C. Checking if the SSH password is correct D. Ensuring the private key was properly imported
C. Checking if the SSH password is correct The provided command line doesn't seem to be related to SSH or connecting to a remote KVM host. It appears to be a command for opening a KVM session locally. However, based on the context provided, if you are trying to connect to a remote server or KVM host and are encountering connection issues, here's what you should try next: C. Checking if the SSH password is correct Since you mentioned logging in to the remote server, it's important to ensure that the SSH password you entered is correct. If the password is incorrect, you won't be able to establish an SSH connection to the remote host. Here are the steps you can follow: Double-check the password you entered to make sure it matches the password for the remote user account on the KVM host. Ensure there are no typos in the password, and be mindful of case sensitivity. If you're unsure about the password, you might need to reset or recover it following your organization's password reset procedures. If the password is correct, and you are still unable to connect, then you can proceed to other troubleshooting steps such as checking for network connectivity, firewall rules, and ensuring that SSH is properly configured on the remote host. However, based on the provided information, confirming the password is the logical next step.
A company is planning its cloud architecture and wants to use a VPC for each of its three products per environment in two regions, totaling 18 VPCs. The products have interdependencies, consuming services between VPCs. Which of the following should the cloud architect use to connect all the VPCs? A. MPLS connections B. VPC peering C. Hub and spoke D. VPN connections
C. Hub and spoke To connect multiple VPCs in a cloud architecture with interdependencies between products and regions, the cloud architect should consider using: C. Hub and spoke architecture A hub-and-spoke architecture is a network topology where one central VPC (the hub) is connected to multiple other VPCs (the spokes). The hub VPC serves as a central point for connecting and routing traffic between the spokes. This approach allows for efficient management of network connectivity, security, and interdependencies between VPCs. While the other options (MPLS connections, VPC peering, and VPN connections) have their use cases, they may not provide the same level of centralized control, security, and ease of management as a hub-and-spoke architecture, especially in a complex multi-region, multi-product scenario.
A cloud administrator implemented SSO and received a business requirement to increase security when users access the cloud environment. Which of the following should be implemented NEXT to improve the company's security posture? A. SSH B. MFA C. Certificates D. Federation
B. MFA To improve security when users access the cloud environment after implementing Single Sign-On (SSO), the next recommended step is: B. MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) Multi-Factor Authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of identification before gaining access to their accounts. It enhances security by ensuring that even if an attacker obtains a user's password, they still cannot access the account without the additional authentication factors. While SSH (Option A), certificates (Option C), and federation (Option D) can also contribute to security, they are not the immediate next step to improve security after implementing SSO. MFA is a fundamental security control that complements SSO and helps secure user access in cloud environments.
A company's website is continuously being brute forced, and its users have reporteterm-111d multiple account intrusions in the last few months. All users are using passwords that are at least 12 characters long. The systems administrator needs to implement a control that will mitigate this issue without negatively affecting the user experience. Which of the following should the administrator implement to achieve the objective? A. Account lockout B. Progressive login delay C. Reduced password complexity D. Increased password length
B. Progressive login delay To mitigate brute force attacks and account intrusions without negatively affecting the user experience, the systems administrator should consider implementing: B. Progressive login delay Progressive login delay is a security mechanism that introduces a brief delay (often increasing with each incorrect login attempt) before allowing subsequent login attempts. This delay makes brute force attacks less effective because they become significantly slower and less practical for attackers. Legitimate users are not significantly affected by this delay, especially if they enter their correct passwords on the first attempt. Progressive login delay strikes a balance between security and user experience by making brute force attacks less effective without overly inconveniencing legitimate users.
A VDI administrator is deploying 512 desktops for remote workers. Which of the following would meet the minimum number of IP addresses needed for the desktops? A. /22 B. /23 C. /24 D. /25
A. /22 To calculate the minimum number of IP addresses needed for the VDI desktops, we need to find the smallest subnet that can accommodate at least 512 IP addresses. Here's a quick subnetting reference that shows the number of available host addresses for different subnet masks: A /25 subnet has 2^(32-25) - 2 = 128 - 2 = 126 usable IP addresses (since the first address is the network address and the last is the broadcast address). A /24 subnet has 2^(32-24) - 2 = 256 - 2 = 254 usable IP addresses. A /23 subnet has 2^(32-23) - 2 = 512 - 2 = 510 usable IP addresses. A /22 subnet has 2^(32-22) - 2 = 1024 - 2 = 1022 usable IP addresses. Given that we need to deploy 512 desktops, a /23 subnet would not suffice as it provides only 510 usable IP addresses. Therefore, the smallest subnet that meets the requirement for at least 512 addresses is: A. /22 This subnet will provide enough IP addresses for 512 desktops, with some additional addresses to spare.
