Combo with "Combo with "Contracting Officer warrant board questions 2" and 1 other" and 5 others

PRICE What is the requirement for obligating funds when awarding indefinite-quantity contracts? sb

(1) For indefinite-delivery indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contracts all supplies and services to be furnished shall be obtained via delivery orders(s) or task order(s) issued by individuals designated in the contract. (2) Upon execution of the contract, an obligation shall be recorded based upon the issuance of a delivery or task order for the cost/price of the minimum quantity specified. Obtaining a certification of availability of funding from the finance office does not satisfy the requirement to record an obligation in the official accounting records of the Government for the minimum order amount established by the award of an IDIQ contract. The Government's actual obligation must be recorded at the time of contract award. Recording and subsequently reporting the required obligation using anything other than a delivery or task order will result in the action not being reported in FPDS-NG. the Recording of Obligations Act is implemented in the DoD Financial Management Regulation (FMR) (DoD 7000.14-R - see paragraph 080504 of the FMR). The Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) is responsible for recording contractual obligations in the Air Force accounting records.

A firm-fixed-price contract: sb

• provides for a price that is not subject to any adjustment on the basis of the contractor's cost experience in performing the contract. • places upon the contractor maximum risk and full responsibility for all costs and resulting profit or loss. • provides maximum incentive for the contractor to control costs and perform effectively • imposes a minimum administrative burden upon the contracting parties. Application: FFP is suitable for: acquiring commercial items (FFP or FFP with EPA required for commercial items (FAR 16.201)) other supplies or services on the basis of reasonably definite functional or detailed specifications when CO can establish fair and reasonable prices at the outset, such as when- a. there is adequate price competition b. there are reasonable price comparisons with prior purchases of the same or similar supplies or services made on a competitive basis or supported by valid cost or pricing data c. available cost or pricing information permits realistic estimates of the probable costs of performance; or d. performance uncertainties can be identified and reasonable estimates of their cost impact can be made, and the contractor is willing to accept a FFP representing assumption of the risks involved

DONE SB List some of the ways the Contracting Officer should involve the Small Business Office (ASC/BC) and the SBA early and often in the acquisition process in order to insure maximum opportunities, including subcontracting opportunities, for Small Businesses. sb

(FAR 19.201 & 19.202) 1) The local Small Business office gets involved early in that they must coordinate on all synopses prior to publication. This includes Sources Sought and Pre-Solicitation Synopses. 2) A Small Business Procurement Representative should be invited to participate in early strategy sessions and Acquisition Strategy Panel (ASP) if appropriate for the acquisition. 3) The Small Business Specialist and an SBA representative must review all acquisitions in excess of $25,000 and coordinate on a DD Form 2579, Small Business Coordination Record. 4) A Small Business Specialist must be given an opportunity to review and comment on all Acquisition Plans and Single Acquisition Management Plans (SAMPs). ASC/BC is a required signature on the coordination page of the plans.

Best Value sb

Best Value Continuum: Agencies can obtain best value in negotiated acquisitions by using any one or a combination of source selection approaches. The relative importance of cost or price may vary, i.e., clearly defined acquisitions have less risk of unsuccessful performance, so cost or price may play a dominant role in the source selection. Less defined requirements typically require more development work and have more risk (performance, technical, or past performance), so cost or price are less important than technical factors.

115 FAR prescribes limitations on contracting in four general areas in order to mitigate organizational conflicts of interest. (a) What are these four general areas? (b) What are the two basic problems we are trying to prevent? sb

(a) 1. Providing Systems engineering and technical direction 2. Preparing specifications of work statements 3. Providing evaluation services 4. Obtaining access to proprietary information (b) 1. Conflicting roles that might bias a contractor's judgment 2. Unfair competitive advantage

Inherently Governmental Functions sb

- A function that is so intimately related to the public interest as to mandate performance by government employees. These functions include those activities that require either the exercise of discretion in applying government authority or the making of value judgments in making decisions for the Government. Two categories: 1) The Act of Governing 2) Monetary transactions and entitlements Examples of Inherently governmental functions which involve the interpretation and execution of the laws of the U.S. 1) To bind the U.S. to take or not to take some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, or order. 2) To determine, protect, and advance its economic, political, territorial, property or other interest by military or diplomatic action or criminal judicial proceedings or contract management 3) To significantly affect the life, liberty or property of private persons. 4) To commission appoint, direct or control officers of U.S. employees To exert ultimate control over the acquisition, use or disposition of U.S. property including the collection, control, or disbursement of federal funds.

DONE Publicizing and Response Time: synopsis/question 011sb

. The CO must provide access to pre-solicitation notices through the GPE and must synopsize a proposed contract action before issuing any resulting solicitation. 2. The notice of contract action must be published at least 15 days before issuance of a solicitation. Except, for acquisition of commercial items, the CO may: - establish a shorter period for issuance of the solicitation - use the combined synopsis and solicitation procedure 3. The CO must establish a solicitation response time that will afford potential offerors a reasonable opportunity to respond depending on the circumstances of the individual acquisition such as complexity, commerciality, availability and urgency. 4. Except for the acquisition of commercial items, agencies shall allow at least a 30 day response time for receipt of bids/proposals from the date of issuance of a solicitation if the acquisition is over SAT. 5. Agencies must allow at least a 45 day response time for receipt of bids/proposals from the date of publication of the notice for proposed contract actions categorized as research and development if the proposed contract action

What is included in a Source Selection Plan (SSP)? Acq Plan/question 014 sb

1) A brief description of the requirement, including reference to any applicable guidance such as a Program Management Directive (PMD) 2) A summary of the acquisition strategy, including when applicable, type of contract anticipated, incentives contemplated, milestone demonstrations intended, special contract clauses, performance metrics 3) Source Selection team. Recommended members and advisors by name, position title, company affiliation or by functional area. Identify other Government organizations that will participate in the source selection. 4) Pre-solicitation activities. Describe the activities leading up to the release of the solicitation such as market research, draft solicitations, and synopsis. 5) Evaluation factors and sub factors. Describe the evaluation factors and sub factors and their relative order of importance by attaching the relevant portions of the instructions to offerors and evaluation criteria (Section L&M). Describe the evaluation process. 6) Schedule of events. 7) Address the use of non-government personnel. 8) Identify and explain requested or approved deviations and delegations.

Yu are a PCO and a new trainee comes to you seeking advice. She says she just had a conversation with FM who referred to funds categorized by status as either active, expired, or cancelled. She doesn't understand the differences. Can you explain the differences between the 3 status categories? sb

1. Active - appropriation is available for obligation & disbursement 2. Expired - Appropriations expire for new obligations at the end of the period for which they were appropriated, but are available to adjust and liquidate previous obligations for a 5 year period (available for disbursement, not new obligations). 3. Cancelled - no longer available for any purpose. Expired appropriations are cancelled at the end of the 5th full fiscal year following expiration.

You are a Contracting Officer on a research and development program for non-commercial technologies required for the next generation turbine engine. You receive a proposal from a potential offeror that included the delivery of technical data that: 1) had been developed by the offeror with their funding; 2) was to be developed under the proposed research and development effort with mixed funding (USAF and company funding). How would you approach this issue? sb

1. DOD Policy is to acquire only technical data and rights in that data necessary to satisfy agency needs. 2. To the extent possible - solicitation/announcement should specify the technical data to be delivered under the contract with delivery schedule and criteria for determining acceptability of technical data. Also, require offerors to identify (to the extent practicable) the technical data to be furnished with restrictions on Government's rights. 3. Contracting Officers shall work closely with requirements personnel to assure that the required technical data to be delivered is that which meets the Government's minimum needs. 4. Contracting Officers should consider the source of the development funds for technical data as a significant consideration in determining what rights the Government should attempt to obtain. 5. For technical data that was developed totally at private expense the Contracting Officer should (in most cases) obtain Limited Rights which allows the Government to only use, release, or disclose the technical data within the Government without obtaining the permission of the contractor asserting the restriction. 6. For technical data that is to be developed with mixed private and Government funding, the Contracting Officer should obtain Government purpose rights. During the period of Government purpose rights (the period of Government purpose rights is negotiable) the Government may not use, or authorize other persons to use, the Government purpose rights technical data, for commercial purposes. The Government may release the technical data to Government contractors for use in the performance under a Government contract, provided the recipient has entered into a non-disclosure agreement with the contractor who developed the data. 7. Contracting Officers should negotiate specifically negotiated license rights in technical data when the Government and the Contractor agree to modify the standard license rights granted to the Government or when the Government wants to obtain rights in technical data in which it does not have rights.

DONE Synopsis Exceptions synopsis/011sb

1. National security would be compromised 2. Unusual Compelling urgency would cause the Government to be seriously injured if the agency complied with the time periods specified 3. FMS A foreign government is reimbursing the agency for the cost of the acquisition; or an international agreement or treaty between the U.S. and a foreign government/international organization has the effect of requiring that the acquisition shall be from specified sources. 4. The contract action is expressly authorized or required by statute 5. The contract action is for utility services (other than telecommunications) and only one source is available 6. The contract action is an order under an indefinite delivery contract 7. The action results from acceptance of a proposal under the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982 8. The proposed contract action results from the acceptance of an unsolicited research proposal that demonstrates a unique and innovative concept and any notice would improperly disclose the originality of the proposed research or proprietary information. 9. The proposed contract action is made for perishable supplies and advanced notice is not reasonable 10. The proposed contract action is made under conditions described in 6.302-3, or 6.302-5 with regard to brand name commercial items for authorized resale, or 6.302-7, and advance notice is not appropriate or reasonable 11. The proposed contract action is made under the terms of an existing contract that was previously synopsized 12. The proposed contract action will be made and performed outside the U.S. and only local sources will be solicited. 13. The proposed contract action will not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold, will be made through a means

L What would you do as PCO to minimize the chances of defective pricing in a major negotiation? sb

1. Obtain DCAA audits prior to completion of negotiation s 2. Audit the work in process 3. Pressure the KTR to correct deficiencies cited in the audit 4. Have KTR evaluate subcontract proposals properly

This is a three-part question on the Fixed Price Incentive (Firm Target) Contract type. First, what are the elements of a FPIF contract? Second, under what conditions would it be appropriate to use a FPIF contract? And finally, What is the Point of Total Assumption (PTA) and why is it important? sb MOCK

1. The elements of an FPIF contract type are: Target Cost, Target Profit, Target Price, Ceiling Price and Share Ratio (Profit Adjustment Formula). 2. Conditions under which an FPIF type is appropriate are when 1) there is a situation where the parties can negotiate at the outset a firm target price but there is too much risk (cost, technical, and/or schedule) to allow for an FFP contract type but not so much risk as to require use of a cost reimbursement type; and 2) the Contractor's accounting system is adequate to provide data for negotiation of final cost and incentive price revision. 3. The point of total assumption is defined as the point at which the sum of the contractor's actual cost and calculated profit are equal to the Ceiling Price on a FPIF contract type. From this point onward until the ceiling price is reached, for every dollar spent for actual cost, the contractor loses a dollar of profit. At PTA, the ceiling basically converts to a FFP contract type. Once Ceiling Price is reached, the contractor's actual cost equals Ceiling Price and all profit has been lost. Continued cost to complete the contract is at a loss to the contractor.

CPARS sb

1. The primary purpose of the CPARS is to ensure that data on contractor performance is current and available for use in responsibility determinations and in selecting best value contractors. Performance assessments will be used as an aid in awarding contracts to contractors that consistently produce quality, on-time products and conform to contractual requirements. The CPAR can be used to effectively communicate contractor past performance experiences to source selection officials.

E. Describe the Anti-deficiency Act and list some actions that would constitute a violation of it. 1b.What are the potential penalties for a violation of the ADA?sb

1a. The Anti-deficiency Act means that Government officials have no authority to obligate or spend funds unless the funding is available prior to the obligation occurring. Some of the violations of the ADA include: a. Obligation in excess of available funds. b. Expenditure in excess of available funds. c. Involving the Government in a contract or obligation in advance of appropriations. d. Improper augmentation of appropriations e. Accepting most voluntary services. 1b. Administrative discipline including suspension without pay and removal from job, criminal prosecution (if knowing and willful violation) - up to two years imprisonment and $5,000 fine, and the contract may be declared null and void, although the contractor may still be owed compensation.

7 Steps to PBSA sb

7 Steps to PBSA 1) Form a team 2) identify the problem 3) examine the market 4) develop PWS 5) determine how to measure 6) select the KTR 7) Manage the Performance

We often hear that it is the Contracting Officer's responsibility to determine that a contractor is "Responsible and Responsive". In your own words please define what it means for a contractor to be Responsible and Responsive. sb

: To be determined responsible, a prospective contractor must - 1) Have adequate financial resources to perform the contract or the ability to obtain them; 2) Be able to comply with the required or proposed delivery or performance schedule, taking into consideration all existing commercial and governmental business commitments; 3) Have a satisfactory performance record; 4) Have a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics; 5) Have the necessary organization, experience, accounting and operational controls, and technical skills, or the ability to obtain them; 6) Have the necessary production, construction, and technical equipment and facilities, or the ability to obtain them; 7) Be otherwise qualified and eligible to receive an award under applicable laws and regulations. In other words, capable of performing the work as required. To be considered responsive, a contractor's bid must comply in all material respects with the invitation for bids. Such compliance enables bidders to stand on equal footing and maintain the integrity of the sealed bidding system. Bids should be filled out, executed, and submitted in accordance with the instructions in the invitation (timeliness is a factor). Any bid that does not conform to the requirements, specifications, or delivery schedule will be rejected. In a source selection, the SSA determination of the overall value of each proposal is judged against the source selection evaluation criteria and responsiveness to the government's business, contractual and technical requirements. In general, responsiveness deals with the question of whether the contractor has promised to do exactly what the government has requested. Responsibility deals with the question of whether the contractor can or will perform as he has promised.

: What is a contingent liability? Give two examples of contingent liabilities. Is the government required to take any actions when a contingent liability is identified? sb

A contingent liability is a potential liability that may or may not become an actual liability depending on the outcome of future events. Some examples of contingent liabilities are: Award fees Multi-year contract cancellation ceilings Upward adjustments under savings clauses Target cost to ceiling overruns on FPIF contracts The government is required to budget to the "most probable cost" of every contingent liability. For probable contingent liabilities such as award fees, funds are committed at the time the contingent liability is placed on contract. Based on the "most probable costs" of contingent liabilities, currently available funding should be committed, if applicable, and out-year funding included in budgeted amounts. ("Most probable costs" may have to be re-assessed frequently over time as circumstances change, with committed/budgeted amounts adjusted as a result.) SAF/FM has suggested maintaining contingent liability matrices for all contracts, with funds to be committed for all contingent liabilities classified as "probable." All ACAT I and II programs must identify and describe "probable" and "possible" contingent liabilities and estimated obligation dates.

D&F Explanation df/question 006 sb

A prerequisite to taking certain contracting actions. The "determination" is a conclusion or decision supported by the "findings". - Findings are statements of fact or rationale essential to support the determination and must cover each requirement of the statute or regulation. - Class D&F - authority for a class of contract actions - will have an expiration date

98 A. Under what circumstances is ratification of an unauthorized commitment permitted? B. In general, what are the generic procedures for handling ratification actions? C. Who are the approval authorities for ratifications? sb

A. If the contract award would have been proper if executed by a warranted PCO, the price can be determined to be fair and reasonable, and there must have been enough of the proper type of funding available to pay for the item both at the time of the commitment and at the time of the ratification. B. An investigation is required to be completed within 30 days of discovery of the unauthorized commitment explaining how and why it occurred, how future occurrences will be avoided, and describing any corrective actions taken against responsible individuals. Legal review is also required. C. HCA for actions of $30K or more and COCO for actions under $30K

16. You are the Contracting Officer negotiating a multi-million dollar, non-classified, research effort, on a tight schedule, with a large business as a prime. Near the end of negotiations, the prospective contractor advises you that one of its subcontractors, a university whose unique capabilities render it a major player in the effort, refuses to accept the DFARS clause 252.204-7000, Disclosure of Information. You want to include this clause, which typically goes in solicitations and contracts when the contractor will have access to or generate unclassified information that may be sensitive or inappropriate for release to the public. With the inclusion of this clause the prime and its subs will be prohibited from releasing potentially sensitive information without your permission. The university has advised the prime they feel so strongly that this clause would impair their academic freedom that they will not participate in this effort unless the clause is removed. Since you put this clause in your RFP and model contract, the prime has requested your concurrence to their deleting the clause in their agreement with the university. What should you consider in formulating your response? sb

A. Public Law 98-94 sets forth policies, procedures and responsibilities for withholding of unclassified technical data from public disclosure when it is determined that such disclosure could reveal military critical technologies. B. In this case the government must have the right to protect sensitive information from release and will not agree to the deletion of this clause. Nevertheless the CO should confer with the Program Manager, to determine if the effort will contain military critical technologies; with JAG; and with the Foreign Technology Office. While the clause will not be removed, it might be possible to designate certain portions of the effort that the university could release while protecting the remainder.

MOD When the contracting officer properly issues a unilateral change under the Changes clause, what responsibility, if any, does the contractor have to continue performance? sb

A1: Authority: FAR 43.201(b) The contractor must continue performance of the contract as changed, except that in cost-reimbursement or incrementally funded contracts the contractor is not obligated to continue performance or incur costs beyond the limits established in the Limitation of Cost or Limitation of Funds clause.

FL What additional liabilities does the contractor incur when a fixed-price contract is terminated for default (in lieu of a termination for convenience)? sb MOCK

A4: Authority: FAR 49.402-2 1. The Government is not liable for the contractor's costs on undelivered work and is entitled to the repayment of any advance and progress payments applicable to that work. 2. The contractor is liable to the Government for any excess costs incurred in acquiring supplies and services similar to those terminated for default.

15. You have recently awarded a contract for an infrared laser targeting system. It contains the FAR clause, "Export Controlled Data Restrictions." The contractor calls you and says that although not originally proposed, he now needs to have a Dr. McKenzie work on the contract. Dr. McKenzie is from Australia, although he will be working here at the US at the contractor's facility for this effort. What is your response to the contractor and what kinds of initial actions would you take? What would your response be if the work is not subject to ITAR? What would your response be if the work is subject to ITAR? sb

ANSWER: Authority: AFMCFARS 5352.227-9000 / ITAR [22 CFR 121-128] • If Dr. McKenzie is a foreign national, and although he is working here in the U.S., by giving him the data, it is equated to giving the information to Australia. If the information that he will be working on can be segregated from all of the ITAR sensitive data, then he will e able to work on the segregated data only...but if the information that Dr. McKenzie will require access to is ITAR sensitive data, then he will need an export license [under 22 CFR Sec. 125.2, Exports of Unclassified Technical Data] from the Dept. of State, or the contractor will need to find a U.S. national or citizen who can perform the work. • (a) Determine if the non-U.S. citizen is a permanent resident ("green-card" holder, admitted lawfully into the U.S. for permanent residence). If so, the individual is considered to have the same rights as a U.S. citizen as far as export-controlled data is concerned and no approval is required. • (b) If the individual is not a permanent resident, he/she is a foreign national and is not allowed to have access to any export-controlled data. The contractor must submit a description of the work to be performed by the foreign national and a determination must be made as to whether or not this work is export-controlled. This determination can be made by the Government Program Manager or the Foreign Disclosure Office. If the proposed work is not export-controlled, you may approve the use of the foreign national on the contract on the condition that the individual work only on those non-sensitive tasks. Another solution is to modify the contract to segregate the work into sensitive and non-sensitive areas, and let the contractor make the determination as to whether the proposed work is sensitive.

35 Your Program Office has been losing personnel over the past few years without receiving sufficient replacements but the Program Manager heard about some retired employees who were bored and wanted to volunteer their services. The PM wants to use these former employees to make copies and perform other office chores thus freeing up his people to focus on important problems. Do you see any issues?sb

ANSWER: Authority: Anti Deficiency Act - 31 USC 1342 Yes. The Anti Deficiency Act, 31 USC sec 1342, does not permit you to accept voluntary services like this. This action may be considered an improper augmentation of an appropriation since federal employees normally would perform this work.

30. Your program has identified a requirement for improved cockpit radios for your transport aircraft. The Program Manager conducted market research and has concluded that there is a commercial radio on the market that, with minor modification, would meet the minimum requirements. However there are sufficient funds available for the development of an entirely new cockpit radio to the exact military specifications. How would you advise the PM to proceed? Does the commercial radio meet the FAR definition of a commercial item? If so, does the PM have the option of developing a new military item?sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 12.101(b) According to FAR 2.101 Definitions, an item that otherwise meets the definition for a commercial or non-developmental item "but for modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace or minor modifications of a type not customarily available in the commercial marketplace made to meet Federal Government requirements" is a commercial item. As a Contracting Officer, you should advise the PM that you must purchase the commercial item under the circumstances. According to FAR 12.101(b), Agencies shall acquire commercial items or non-developmental items when they are available to meet the needs of the agency.