A cloud solutions architect is working on a private cloud environment in which storage consumption is increasing daily, resulting in high costs. Which of the following can the architect use to provide more space without adding more capacity? (Choose two.) A. Tiering B. Deduplication C. RAID provisioning D. Compression E. Flash optimization F. NVMe
A. Tiering B. Deduplication To provide more storage space without adding more capacity in a private cloud environment and reduce costs, the architect can use the following two techniques: A. Tiering: Tiering involves categorizing data into different storage tiers based on its access frequency and importance. Frequently accessed and critical data can be placed on high-performance storage tiers, while less frequently accessed or less critical data can be moved to lower-performance, cost-effective storage tiers. This allows you to optimize storage usage and costs by ensuring that the most valuable data is on the fastest storage and less valuable data is on more cost-effective storage. B. Deduplication: Deduplication is the process of identifying and eliminating duplicate copies of data. It can significantly reduce storage consumption by storing only unique data blocks and references to them. This is particularly effective for environments where there is a lot of redundant or duplicate data, such as virtualized environments or backup storage. Deduplication not only saves storage space but also reduces the need for additional storage capacity. While RAID provisioning (Option C) provides redundancy and data protection, it doesn't inherently provide more storage space without adding more physical disks. Compression (Option D) can reduce storage consumption by compressing data, but it doesn't provide more space without adding more capacity. Flash optimization (Option E) and NVMe (Option F) refer to storage technologies that can improve performance but do not inherently provide more storage space without adding additional capacity.
An organization is developing a new online product. The product must: • Minimize organizational infrastructure and comply with security standards. • Minimize organizational compliance efforts. • Focus on application development and increase speed to market. Which of the following should the organization consider, given the requirements listed above? A. Use cloud-native serverless services. B. Implement automated compliance scanning tools. C. Harden servers using repeatable compliance templates. D. Deploy compliance linters in the CI/CD pipeline.
A. Use cloud-native serverless services. Given the organization's requirements to minimize infrastructure, comply with security standards, minimize compliance efforts, and focus on application development with increased speed to market, the most fitting option would be: A. Use cloud-native serverless services. Cloud-native serverless services allow organizations to build and run applications without managing servers. This approach significantly reduces the infrastructure management effort because the cloud provider handles the servers, runtime, and infrastructure security. Additionally, serverless architectures can make it easier to comply with security standards because the underlying infrastructure is abstracted away and managed by the provider, who often ensures that their services are compliant with various standards. This model allows developers to focus on writing application code, thus accelerating development and time to market. Therefore, the use of cloud-native serverless services (A) is the best choice, as it aligns closely with all the listed requirements for the organization's new product development.
A systems administrator needs to connect the company's network to a public cloud services provider. Which of the following BEST ensure encryption in transit for data transfers? A. Identity federation B. A VPN tunnel C. A proxy solution D. A web application firewall
B. A VPN tunnel To ensure encryption in transit for data transfers between a company's network and a public cloud services provider, the BEST option is: B. A VPN tunnel A VPN (Virtual Private Network) tunnel establishes a secure, encrypted connection over the public internet between the company's network and the cloud services provider's network. This encryption ensures that data transferred between the two networks remains confidential and secure. VPNs are commonly used for secure data communication and are effective in providing encryption in transit for data transfers.
An organization has a web-server farm. Which of the following solutions should be implemented to obtain efficient distribution of requests to the servers? A. A clustered web server infrastructure B. A load-balancing appliance C. A containerized application D. Distribution of web servers across different regions and zones
B. A load-balancing appliance To efficiently distribute requests to servers in a web-server farm, the most suitable solution is: B. A load-balancing appliance Load balancing appliances are specifically designed to distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers or resources to ensure efficient utilization of resources, improve availability, and enhance the performance of web applications. Here's why it's a suitable choice: Efficient Request Distribution: Load balancers evenly distribute incoming requests across the available servers, ensuring that no single server is overwhelmed with traffic while others are underutilized. Improved Availability: Load balancers can perform health checks on servers and route traffic only to healthy servers. If a server fails, the load balancer can automatically redirect traffic to the remaining healthy servers, minimizing downtime. Scalability: As your web-server farm grows, you can easily add more servers to the pool, and the load balancer will distribute traffic among them without manual intervention. Session Persistence: Load balancers can be configured for session persistence, ensuring that requests from the same client are sent to the same server, which is essential for maintaining session state. Security: Load balancers can provide security features such as SSL termination, DDoS protection, and access control. A clustered web server infrastructure (Option A) can also improve availability and scalability but may not provide the same level of request distribution efficiency as a dedicated load balancer.
Users currently access SaaS email with five-character passwords that use only letters and numbers. An administrator needs to make access more secure without changing the password policy. Which of the following will provide a more secure way of accessing email at the lowest cost? A. Change the email service provider. B. Enable MFA with a one-time password. C. Implement SSO for all users. D. Institute certificate-based authentication.
B. Enable MFA with a one-time password. To enhance the security of accessing SaaS email without changing the existing password policy, the most effective and typically lowest-cost option would be: B. Enable MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) with a one-time password. MFA adds an additional layer of security by requiring two or more verification methods — something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a smartphone app that generates a one-time password or OTP), or something the user is (like a fingerprint). Implementing MFA with a one-time password typically doesn't require additional infrastructure and can be implemented using users' existing smartphones, making it a cost-effective solution. It greatly enhances security as it requires users to provide two forms of identification before accessing their email. Therefore, enabling MFA with a one-time password is the best choice given the need for increased security without changing the password policy and considering cost.