40 You are the Contracting Officer on a large aircraft program. The engine is provided to the Prime Contractor as GFE and is purchased via a separate contract as a commercial item; engine spare parts (replenishment spares) are also purchased as commercial items as they also meet the FAR definition of commerciality. This morning you receive a call from the OSI informing you of an investigation they are conducting regarding inconsistencies in billing for engine spare parts between your contract and another commercial contract. The OSI tells you that the Government's contract prices are 5% higher than the "other" commercial customer they are using as a comparison. Do you have a problem? What should you do?sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 12.209 Not necessarily. You should ask the OSI what the terms and conditions are of the other commercial contract that they are using as a baseline to compare the Government's contract against. Are ALL the Ts and Cs the same? Is the period of performance for both contracts the same? Are the deliverables the same? Does one contract contain labor and the other stipulate it is strictly for parts only? Were there any extended warranty provisions included in one contract but not the other? Are these exactly the same configuration of parts and how many did each customer contract for? Without knowing the exact Ts and Cs of both contracts a valid comparison may not be made. There are limits on Government contracting (usually 5 year POPs) that are not present in the commercial sector; if the commercial customer had agreed to a longer POP, they may have realized an overall lower price. The Government may have organic repair - including supply chain management - that may not be available to the commercial customers (and might be included as part of their overall price) which may lower the Government's contract price (or vice versa). Due to unique flight parameters/aircraft missions the Government may have elected not to participate in an extended warranty program which may also drive a price deferential between the Government and the commercial sector. There may be numerous other commercial "updates/changes", etc. that could have been included or excluded from the contracts which drove the price deferential. Configuration or numeric/quantity differences could also affect the overall contract values. If you are able to obtain the relevant facts from the other contract you might be able to perform an analysis. However, as the engine was purchased as a commercial item it is likely that extensive market research was conducted to determine the reasonableness of the price the Government paid based upon its requirements. You should also have the OSI explain "billing inconsistencies"; as your contract is FFP the contractor is unable to bill for any amount in excess of that previously negotiated. You may not have negotiated the best deal but the contractor should not be able to bill in excess of those amounts negotiated.

42. You have been assigned as the CO for a new source selection. The Program Manager wants to receive brief written abstracts, followed by Oral Proposals and makes a convincing case that, from an evaluation standpoint; this is the easiest method to assess the offerors' technical abilities. What are some things you should both consider before proceeding? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 15.102 / IG 5315.102 You should discuss the number of prospective offerors and the schedule/time available to receive oral proposals. If twice (or more) the number of expected offerors respond, government resources may not be available for the increased number. Are there facilities available for the entire (or extended) period? The method and criteria for documenting and evaluation the oral proposals. Are they to be filmed? Audio recorded? Presentation Costs. Would the cost associated with presenting oral proposals prohibit or restrict competition? Conversely, would the cost be so low as to encourage unqualified offerors whose presentations must be entertained (and further expend government resources). Presentation "style". The government evaluators must be sure not to be swayed or influenced by style over substance. The offeror with the most glossy presentation may not offer the best value to the government

31 You were the Contracting Officer for a source selection that bought 500 engine trailers based on Adequate Price Competition (APC) from Engine Trailers, Inc. Three months later a decision was made to buy an additional 50 trailers from this company. As a Contracting Officer for this follow-on buy, would you need to request certified cost or pricing data or would it be acceptable to buy from this same source based on the TINA exception for adequate price competition? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 15.403-1(c)(1)(iii) It would be acceptable to buy the additional 50 trailers based on the TINA exception for adequate price competition per FAR 15.403-1(c)(1)(iii) which states "A price is based on adequate price competition if - Price analysis clearly demonstrates that the proposed price is reasonable in comparison with current or recent prices for the same or similar items, adjusted to reflect changes in market conditions, economic conditions, quantities, or terms and conditions under contracts that resulted from adequate price competition."

37 You have recently awarded 3 multiple award ID/IQ contracts in accordance with FAR 16.5. The contracts are for specialized support equipment and the ordering period is three years. FAR 16.505(b)(1) states that you must provide each awardee a fair opportunity to be considered for each order exceeding $3,000. Are there any exceptions to this, and are you required to publicize these orders in the Federal Business Opportunities Net? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 16.505(b)(2) FAR 16.505(b)(2) states: Exceptions to the fair opportunity process. The contracting officer shall give every awardee a fair opportunity to be considered for a delivery-order or task-order exceeding $3,000 unless one of the following statutory exceptions applies: (i) The agency need for the supplies or services is so urgent that providing a fair opportunity would result in unacceptable delays. (ii) Only one awardee is capable of providing the supplies or services required at the level of quality required because the supplies or services ordered are unique or highly specialized. (iii) The order must be issued on a sole-source basis in the interest of economy and efficiency because it is a logical follow-on to an order already issued under the contract, provided that all awardees were given a fair opportunity to be considered for the original order. (iv) It is necessary to place an order to satisfy a minimum guarantee. Orders placed under ID/IQ contracts are exempt from synopsis by FAR 5.202(a)(6).

6. You are the Contracting Officer on a large aircraft sustainment contract. The contract has a base year and several one year options for various support requirements. The contract period of performance runs from 1 Oct through 30 Sep of each year. On 5 Oct one of the Program Managers comes to you with a request to exercise an option for continued Tech Order Updates however the contract states that the particular option the PM has identified was to be exercised by 1 Oct. The PM asserts there is still a requirement for the TO support and is willing to give you a memo addressing the need and accepting responsibility for not notifying you of his requirement in sufficient time to exercise the option. How would you proceed? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 17.2 / FAR 6.302 / FAR 6.304 Although the period for unilaterally exercising the option has expired your PM may still be able to have the requirement fulfilled. You should contact the contractor, express the Government's need to have the work performed, and see if the contractor is amenable to performing the work. If they are, you should contact your Legal Council, review the circumstances and get their buy-in for a contract modification. If your council agrees, you should prepare a J&A under FAR 6.302 and FAR 6.304, if there are no other suppliers who could perform the work, and there is rationale for other than full and open competition, and proceed with a bilateral contract agreement. The contractor is entitled to renegotiate the price as the option was not exercised IAW the contract terms and conditions.

You are the Contracting Officer for a $5,000,000 acquisition for which the contractor has taken the position that the product is commercial. You must now determine if you agree with this position. What documentation would you need to complete for you contract file and what steps would you take determining if you agree with the contractor's position of commerciality? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 2.101(b) / AFMCFARS 5312.201-90 First, as PCO, you will review the definition of a "commercial item" in FAR 2.101(b) to make sure you fully understand what is required for an item to be determined commercial. AFMCFARS says the PCO shall fully and adequately document, in writing, the market research and rationale supporting the conclusion that the commercial item definition has been satisified for all acquisitions using FAR Part 12 that exceed $1M (OSD DPAP Memo, Commercial Item Determinations, dtd 2 Mar 07). The Commercial Item Determination (CID) may be written as a memorandum, and shall address the minimum components listed below. (i) Description of supplies or services; (ii) Basis on which the supplies or services meet the definition of a commercial item; (iii) Basis on which the commercial item satisfies the government's requirements; (iv) Contracting officer signature and date.

3. How is a warranty impacted if the Government specifies or doesn't specify the design of the item? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 46.706 If the Government specifies the design of the end item and its measurements, tolerances, materials, tests, or inspection requirements, the contractor's obligations for correction of defects is usually be limited to defects in material and workmanship or failure to conform to specifications. If the Government does not specify the design, the warranty extends also to the usefulness of the design.

Term 4. Where is profit allowed and not allowed under a fixed-price contract terminated for convenience? sb MOCK

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 49.202 Profit is allowed on preparations made and work done by the contractor for the terminated portion of the contract but not on the settlement expenses. Anticipatory profits and consequential damages are not allowed. Profit is not allowed for material or services that, as of the effective date of termination, have not been delivered by a subcontractor, regardless of the percentage of completion. The TCO may use any reasonable method to arrive at a fair profit.

TERM 43 You are a PCO who has inherited a problem contract. This situation is your contractor is in the 5th year of a 15-year contract and it has now become obvious that the contractor "bought in" with a low price during the source selection. The contractor is currently complaining they are losing millions of dollars and are threatening to walk out of the contract. Your Program Manager comes to you for advice. Given the limited scenario, discuss some of the issues that you would consider in selecting a course of action. What possible courses of action would you consider recommending to your Program Manager? sb

ANSWER: Authority: FAR 49.402 Some issues to consider: contract type, government delays or other faults, changes in requirements, delivery schedule, other available sources, and termination options. Possible courses of action: (1) Hold the contractor's feet to the fire and demand performance (2) Alternate Disputes Resolution (3) Negotiate an acceptable "exit" (4) Terminate for Default (5) Establish incentives for meeting performance measures, helping the contractor offset a portion of their losses (6) Renegotiate the contract to satisfy the contractor

44 Under a current contract, Contractor A is to do testing, evaluation and validation of items to determine their use in a particular area. You are the Contracting Officer on a new source selection that will have the successful offeror submitting items to be tested by Contractor A under the current contract. Contractor A is one of many contractors who have expressed interest in the new source selection. As a CO what should you consider when determining if Contractor A may be allowed to bid as a prime contractor on this new source selection? sb

ANSWER: KTR MAY SUBMIT A MITIGATION PLAN WITH THEIR PROPOSAL Authority: FAR 9.502(c) / FAR 9.504 FAR 9.502(c) states "an organizational conflict of interest may result when factors create an actual or potential conflict of interest on an instant contract, or when the nature of the work to be performed on the instant contract creates an actual or potential conflict of interest on a future acquisition." In this latter case, some restrictions on future activities of the contractor may be required. In these cases, under FAR 9.504, the CO shall: (1) analyze planned acquisitions in order to (a) identify and evaluate potential conflicts of interests as early in the acquisition process as possible; and (b) avoid, neutralize, or mitigate significant potential conflicts before contract award. (2) obtain the advice of counsel and the assistance of appropriate technical specialists in evaluating potential conflicts and in developing any necessary solicitation provisions and contract clauses (3) before issuing the solicitation, recommend to the head of the contracting activity a course of action for resolving the conflict (4) avoid creating unnecessary delays, burdensome information requirements, and excessive documentation; and (5) shall award the contract to the apparent successful offeror unless a conflict of interest is determined to exist that cannot be avoided or mitigated.

33.You are the Contracting Officer for a $8M acquisition. The buy includes two sole source subcontracts valued at $1.2M and $770K. The contractor has three questions for you concerning these subcontractors. They are: (1) Do these subcontractors need to submit certified cost or pricing data? (2) If one or both need to submit certified data, does this data need to be submitted to the PCO? (3) Does the prime contractor need to accomplish a Vendor Cost Analysis on these subcontractor proposals? sb

ANSWER: Yes, both subcontractors must submit certified cost or pricing data because they are over the certification threshold of $750K. (2) The $1.2M subcontractor data is to be submitted to the PCO, however, the $770K subcontractor data doesn not need to be submitted. The thresholds for submission of the data to the PCO is $12M or $750K and 10% of the prime proposed price. The $770K subcontractor is over $750K, but is not 10% or more of the price price. (3) Yes, the prime contractor does need to perform a vendor cost analysis on both subcontractors because they are over the certification level of $750K.

DONE SB 67 What are the differences between apparent, implied and express authority?sb legal/question 010

Actual authority is specifically set forth orally or in writing (e.g., warrant, FAR). Implied authority is authority reasonable necessary to carry out the express grant of authority. It may be inferred from custom, conduct, writings such as rules/regulations. Implied authority exists in an individual by virtue of duties. QA inspector authorized to reject work has implied authority to change work through improper rejection. An example of apparent authority is a PCO that lacks actual authority, but the PCO's conduct allows a third party to believe they have authority. However if the government puts the PCO in a position of responsibility, the government is estopped to deny the PCO's authority. Elements of estoppel: 1) Government is aware of the true facts, 2) contractor is unaware of the true facts; 3) the government intends for the contractor to rely on the government conduct; and 4) the contractor relies to its injury.

UCA 72 b How would you address consideration on a Fixed Price type contract being modified to include additional Government Furnished Property (GFP) (e.g., not part of the original contract), and what is your reasoning? legal/question 010 sb

After determining the estimated value of the GFP, you would add something of value to the contract (i.e., additional within scope capability, an additional study, additional hours) in order to re-establish the original "balance" of the contractual consideration.

DONE SB 27. You're in a kick-off meeting for a new $20M R&D effort and the Program Manager points out the list of potential offerors, three of which are small businesses. When asked he states that all three are capable of doing the work. Are you required to set this acquisition aside for small businesses? What question would you ask the Program Manager? sb

Although FAR 19.502-2(b)(2) states: "(b) The contracting officer shall set aside any acquisition over $150,000 for small business participation when there is a reasonable expectation that (1) offers will be obtained from at least two responsible small business concerns offering the products of different small business concerns (but see paragraph (c) of this subsection); and (2) award will be made at fair market prices. Total small business set-asides shall not be made unless such a reasonable expectation exists (but see 19.502-3 as to partial set-asides). Although past acquisition history of an item or similar items is always important, it is not the only factor to be considered in determining whether a reasonable expectation exists. In making R&D small business set-asides, there must also be a reasonable expectation of obtaining from small businesses the best scientific and technological sources consistent with the demands of the proposed acquisition for the best mix of cost, performances, and schedules." Your question for the engineer would be whether two or more of the small businesses would offer the best technical solution for the best mix of cost, performance, and schedule.

41 On 3 Sep 08 the CO awarded a contract for computer purchases using FY08 O&M (3400) funds. The computers were to be delivered upon completion of a new building expected sometime early in CY 09, but the contractor could have delivered the computers almost immediately upon contract award. Are there any fiscal issues here? sb

Authority: 31 USC 1502(a) "Bona Fide Needs Rule" Yes. O&M (3400) funds are for one year. You cannot cross FYs unless there is an exception. This could be considered a violation of the bona fide need rule. The lead-time exception does not apply since the delivery delay is based on the government's request and not the reality of when the contractor could actually deliver the computers.

68 How does a PCO get their authority? sb co/question 005

Authority: AFMC-(a)(90) Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution gives authority to Congress. Congress gives authority to the Department of Defense. DoD gives the authority to the Secretary of the Air Force. The SECDEF gives the authority to the ASAF(A), to AFMC/CC, to SMC/CC, to SMC/PK, to the PCO. In AFMC, the SCCO is delegated the authority to appoint contracting officers.

20. You have been assigned as the Contracting Officer for a new acquisition and the requirement has just been briefed by the Colonel as the Wing's number one priority. The Program Manager approaches you with a draft sole-source J&A and asks for your review and comment. Upon review you note that no mention of Market Research is made and the PM later confirms that none was accomplished as the Wing wants to use their "usual" contractor; she also tells you that she isn't really sure why any would be necessary or where to begin the research. What should you do? sb

Authority: FAR 10.002 You should inform her that Market Research is usually the foundation for sole-source or limited competition and without it (unless one of the other exceptions in 6.302 applies) you cannot process the J&A. You should also ensure that she understands that the Market Research will demonstrate if a commercial item is available, or could be modified, to meet the Government's requirement thereby saving time and money in the development and delivery of the item. You should direct her to FAR Part 10 which provides several avenues of conduction Market Research, some of which are: (1) Contacting knowledgeable individuals in Government and industry regarding market capabilities to meet requirements. (2) Reviewing the results of recent market research undertaken to meet similar or identical requirements. (3) Publishing formal requests for information in appropriate technical or scientific journals or business publications. (4) Querying the Government-wide database of contracts and other procurement instruments intended for use by multiple agencies available at www.contractdirectory.gov and other Government and commercial databases that provide information relevant to agency acquisitions. (5) Participating in interactive, on-line communication among industry, acquisition personnel, and customers. (6) Obtaining source lists of similar items from other contracting activities or agencies, trade associations or other sources. (7) Reviewing catalogs and other generally available product literature published by manufacturers, distributors, and dealers or available on-line. (8) Conducting interchange meetings or holding pre-solicitation conferences to involve potential offerors early in the acquisition process.

38 You are in a source selection and according to the RFP the offerors are to submit a paper copy and an electronic version of their offer. One offeror submits both versions, on time, one hour before closing time for receipt of proposals. However, the next day, when the electronic version is loaded to begin evaluations, it is found to be defective and cannot be read. What do you do and why? sb

Authority: FAR 15.207(c) Check to make sure the paper version is complete and acceptable for evaluation. Then you may either use it or you should ask the offeror to submit another electronic version, verify that it is the same as the paper version you already have, and then use the new electronic version. Why? No one has been harmed or disadvantaged by this, the government could have evaluated the paper version alone so the electronic version is merely for the convenience of the government. FAR part 15 says that if any portion of a proposal received by the contracting officer electronically or by facsimile is unreadable, the contracting officer immediately shall notify the offeror and permit the offeror to resubmit the unreadable portion of the proposal. The method and time for resubmission shall be prescribed by the contracting officer after consultation with the offeror, and documented in the file. The resubmission shall be considered as if it were received at the date and time of the original unreadable submission for the purpose of determining timeliness under 15.208(a), provided the offeror complies with the time and format requirements for resubmission prescribed by the contracting officer.

21. As the Contracting Officer on a source selection you recently sent out the notice to unsuccessful offerors and have received several requests for debriefings. Some of the requests are for pre-award debriefs and some are for post award debriefs. What are the things you may/may not tell the offerors in the debriefings? sb

Authority: FAR 15.505 / FAR 15.506 At a minimum, Pre-Award debriefings shall include -- (1) The agency's evaluation of significant elements in the offeror's proposal; (2) A summary of the rationale for eliminating the offeror from the competition; and (3) Reasonable responses to relevant questions about whether source selection procedures contained in the solicitation, applicable regulations, and other applicable authorities were followed in the process of eliminating the offeror from the competition. Preaward debriefings shall not disclose -- (1) The number of offerors; (2) The identity of other offerors; (3) The content of other offerors proposals; (4) The ranking of other offerors; (5) The evaluation of other offerors; or (6) Any of the information prohibited in 15.506(e). For a Post-Award (1) The Government's evaluation of the significant weaknesses or deficiencies in the offeror's proposal, if applicable; (2) The overall evaluated cost or price (including unit prices), and technical rating, if applicable, of the successful offeror and the debriefed offeror, and past performance information on the debriefed offeror; (3) The overall ranking of all offerors, when any ranking was developed by the agency during the source selection; (4) A summary of the rationale for award; (5) For acquisitions of commercial items, the make and model of the item to be delivered by the successful offeror; and (6) Reasonable responses to relevant questions about whether source selection procedures contained in the solicitation, applicable regulations, and other applicable authorities were followed. The debriefing shall not include point-by-point comparisons of the debriefed offeror's proposal with those of other offerors. Moreover, the debriefing shall not reveal any information prohibited from disclosure by 24.202 or exempt from release under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) including - (1) Trade secrets; (2) Privileged or confidential manufacturing processes and techniques; (3) Commercial and financial information that is privileged or confidential, including cost breakdowns, profit, indirect cost rates, and similar information; and (4) The names of individuals providing reference information about an offeror's past performance

You are the Contracting Officer for a new program that is going to acquire repair and overhaul services. After conducting research you decide to use a Time-and-Material (T&M) contract type. The Program Manager is not familiar with this type contract and has asked you to explain what a T&M contract type is and some of the advantages and disadvantages. What would be your answer? sb

Authority: FAR 16.601(c) A1: A Time-and-Material contract arrangement is used to buy time at a fixed and specified hourly rate that includes direct labor, indirect costs, and profit. Material is acquired at cost with no addition of profit. Advantages: 1) used when costs cannot be estimated realistically, 2) profit is saved on the material expenditures, 3) exclusion of profit on material makes it more likely the contractor will choose to repair rather than replace which is usually what we want to the extent it is economical. Disadvantages: 1) expending additional hours increases profit dollars, 2) contractor may use lower graded labor than was priced in the hourly rate, thus making more money on the rate differential, 3) use of lower graded laborers may result in more hours being expended, increasing profit dollars.

153What are some examples of relevant contractor past performance information? How long should past performance information be retained? sb

Authority: FAR 42.15 Past performance information includes the contractor's record of conforming to contract requirements and to standards of good workmanship; the contractor's record of forecasting and controlling costs; the contractor's adherence to contract schedules, including the administrative aspects of performance; the contractor's history of reasonable and cooperative behavior and commitment to customer satisfaction; and generally, the contractor's business-like concern for the interest of the customer. Past performance information shall not be retained to provide source selection information for longer than three years after completion of contract performance.

MOD 73 Describe "cure notice" and when you would use one as a CO? sb

If a contract is to be terminated for default before delivery date, a "cure notice" is required by the Default clause. Before using this notice, it must be ascertained that the amount of time equal to or greater than the period of "cure" remains in the contract delivery schedule or any extension to it. If the amount of time remaining in the contract delivery schedule is not sufficient to permit a "cure" period of 10 days or more, the Cure Notice should NOT be issued, instead a "Show Cause Notice" may be issued.

MOD 24. You are the Contracting Officer on a program where the contractor has recently submitted a very large claim based on a constructive change to the contract. The claim is based on direction that the Colonel, the Group Commander of the program, allegedly gave the contractor. The contractor maintains it was a constructive change to the contract. You find out from the Colonel's secretary that he is going out to the contractor's facility next week to meet with corporate management about the claim. You make inquiries and find out that nobody from the program's contracting division or JAG will be accompanying the colonel. What should you do? sb

Authority: FAR 43.104 / FAR 52.243-7 A constructive change is sometimes called a 'change by implication' and occurs when the Government, by its actions, changes the contract without specifically adhering to the requirements of the 'Changes' clause. A constructive change order has been defined as an oral or written act or omission by the Contracting Officer or other authorized Government official, which is of such a nature that it has the same effect as a formal written change order under the Changes clause. You should notify you supervisor immediately and brief them on the situation. You should also express concern over not being involved in the situation and concern that the Colonel might be compromising the Government's position in this matter. You should recommend to your boss that the Group COCO should ask the colonel either to take along his PCO and JAG or cancel the trip altogether. If the colonel refuses, then the COCO should elevate the matter by alerting the SCCO and the JAG office.