A company plans to publish a new application and must conform with security standards. Which of the following types of testing are MOST important for the systems administrator to run to assure the security and compliance of the application before publishing? (Choose two.) A. Regression testing B. Vulnerability testing C. Usability testing D. Functional testing E. Penetration testing F. Load testing
B. Vulnerability testing E. Penetration testing To assure the security and compliance of a new application before publishing, the systems administrator should focus on: B. Vulnerability testing and E. Penetration testing Vulnerability testing involves scanning the application and underlying infrastructure for known security weaknesses. This type of testing helps identify and fix security holes within the application that could potentially be exploited by attackers. Penetration testing (often referred to as "pen testing") takes a more active approach by simulating an attack on the system to identify vulnerabilities that are not just theoretical but could actually be exploited. Pen testing can also validate the effectiveness of the application's security controls and the organization's response procedures. While the other types of testing are valuable for ensuring that the application functions correctly and can handle expected loads (which can indirectly contribute to security by ensuring that the application does not fail under stress, potentially opening up security holes), they do not specifically address security and compliance as directly as vulnerability and penetration testing.
A cloud administrator is choosing a backup schedule for a new application platform that creates many small files. The backup process impacts the performance of the application, and backup times should be minimized during weekdays. Which of the following backup types BEST meets the weekday requirements? A. Database dump B. Differential C. Incremental D. Full
C. Incremental To minimize backup times during weekdays and impact the performance of the application less, the BEST backup type to consider is: C. Incremental Backup Incremental backups only back up data that has changed since the last backup, which means they are generally faster and have a smaller impact on application performance compared to full backups. In the case of many small files, incremental backups can be particularly efficient because they only copy the modified or newly created files. Here's how incremental backups work: Full Backup: The initial backup is a full backup that copies all the data. Incremental Backups: Subsequent backups only capture changes made since the last backup, whether it's a full backup or another incremental backup. This means that only the modified files or new files are included in the backup. Restore Process: To restore data, you would need the last full backup and all incremental backups since that full backup. The backup software will piece together the full dataset from these backups. This approach ensures that backups are quick and efficient during weekdays since they only capture changes made since the last backup, reducing the impact on the application and minimizing backup times. Differential backups (Option B) capture all changes made since the last full backup, so they may not be as efficient as incremental backups in terms of backup times and impact on application performance. Database dumps (Option A) are specific to databases and may not be suitable for backing up an entire application platform with many small files. Full backups (Option D) capture all data every time, which can be time-consuming and have a significant impact on application performance, making them less suitable for minimizing weekday backup times.
A company has entered into a business relationship with another organization and needs to provide access to internal resources through directory services. Which of the following should a systems administrator implement? A. SSO B. VPN C. SSH D. SAML
D. SAML When a company needs to provide access to internal resources through directory services to another organization, the most suitable technology to facilitate this securely and efficiently, especially for web-based applications and services, is: D. SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) SAML is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider and a service provider. It enables single sign-on (SSO) to web applications across different domains. By implementing SAML, the company can securely share directory services with the other organization, allowing users from that organization to access specified internal resources using their own authentication mechanisms. This avoids the need for multiple usernames and passwords and simplifies access management across organizational boundaries. Given the need for directory services integration between organizations, D. SAML is the most appropriate and specific solution for securely sharing authentication and authorization data, facilitating access to internal resources in a controlled and seamless manner.
A systems administrator must ensure confidential company information is not leaked to competitors. Which of the following services will BEST accomplish this goal? A. CASB B. IDS C. FIM D. EDR E. DLP
E. DLP To ensure that confidential company information is not leaked to competitors, the best service to implement would be: E. DLP (Data Loss Prevention) DLP solutions are specifically designed to detect and prevent the unauthorized use and transmission of confidential information. They can be set up to monitor, detect, and block sensitive data while in use (endpoint actions), in motion (network traffic), and at rest (data storage). Policies can be defined to prevent employees from sending sensitive information outside the corporate network or to unauthorized recipients. For the specific goal of preventing sensitive information leakage, DLP is the most targeted and effective service to employ.
Which of the following cloud services is fully managed? A. IaaS B. GPU in the cloud C. IoT D. Serverless compute E. SaaS
E. SaaS Among the options provided, the cloud service model that is typically considered fully managed is: E. SaaS (Software as a Service) SaaS delivers applications over the internet as a service. Instead of installing and maintaining software, you simply access it via the internet, freeing yourself from complex software and hardware management. SaaS providers manage the infrastructure, middleware, app software, and app data. Examples include email services like Gmail, collaborative tools like Microsoft Office 365, and CRM services like Salesforce. Fully managed implies that the service provider manages all aspects of the service, and users simply consume the service or software without worrying about infrastructure or platform maintenance. SaaS offerings align most closely with this description.