CHANGE 32 You are the Contracting Officer in a major weapon system program. The program is under a lot of pressure to get through flight test and into production. There are cost overruns. Numerous IPTs are working with the contractor. The engineers are meeting regularly with the contractor and making decisions on how to accomplish flight test. Senior Program Management is working with the contractor's management group deciding how to get to production. Decisions are not getting documented. No PCO letters have been issued for over six months. What do you do?sb

Authority: FAR 43.202 There seems to be a major communications breakdown. It appears that many folks may have given constructive changes to the contractor. You should communicate to both Government and contractor personnel that no one is authorized to give direction or take action on a decision unless they receive a PCOL. You need to try to document the past agreements/decisions, etc. that have been made, on both sides, and bring the contract up to date to reflect these things. You may also need to prepare for an eventual claim from the contractor. The PCO is the only one authorized to make a change to a contract, unless it's been delegated to the ACO, per FAR 43.202.

2. Describe what a warranty provides and describe its use in a cost-reimbursement type contract?sb

Authority: FAR 46.702(b) / FAR 46.705(a) / DFARS 246.705 / AFMCFARS 5346.702 • Generally, a warranty provides a contractual right for the correction of defects notwithstanding any other requirement of the contract pertaining to acceptance of the supplies or services by the Government; and a stated period of time or use, or the occurrence of a specified event, after acceptance by the Government to assert a contractual right for the correction of defects. • Except for the warranties in the clauses at 52.246-3, Inspection of Supplies -- Cost-Reimbursement, and 52.246-8, Inspection of Research and Development -- Cost-Reimbursement, the contracting officer shall not include warranties in cost-reimbursement contracts.

22. If a contractor is included on the List of Parties Excluded from Federal Procurement and Nonprocurement Programs, what are the rules on continuation of current contracts with the contractor? sb MOCK

Authority: FAR 9.405 1. Agencies may continue contracts or subcontracts in existence at the time the contractor was debarred, suspended, or proposed for debarment unless the agency head or a designee directs otherwise. 2. Ordering activities may continue to place orders against existing contracts, including indefinite delivery contracts, in the absence of a termination. 3. Agencies shall not renew or otherwise extend the duration of current contracts (i.e. exercise options), or consent to subcontracts, unless the agency head or a designee authorized representative states, in writing, the compelling reasons for renewal or extension.

72 What is consideration? sb legal/question 010

Consideration is the inducement to a contract: the cause, motive, price, or impelling influence that leads a party to enter a contract. A binding contract requires an offer, acceptance of the offer, and consideration. Consideration generally requires two elements: (1) something must be given that the law regards as of sufficient legal value for the purpose - either a benefit to the seller or a detriment to the buyer, and (2) the something (benefit or detriment of legal value) must be dealt with by the parties as the agreed-upon price or exchange for the promise - there must be a "bargained-for exchange." The requirement for consideration does not require that what is relied upon for consideration be equivalent in value to the promise; the consideration need only have "some value."

26. You have just received the only proposal against a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) solicitation issued last month. It is from the University of Southern California and you have to choose the most appropriate contract instrument for the work being proposed. What kinds of things would you consider in determining whether to award a contract, grant, cooperative agreement or other transaction for research? sb MOCK

Contract - If the principle purpose of the research is for the direct benefit of use by the government, then a procurement contract would be best. Grant - If the principle purpose is to transfer a thing of value to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by US law AND there is minimal government involvement during the performance of the effort then a grant is appropriate. Cooperative Agreement - If substantial involvement IS expected between the government and the recipient USC takes no exception to the patent rights provision then a Cooperative Agreement is appropriate. (TIA - there should be no mention of this since it involves cost share and is used primarily to leverage businesses that have not dealt with the Government before. But there could be a university in a consortium that was awarded a TIA) Other Transaction for Research - If USC takes exception to the patent rights provisions then an OT for research is your last possible choice.

What is the purpose of the Contract Clearance Process? clearance/question 009 sb

Contract actions effectively implement approved acquisition strategies Negotiations and contract actions result in fair and reasonable business arrangements Negotiation and contract are consistent with laws, regulations, and policies An independent review and assessment It also: Reinforces a culture of disciplined competencies It holds us accountable for stewardship to our internal and external stakeholders It builds confidence with our leadership in procurement processes and decisions

MOD When can incremental funding be used and what is the rationale for allowing its use? What safeguards keep the contract from violating the Anti-Deficiency Act? What does the incremental funding amount have to cover?sb

Contracts using procurement appropriations must, under most circumstances, be fully funded to ensure stable production runs, lower costs, and the availability of sufficient funds to complete the product. Half an airplane or tank would not be very useful. Contracts using R&D appropriations are normally incrementally funded, allowing more flexibility and control, to provide funding as needed and as progress in the research project is accomplished. The cost and progress in R&D projects are not as predictable as in more mature production programs. In R&D, even if a program is stopped before full funding is provided, some benefit is gained from the research accomplished to date. For Fixed Price contracts, incremental funding can only be used if: 1. The contract is funded with R&D appropriations 2. Congress has otherwise incrementally appropriated program funds 3. The HCA approves the use of incremental funding for either base services contracts or hazardous/toxic waste remediation contracts. The Limitation of Funds Clause (FAR 52.232-22 - for Cost Reimbursement contracts) or the Limitation of Government Obligation clause (DFARS 252.232-7007 for Fixed Price contracts) caution the contractor that he is not obligated to incur costs, nor is the Government obligated to pay in excess of the amount allotted. Incremental funding is obligated to cover the amount allotted and any corresponding increment of fee.

FL I In regards to the availability and life cycle of funds, explain the meaning of the terms "current", "expired" and "cancelled". For what purposes can each of the three phases of funds be used? How many years does the current status last for construction (3300) funds, procurement (3010) funds, for R&D (3600) funds, and for O&M (3400) funds? sb

Current - The funds are available for obligation. This stage is primarily for obligating or placing funds on contract for a specific purpose. The "current" phase lasts five years for construction (3300) funds, three years for procurement (3010) funds, two years for R&D (3600) funds, and one year for O&M (3400) funds. Expired - The funds are not available for obligation but may be used for liquidation of previously incurred obligations or certain adjustments to these obligations. They may be used to pay existing, unpaid bills on the contract. Funding in this phase remains available for 5 years from the year the appropriation expires, regardless of the appropriation type. No obligations for new requirements can be incurred against expired funds during this phase. Cancelled - The funds are no longer available and cease to exist for any purpose. Under PL 101-510 any use of cancelled funds is prohibited and results in a violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act. This includes incurring any new obligation or payment against a previous obligation. Obligations or adjustments that would otherwise be chargeable to these years must be charged to current funds.

You are the CO on a Commercial Services contract estimated to be $100M. Your PM calls a meeting with all the functional leads to discuss the acquisition strategy. During the meeting, the PM inquires what types of incentives are available to ensure that the contractor meets the minimum contractual requirements given the high visibility of the program. How would you respond? sb

I would point out first that contractual incentives must only apply to performance that exceeds the minimum requirements. If there are no performance objectives (requirements beyond the minimum requirement), a FFP contract should be plenty of incentive to the contractor to perform. If there are areas where we would be able to quantify performance and provide incentive to the contractor for exceeding the minimum contractual requirements, I would look in to another type of arrangement such as an FPIF, FPAF, or FPAT type contract. I would also investigate, during the market research stage, the typical commercial practices for this industry.

You are the Contracting Officer for a high visibility acquisition of airframes using a multi-year contract approach. One of the clauses the contractor is requesting is an Economic Price Adjustment (EP A) Clause because the period of performance extends for six years. What cost elements are impacted by EPA and what factors would you consider when determining appropriate indexes? sb

EPA provisions are meant to recognize and adjust for economic factors outside the control of the contractor and government. The cost elements most commonly impacted are direct labor and material/subcontracts. The direct labor is loaded through G&A Expense but without profit when determining the dollars that would have the EP A adjustment. For material/subcontracts the same scenario is true except only those subcontracts with EP A flow-down would be included in the dollar profiles. The factors to consider when determining the appropriate indexes include: an index that reflects a broad measure of material price changes since material used in Air Force acquisitions is not limited to the aircraft industry; for a labor index choose one that includes the aircraft industry rather than a more generic index. ASC/PKF can be very helpful when determining the appropriate indexes and providing examples of EPA clauses.

1. You are the PCO on a new acquisition and have just received the DCAA audit for the $12M proposal that you received last month. The audit had $100,000 in questioned material costs, and $100,000 in unsupported costs for the subcontractor labor hours. As you put together your clearance charts for the effort, you realize that you have only decremented $30,000 from the proposed materials costs in building your objective, and you find that decrement to be fair and reasonable. You have decremented the entire $100,000 that was unsupported in the audit from the costs proposed for the subcontractor labor, and you find that decrement to be fair and reasonable. What must you do? sb

DPAP policy letter dated 4 Dec 09 highlights the responsibilities of the PCO when he/she does not include significant audit recommendations in the Air Force Objective. The letter excludes "unsupported" costs, and focuses only on "questioned" costs in the audit. So we won't even focus on the "unsupported" cost category. When the PCO plans to sustain less than 75% of the recommended questioned costs in the Air Force Objective, and the proposal is $10M or more, the PCO must have a discussion with the auditor and document the disagreement in writing to the auditor, and through business clearance before negotiations! If business clearance is approved, then the disagreement is supported. If the auditor doesn't agree with the decision of the PCO, and the subsequent approval by the Clearance Approval Authority, then DCAA may request a higher level review, which could go all the way to DPAP. In our case, our proposal is over $10M, and the only 30% of the questioned costs were sustained by the PCO. Unless the PCO upholds at least $75,000 of the $100,000 in questioned costs, he/she will have to discuss why not with the auditor, document that in the business clearance, and possibly defend his/her decision at a level all the way up to DPAP.

DONE SB You are the CO on a program where the contractor is a Small Business and new to government business. They call you up one day very concerned about what they heard from one of their business consultants. The consultant mentioned the Government is not bound by apparent authority and anyone entering into an arrangement with the Government takes the risk that the person they are dealing with stays within the bounds of their authority. First, is this true or is the Government bound by apparent authority? What can you do to help relieve the contractor's concerns? sb legal/question 010

FAR 1.602-1 Authority. (a) CO's have authority to enter into, administer, or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. CO's may bind the Government only to the extent of the authority delegated to them. Apparent Authority: It is well-settled in Government contracting that apparent authority will never bind the Government. Apparent authority is, in effect, an application off the doctrine of estoppels in which a "representation" is made by creating the appearance that a person has certain authority that he or she does not actually have. Although a firm in the commercial marketplace may be bound when other parties reasonably rely on the appearance that its agent has authority to take certain action, the Government will not be bound unless its agent has actual (not merely apparent) authority to take the action.

CLAIM You have just received a request for equitable adjustment from your contractor. What do you do? sb

First you should notify your attorney that you have received an REA. Then, you will need to determine whether the contractor's request has any merit. If you determine that the request has merit, you may attempt to negotiate a settlement with the contractor, involving your attorney as you deem necessary. If negotiating with the contractor is difficult, and the involvement of your program counsel has not helped, you may refer the case to AFMC LO/JAB for formal ADR. Formal ADR can be accomplished either before or after the issuance of a final decision. If you determine that the REA is without merit, you may still attempt to discuss the issues with the contractor prior to issuing a CO's final decision. Once a stalemate has occurred and the claim can't be resolved at the CO level, a final decision is issued and an appeal is processed.

34 You are doing contracting planning for an ACAT III R&D acquisition involving prototype hardware and your program manager has expressed a desire for a cost-plus-incentive-fee contract. You are aware that the law now favors fixed-price contract types for development but a cost contract can be used with justification to and approval by the program Milestone Decision Authority. What issues would you discuss with your program manager to arrive at a decision on contract type considering FPIF and CPIF as your two alternatives? sb MOCK

For FPIF overruns, the share ratio reverts to 0/100 at the Point of Total Assumption (PTA), at which time the contractor most likely will get pretty uncooperative as he hemorrhages financially until the contract is done. After a CPIF contract reaches minimum or maximum fee, the share ratio reverts to 100/0, and the contractor will work as long as funds are available. CPIF R&D can be incrementally funded. FPIF can be incrementally funded with the LOGO clause. Since fixed price contracts require delivery or performance for the contractor to be paid, FPIF requires a tighter specification and/or work statement and requires definitive criteria for acceptance of deliverables or acceptable performance. CPIF requires only "best effort" for contractor payment and generally has more flexibility for the program team to resolve issues without large cost penalties for the contractor. FPIF normally has a higher profit rate and earnings potential for the contractor than CPIF due to the risk situation. FPIF is intended for lower-risk efforts with higher confidence in the cost and schedule estimates, CPIF for higher risk and lower confidence in the estimates. Accordingly, FPIF contracts typically have steeper share lines (e.g. 70/30) vs. CPIF (e.g. 90/10). Steeper share lines result in less flexibility for the government to deal with problems that drive cost and schedule increases. In an FPIF contract, the contractor may lose money, but CPIF guarantees the contractor a minimum fee.

You receive notification from the Contractor they will submit a new CDRL based on request by Lead Engineer on your contract. The KTR will be sending an invoice since this CDRL is at additional cost. What are the ramifications of this notification and what actions would you take? sb

IDENTIFY POSSIBLE RATIFICATION (Ratification Processing Procedures) 1) Conduct CO Investigation 2) write determination (within 30 days) 3) would the CO mod the contract (scope determination) 4) Legal Opinion 5) Were funds available 6) Ratification on Mod 7) Thresholds for Ratification approval is <30K by COCO; if >$30K by SCCO or HCA

65 You are the Contracting Officer for a source selection and are in the process of preparing the RFP. A large business submits a query as to whether or not you will consider PBPs. What are the things you should consider before you respond sb

Is this a program suitable for PBPs? Is it Fixed Price? How complex is it, how many items are you buying, how long is the period of performance, etc. How long will it take you to develop a PBP schedule with events and criteria that complies with the FAR? Are you trying to award without discussions and will this add time to the evaluation process? How will you ensure compliance with the FAR section on PBPs. What about the dollars? According to the FAR you have to decide up front whether or not the PBPs will affect the best value. Should you be calculating the cost to the treasury? How do you compare across companies, such as one company wanting PBPs at the max (90% every month) and one company wanting progress payments? Are you excluding competition if you don't allow PBPs? If it is a large business, they will probably have an adequate accounting system and that won't be an issue. Can you award with progress payments and change to PBPs at a later date? Yes, but remember that might require consideration.

95 You are working on a competitive RFP and are nearing completion of Sections L containing information and instructions for offerors, and Section M containing evaluation factors for award. You have just completed a cross-check of Sections L and M to make sure that there is correlation between the contents of the two sections and you are satisfied that there is 100% correlation. Your program manager comes into your office very excited and tells you that he wants to include a request for additional information in Sec L. In talking to him you find that this new information request is not related to any other information requested from the offerors in Sec L. You also know from your work on the RFP that there is no corresponding evaluation criterion in Sec M for this information. You ask him why he wants to include the request in the RFP and he states that this is important information that he absolutely has to obtain for the success of the program. What do you tell the Program Manager? sb

It is critical that the information requested in Sec L be held to an absolute minimum and then be requested only to the extent that the information will be relevant to the evaluation criteria in Sec M. A sure protest loser is where information is received in a proposal, is not relevant to an evaluation criterion, and is considered in the final source selection decision. This situation is called an "undisclosed evaluation criterion" by the GAO. If the information is so critical to the success of the program, then why isn't there a corresponding evaluation criterion in Sec M that will consider the information in making the final source selection decision?

You are the Contracting Officer for a small organization that is very short of manpower to accomplish the mission. The program has a significant source selection coming up and is in the process of selecting the source selection evaluation team. The colonel in charge of the program office comes to your desk and asks you if it is OK to select Fred Smith, an A&AS contractor, to be the source selection Performance Confidence Assessment Group (PCAG) chief. What do you tell the colonel? sb

It is not OK. Support contractors are not allowed to access CPAR reports, the CPAR data base, or to serve on PCAGs. Follow up QUESTION: Is it OK for the support contractor to serve as a PCAG member? ANSWER: No. See first answer. AFFARS 5315.305

You are the Contracting Officer for a follow-on buy source selection. The current effort has had the same Program Manager for over 10 years. She began as the PM while still a Military Officer and then retired and was re-hired as an A&AS employee to continue to manage the program. She has extensive experience on the program and is considered a Primary "Go To" person for all Program-related managerial issues. The Program Director wants to utilize the PM's experience to the fullest extent possible and has proposed that the PM be listed as chief of the technical evaluation team and also a voting member of the source selection board. Is it permissible to have a non-Government employee (A&AS contractor) as chief of the technical evaluation team and a voting member of the source selection board? sb Acq plan/question 014

It is not permissible to have a non-Government employee as a voting member of any source selection board. FAR 7.503(c)(12)(ii). FAR policy states that contracts shall not be used for the performance of inherently governmental functions. OMB may review Agency decisions to determine whether a function is or is not an inherently governmental function, but a list of examples is in FAR 7.503(c). They include: control of criminal investigations or prosecutions, command of military forces, determination of agency policy and application of regulations, determining budget priorities, and direction and control of federal employees. Specifically, included in this list are determining what supplies or services shall be acquired by the Government on a prime contract and being a voting member of any source selection boards

You are working a $100M acquisition. The price analyst has received business clearance with 5% latitude. You reach a point where you don't feel you can go any further but are still well within your latitude. The PM suggests the team should just use the rest of our latitude in order to get it done. What do you do? sb clearance/question 009

Just because you have the latitude doesn't mean you should use it. The price still has to be fair and reasonable. Any move you make regarding price should be related to additional information you receive from the contractor or changes in risk. You have to be able to write to and support your final price agreement.

What are MIRTs/Peer Reviews, tell me all you know. What are they, Purpose, threshold, team composition, and when required? sb clearance/question 009

Multi-functional Integrated Review Teams are now required by AFMC policy (subpart 5301.90) to augment clearance procedures. The MIRTs are required at specified Critical Decision Points (CDPs): a) to review DRAFT ASP or Acq Plan, b) to review DRAFT Sections L & M, c) to review DRAFT IEB or DRAFT Award document (if awarding w/out discussions, d) to review DRAFT FPR request, and e) to review DRAFT SSDD. Membership must be made of cross-functional experts such as: technical or requirements activity (PM/EN/A1/A5), Legal representative, contracting activity (CO, chief of policy, etc). Membership shall not consist of anyone on the SSET. Typically no A&AS are included on MIRTs. AFFARS MPs 5301.9001(b) (2) - competitive acquisitions >=$50M meeting the criteria at AFFARS 5301.90 or whenever the CAA wants a MIRT, but mostly just pre-award and competitive actions. Peer reviews are a DoD policy, issued by DPAP for >=$1B efforts, applies to pre and post-award actions.

You have a contract for engineering services with a basic period of performance and several one year options for continued performance. The contract states that all options must be exercised by 1 October of each year. The basic period of performance has just expired and on 5 October you realize that you never exercised the option for continued performance. There is still an immediate need for the services. How would you try to rectify this situation? sb

Once the option has expired there is no contract. You may have to prepare a J&A (depending on your original authorizations) and enter into a bilateral agreement with the contractor to obtain continued performance by the same contractor. The contractor is entitled to renegotiate the price.

What are performance-based payments? When are they applicable? What are the advantages/disadvantages of performance-based payments? PBP are payments made based on the negotiated payment schedule in the contract. The schedule includes quantifiable events or milestones, definitions for completion of performance, and associated payment amounts. Applicable to non-commercial, definitized, fixed priced contracts. Must be agreed upon by both Ad - improved cash flow for contractor, less administratively burdensome for both Dis - little cash flow until payment received, more work upfront, sb

Performance-based payments (PBP) are the preferred financing method for definitized negotiated fixed price contracts when the CO and contractor are able to agree on PBP terms. The payments are made for performance measured by quantifiable methods or accomplishment of defined events; they are not payments for accepted items. The contract must include a complete, fully defined schedule of events or performance criteria, definitions of successful completion of events or performance criteria, and associated payments amounts. Payments may be established on a CLIN or total contract basis, and may be based on severable or cumulative events/criteria. Payments may not exceed 90 percent of the price of the associated CLIN or contract. The events or performance criteria should be integral, necessary parts of contract performance and may not include events such as contract award or option exercise. PBP amounts must be commensurate with the value of the events or performance criteria and cannot result in a negative or unreasonably low investment on the part of the contractor. Applicable to negotiated fixed price contracts not for commercial items. Applicable only to definitized contracts, and not available for use with any other method of contract financing. Both contractor and government must agree on use of PBP and payment terms. Advantages: Contractor can achieve better cash flow than with progress payments (up to 90% of price vs progress payment percentage of costs) Less burdensome to administer than progress payments, both for contractor and government (contractor prepares vouchers based on PBP schedule amounts vs tracking actual costs incurred; payment only made if contractor performs - no need to take action to suspend payment for lack of performance; no need to verify "progress" before payment) Advantages cited above should result in lower costs to government - less financing needed by contractor due to better cash flow; lower administrative costs Disadvantages: Contractor has no cash flow until payment event or criteria satisfied More difficult to establish than progress payments Current guidance subject to different interpretations - 90% of price vs maintain positive investment

What is difference between price and cost analysis? sb

Price analysis - involves overall evaluation of total price and is required for all acquisitions. Based essentially on data that is obtained from sources other than the prospective KTR. 2. Cost Analysis - involves an evaluation of each cost element to include profit/fee.

76 You are the CO on a new competitive program that is preparing for the System Development and Demo phase, and you are very close too issuing the RFP. The Col who is the PM comes up to you and says that the General at the user's requirements office has asked that a few significant last minute requirements be put into the RFP, and he wants to know what your thoughts are. What do you tell the PM? sb

Since it is difficult for a Col to say "no" to the Gen...explain the situation in the following manner. The PM should tell the Gen that there will most likely be a cost, schedule, and/or performance impact from adding the new requirement. It may be as simple as a delay in contract award, or it could be more complex than that. The Col has an obligation to tell the Gen that he/she will obtain all the info needed for the Gen to make an informed decision. The PM should also ask the Gen if the new requirements can be inserted at a planned future date, perhaps along with other new or changed requirements. The new/changed rqrmts could be added at a later date as a planned "block" or separate increment of capability in a planned, organized, and less disruptive manner after the current contract is in performance.

You are the Contracting Officer for a much-delayed effort. On Friday you finally receive the necessary authority to release the contract for signature. It's late on Friday afternoon when you e-mail the modification to the contractor for signature. The only person at the contractor's office on Friday afternoon is the Company President's 17 year old daughter who is working there as a summer-hire secretary. She knows her father urgently wants the contract modification so she signs the document and returns it to your office. You note the last name is the same as the President's so assume that he's the one who signed the modification. Is this a legal agreement? sb legal/question 010

Probably not. The elements of a contract are - offer, acceptance, consideration, for a lawful purpose, certainty of terms, and legal capacity. It is unlikely that a 17 year old summer hire would have the authority to bind the company, regardless of her relationship to the Company President. Courts may generally find that individuals lack "the age majority" if they are under 18 years of age. The law in a given jurisdiction may never actually use the term "age of majority" and the term thereby refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood. The age of majority is a legally fixed age, concept, or statutory principle, which may differ depending on the jurisdiction, and may not necessarily correspond to actual mental or physical maturity of an individual. In practical terms, there are certain specific actions which a person who attains the age of majority is permitted to take, which they could not do before. These may include entering into a binding contract, buying stocks, voting, buying and/or consuming alcoholic beverages, driving motor vehicles on public roads, and marrying without obtaining consent of others. The ages at which these various rights or powers may be exercised vary as between the various rights and as between different jurisdictions. For example, the ages at which a person may obtain a license to drive a car or consume alcoholic beverages vary considerably between and also within jurisdictions.

WHEN IS COST OR PRICING DATA REQUIRED? (TINA EXCEPTIONS) sb

Required for contract actions >$750k if one of the following exceptions does not apply ◦ Adequate price competition ◦ Price set by law or regulation - very, very RARE!! (i.e. prices set by local/regional Government utilities) ◦ TINA Waiver ◦ Modification to commercial contract or subcontract ◦ Commercial For modifications, threshold determined by adding value for increases and decreases ◦ Ex: $200k modification based on increases of $500k and decreases of $250k requires cost or pricing data ($500k+$250k=$750k)

Your PM is thinking about doing a risk workshop with the ACE for the program you are both working on. He asks you how a risk workshop would benefit the program and what impact it would have on the program's acquisition strategy. What would you say to the PM? Acq plan/question 013 sb

Risk management is the preferred method in the DoD for dealing with events that could impact the PM's ability to successfully execute the program and is the expectation of most senior acquisition decision makers when reviewing acquisition strategies. High and many moderate risks that are identified in a risk workshop should have handling or mitigation strategies, such as contract clauses, that become part of the acquisition strategy.

171. As the Contracting Officer, you were involved in a source selection for the overhaul and maintenance (which includes painting) of the C-130 fleet. The effort was competed among the incumbent ALC and several commercial repair facilities. A contractor won the competition and you issued a Requirements Contract, with FAR clause 52.216-21, for a performance period of one year. The contract also includes a three-year option. Prior to award, a Pre-Award Survey was performed by DCMA. DCMA verified that the contractor had the capability, quality control, and adequate capacity. However, after the first few units were painted, despite passing quality inspections, your Program Manager was unsatisfied with the quality of the paint jobs. He tells you that the contractor's paint job doesn't compare to the quality work of the ALC. Subsequently, your Program Manager directs the next few C-130s be delivered to the ALC for painting, where they still paint other aircraft. What would you advise the Program Manager? sb

Since it is very early in the performance period, the contractual limits have not likely been met. No other condition justifies exception, per the Requirements clause (FAR 52.216-21) in the contract. Therefore, The Program Manager will violate the conditions of the Requirements Clause by redirecting any work away from the contractor. The successful bidder's proposal was based on receiving all estimated work; subsequently, the Program Manager risks legal action (a claim) from the successful contractor. One point you might bring up is that the contract term is only for one year. If the PM is unhappy with the "quality" of the contractor's performance, even though the work complies with the contract, he should review the contractual requirements and determine if the quality should be upgraded on a later procurement. Perhaps, a higher quality requirement will result in less frequent paint jobs, thereby saving money. On the other hand, perhaps the higher quality is not necessary and not worth a premium to simply make the aircraft look better. In any event, the PM is obligated to send all work to the successful contractor for one year, up to the estimated amount, unless some authorized exception exists, like an urgency that the contractor in unable to perform. By the way, the Program Manager might be tempted to use the options as award-term incentives and convince the contractor to increase the "quality" of the work above the requirements. This could result in higher costs to the government. Also, changing the quality terms in the contract ex post facto may tempt the losing competitors to "protest." Before the Program Manager made any further moves, I would advise a meeting with legal counsel.

Delete Synopsis synopsis/011 sb

Synopsis of Proposed Contract Actions (Purpose) 1) improve SB access to acquisition information 2) enhance competition by identifying contracting and subcontracting opportunities Over $25K - must synopsize in GPE (FBO) $15K to $25K - display in public place or any electronic means. Post for at least 10 days

GFP 72a How would you address consideration on a Cost type contract being modified to include additional GFP (e.g., not part of the original contract), and what is your reasoning? sb legal/question 010

Textbook answer and preference is to reduce the base fee. After determining the estimated value of the GFP, you would get a reduction in the base fee on a cost type contract (if there is a base fee). This is because the GFP, in effect, reduces the estimated cost of the contract and therefore the fee associated with it should also be reduced. This re-establishes the original "balance" of the contractual consideration. In real life, if the value of the GFP is nominal and it is impractical to reduce the fee - you have a few other alternatives: requesting something of nominal value (additional copies of a report), documenting the file that your product will be enhanced given the use of GFP or document the file that consideration was obtained through "cost avoidance" (over-run for example). Bottom Line: consideration is required on both a FFP and Cost type contract, however since the government actually funds its own consideration in a cost-type environment it if far less critical of an issue than supplying GFP in a FFP environment without "adequate" consideration.

H In a Fixed Price Incentive Firm (FPIF) contract type, one of the most important elements is the Point of Total Assumption (PTA). Please explain what the PTA is. Bonus points: Can you tell us the formula for the PTA? sb

The PTA is A cost value The point where the contractor will now pay all overrun costs The contract in effect becomes a Firm Fixed Price (share ratio of 0/100) First time the sum of the cost dollars and the profit dollars equal the ceiling price All costs expended beyond the PTA are taken directly out of profit by the contractor The PTA can be developed by three methods: Visual estimate from a graph; Cost element grass-roots build-up to determine most probably cost overrun; formula The PTA formula is [(Ceiling Price-Target Price)/Government Share] + Target Cost

48 Please define a Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data and its purpose. What are some of the key things you would expect to see or review before accepting the certificate? There are several exceptions to obtaining a Certificate - please list some of them. sb

The definition is as follows: A Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data certifies that to the best of the company's knowledge, the cost or pricing data submitted were accurate, complete, and current as of the date of agreement on price or, if applicable, an earlier date agreed upon between the parties that is as close as practicable to the date of agreement on price. The purpose is to have the company commit as to the accuracy, completeness, and currency of submitted data. If the data is later found to be incorrect or appropriate data was not submitted, the government reserves the right to a downward contract price adjustment for any monetary damages incurred. Key things we would expect to see or review in a Certificate are: The certificate is in the format shown in FAR 15.406-2 Current as of the date of agreement on price or an earlier agreed upon date Signed by an authorized representative of the company and dated as close as practicable to the date when price negotiations were concluded Check for qualifications or new information disclosed by the sweep and evaluate its impact on the negotiated price Exceptions: Adequate Price Competition Prices set by law or regulation Commercial Item Waiver has been granted Modifying a contract or subcontract for commercial items

146 You are negotiating a Firm Fixed Price contract type with Performance Based Payments (PBPs). During the negotiation of the PBPs your team discovers that the expenditure profile in the PBPs has significantly more effort occurring earlier in the period of performance than what is included in the priced proposal. What is your analysis of this situation? sb

The expenditure profile in the PBPs and in the proposal must match in order to be fair to the contractor and the government. In this situation the contractor wants money earlier using PBPs than what is in the proposal and the proposal is pricing the effort later in the period of performance where the rates will be higher. This scenario could lead to advance payments, which is inconsistent with the intent of PBPs as a financing method.

J. One of your Program Managers calls you to tell you that she has just been allocated an additional $10M of FY10 3600 funds. She is very excited because she has a project that she really wants to begin and these funds will allow her to start. She tells you that the project will span 5 years and probably cost close to $100M when it is finally completed. She anticipates receiving additional project funding for the next 3 years but isn't sure how she will cover the costs of years 4 and 5. She mentions that she may be able to dip into a procurement (or production) funds account in years 4 and 5 to pay for project completion. She proposes that you two meet soon to discuss the acquisition strategy for this effort. What considerations would you as the Contracting Officer discuss with the PM? sb

The first consideration is propriety of funds. RDT&E/3600 funds are used for research, development, test and evaluation efforts. Procurement (or production) funds are used for the acquisition of items that are already developed. From the information provided it doesn't sound like procurement funds would be appropriate to complete the project in years 4 and 5, so you need to clarify the nature of the requirement. The second consideration is the lack of budget for years 4 and 5. If the funding profile indicates budget for only the first 3 years, you could not award all five years, but you may be able to set up options for the last two years.

*According to MP 5315.304 - Evaluation Criteria and Basis for Award evaluation factors and subfactors represent those specific characteristics that are tied to significant requirements having an impact on the source selection decision and that are expected to be discriminators. What are the mandatory evaluation factors on an Air Force Source Selection over $10M? Is there a mandatory subfactor in all ACAT program acquisitions? If so, what is it? sb

The four mandatory factors are: Mission Capability - provides an assessment of the offeror's capability to satisfy the government's requirements\ Proposal Risk - Assesses the risk that the offeror's proposed approach for the requirements of the solicitation will cause significant disruption of schedule, increased costs, or degraded performance. This factor is optional for acquisitions $10M and below. Past Performance - Assesses the degree of confidence the government has in an offeror's ability to supply products and services that meet users' needs, including cost and schedule, based on a demonstrated record of performance. Required for acquisitions equaling (1) $5M for systems and operations support, (2) $1M for services, information technology, and (3) $100,000 for fuels or health care. Cost or Price.

PRICE 36 You are the Contracting Officer on a new Research and Development program. Proposals were recently received in response to a Broad Agency Announcement, and a Cost Plus Fixed Fee contract type is anticipated. The proposal most favored by the technical team was priced significantly under what was estimated for the effort. The contractor proposed fee in an amount that equates to 20% of the estimated cost. The users have more than enough funds to cover the proposal and want you to accept the price as is. How should you advise the user and what factors should you consider in determining a reasonable fee? sb

The statutory limitation on fee for CPFF type contracts do no permit exceeding 15% of estimated cost for experimental, developmental, or research performed under a CPFF contract. Since the proposed amount of fee is outside the statutory limitations you need to determine what a fair and reasonable rate is that falls within the limitations. The FAR recommends a structured approach for determining fee such as Weighted Guidelines. If a cost reasonableness review determines the estimated costs to be acceptable, we can still negotiate and adjust the fee.

DONE *1279 REPORTS-DFARS 205.303 synopsis/question 011sb

The threshold for DoD awards is $7 million. Report all contractual actions, including modifications, that have a face value, excluding unexercised options, of more than $7 million. - For undefinitized contractual actions, report the not-to-exceed (NTE) amount. Later, if the definitized amount exceeds the NTE amount by more than $6.5 million, report only the amount exceeding the NTE. - For indefinite delivery, time and material, labor hour, and similar contracts, report the initial award if the estimated face value, excluding unexercised options, is more than $7 million. Do not report orders up to the estimated value, but after the estimated value is reached, report subsequent modifications and orders that have a face value of more than $7million. - Do not report the same work twice.

You are the PCO on a new $2B aircraft development program. The program is in contract negotiations for a Fixed Price Incentive (Firm Target) System Development and Demonstration contract award to a sole source contractor. The program director, a fast-burning young colonel, e-mails you that she is very concerned with the aircraft's ultimate speed at the full specification payload. She would like the contractor to achieve the faster, desired objective speed rather than the mandatory threshold speed, and thinks that an objective performance incentive would be the way to go to achieve her goal. You are asked to go to her office and discuss the matter and the issues involved in using such an incentive. What do you tell the colonel? sb

There are a number of considerations for the colonel: The desired additional speed should provide benefit to the Air Force in order to justify the expenditure of funds to achieve it. The colonel should be able to articulate the justification. The situation is very amenable to a classic performance incentive that would allow the contractor to earn profit for achieving the desired speed above and beyond what the final FPIF profit would be for achieving threshold speed. If the contractor perceives this can't happen, he will either not sign up to the incentive or will ignore it from Day One. The incentive and resulting payment have to be structured so as to be based on observable, measurable results that would determine how much is earned by the contractor. Subjectivity is not allowable under current AF policy without HCA approval. We have to be very careful to understand what possible unintended consequences could be caused by the existence of this feature in the contract. For example, will the contractor reduce aircraft weight beyond safe limits in order to help achieve the payment? Also, will the contractor consume excessive schedule to get the extra speed? There has to be a cost incentive in place so that the contractor doesn't spend an unconstrained amount of money to win the payment, such as under a CPFF contract. The FPIF share line serves this purpose when balanced against the incentive. The incentive has to be balanced with the FPIF share line so that the contractor doesn't spend more money to achieve the desired speed than he has potential to earn by receiving the payment. Similarly, the contractor can't be allowed to spend an excessive amount of money with little cost penalty to achieve success.

94 You are the Contracting Officer on a major competitive aircraft program that is preparing to issue the RFP to start source selection. What types of requirements documents would you expect to see in the RFP? sb

There are a variety of acceptable answers but normally at ASC we would expect to see these two types of requirements in a major program RFP: A. A Statement of Objectives (SOO) specifies all the objectives for the program in terms of business and technical outcomes and management emphasis. The Government normally would ask each offeror, as part of their proposal, to submit a proposed Statement of Work (SOW) in response to the RFP SOO to be evaluated as part of source selection and for eventual inclusion in the offeror's final contract if they were to be the winning offeror. B. A System Requirements Document (SRD) would normally specify the aircraft technical details that would be required of all offerors in source selection. Normally ASC's practice is that each offeror would respond to the RFP SRD with a proposed system and/or vehicle specification that would capture both the required features from the SRD as well as the unique features of the aircraft to be proposed. The system and/or air vehicle specification would be evaluated as part of the source selection evaluation, then would become the unique contractual specification for the winning offeror's contract. Regardless of format, the requirements documents should specify: 1. What tasks/how they should be done under the contract, and 2. What characteristics the product should have, how it should perform, how it will be tested and supported, etc.

You are the Contracting Officer on a contract for the production of a cargo transport aircraft. You are told by your contractor that a particular piece of equipment on the aircraft is made by a subcontractor who is going to stop production of that particular item and there are no other suppliers for that item. Describe what this problem is called, what questions you need to ask and possible solutions and authorities for solutions. DMSMS - Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages DoD regulation for supply chain material management recommends life of type or bridge buys. Other questions we'd need to answer include possible substitutes, cost/benefit for redesigning. How long and how many items do we need? Case by case basis that would need to go through leadership channels and potentially to SAF level. sb

This situation is referred to as Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Materiel Shortages (DMSMS). Among the questions you will need to ask is whether there is an available substitute for the equipment; can it be redesigned, and the cost and time for such a redesign compared to the cost of the current item; how many of these items do you need and for how long. DOD 4140.1-R, entitled "DOD Supply Chain Materiel Management Regulation" has the purpose of establishing requirements and procedures for DOD materiel managers and others who need to work within or with the DOD supply system. Paragraph C3.6 specifically identifies procedures relevant to DMSMS including the two processes normally pursued when a substitute or redesign is not feasible - bridge buys and Life-of-Type buys. This regulation states that you must establish the most cost-effective solution consistent with mission requirements when an item is identified as DMSMS. However there is currently no specific statutory authority for DMSMS buys for items for which the Government doesn't already maintain a stock level. Because of the void in definitive guidance in this area, currently these situations have to be addressed on a case-by-case basis via coordination through your chain of command, through SAF level, with the support of your staff.

97 You are the Contracting Officer involved in a very difficult Firm Fixed Price negotiation which is proposed at $120M. At the present time the two sides are $15M apart. The Air Force maximum position would allow movement of $8M. The Program Manager is concerned about the length of time the negotiation is taking and has asked you about the possibility of offering the contractor a 50/50 split of the present positions. What would you tell the Program Manager? sb

Unless the differences are small, the Government should never offer a 50/50 split with the contractor for the following reasons: 1. If the contractor says "No", which is very likely with this magnitude of difference, the Government Negotiation Team has nowhere to go 2. The credibility of the Air Force Negotiation Team is now gone since it is now obvious that only Government management can settle the acquisition 3. A move of this sort allows little additional room for management to adjust (in this case only $500K) 4. If you reserve the right to go back to your previous position if the split is not accepted you would be in the same situation as telling the jury to ignore the previous statement. In other words, the contractor now knows you can go at least to the split position and they will now negotiate with this knowledge.

What is the Economy Act, when does it apply, and what supporting documentation must you obtain prior to issuing an Economy Act order?sb

What is the Economy Act, when does it apply, and what supporting documentation must you obtain prior to issuing an Economy Act order? A1: The Economy Act is a law which authorizes agencies to enter into mutual agreements to obtain supplies or services by inter-agency acquisition. It may NOT be used by an agency to circumvent conditions and limitations imposed on the use of funds. It applies when more specific statutory authority does not exist. Each Economy Act shall be supported by a D&F and it shall state: The use of an interagency acquisition is in the best interest of the Government, and The supplied and services cannot be obtained as conveniently or economically by contracting directly with a private source.

142 Describe a situation where a fixed-price type contract may be appropriate in an R&D effort?sb

When levels of effort can be specified in advance, a short-duration fixed-price contract may be useful for developing system design concepts, resolving potential problems, and reducing Government risks. DFARS: Says no fixed price in development unless: realistic pricing & sensible allocation of program risk between gov't and contractor

7. In AFRL, Contracting Officers are also Grants Officers. They can award Grants and Assistance Instruments as well as contracts. What is Assistance? How does it differ from Acquisition? What gives the Grants Officers their authority to enter into assistance? What are the types of Assistance? sb MOCK

When the principal purpose is to transfer a thing of value, to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by law of the United States, it is Assistance. Acquisition, by contrast, has the principal purpose of acquiring property or services for the direct benefit or use of the United States Government. Federal agencies must be authorized by statute to support or stimulate a public purpose. The statutory authority from Congress must exist either in broad legislation or in a program-specific statute. Absent that statutory authority, a Grants Officer may not use an assistance instrument. Authorities to issue Assistance can be of three types: (1) Provide to the Secretary of Defense by statute, e.g., 10 U.S.C. 2391; (2) Authority provided to DoD components that requires no delegation by the Secretary of Defense, e.g., 10 U.S.C. 2358; (3) Authority coming indirectly from statutes, i.e., federal statute authorizing a program that is consistent with using a grant or cooperative agreement. Two types of Assistance are Grants and Cooperative Agreements. They differ in the following way: In a Grant, substantial involvement is not expected between the agency and the recipient. In Cooperative Agreement, substantial involvement is expected between the agency and the recipient. Cooperative Agreements, then, are particularly useful in the research arena when the Government is interested in being involved in program decisions or may be doing some testing or research themselves.

-You are the PCO for a major competitive negotiated source selection. The RFP, which reflects the user's requirements and is based on the user's budget, has a requirement for 220 cargo loaders to be delivered at 55 per year over the next four years. One offeror proposes to deliver all 220 loaders in the first year at a dramatically reduced price. Can you accept the offeror's proposal? What factors should you consider in your decision? sb

You can accept the offeror's proposal under certain circumstances. Firstly, what did the RFP say about alternate proposals? Is this a situation where requirements are changed and the other offerors should be allowed to propose on the basis of the changed requirements? You need to ask the user if he wants all 220 in the first year and are the operating locations physically able to accommodate their loaders in the first year. Finally, the offeror could be taken into discussions and asked to conform to the RFP with there being the possibility of not being selected for award or elimination from the competitive range if the proposal is not made compliant with the RFP.

90 PM had difficulty getting funding (stopped work last qtr due to lack of funds). Facing same situation this quarter. He wants to use procurement funding (3010) to cover the effort for the rest of the year. Previously, the effort was funded with RDT&E funding (3600). As PCO, what issues would you consider before taking action to obligate the procurement funds? sb

You cannot pay for RDT&E efforts with Procurement funds. This would be violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act. Bona Fide needs deals with time, purpose and amount. You would be augmenting the RDT&E appropriation with procurement funds.

FL 104 The end of the fiscal year 10 is coming up and you get a phone call from HQ telling you that several million dollars just became available - they don't want the money to go to waste and want to give it to you to support your requirements. Your Program Director urges you to use the money to buy spare parts for his aircraft which have been operating 24/7 since "the war" began. The Program Director has estimated the funds will by enough replenishment spares for the remainder of the war. Do you have any concerns? sb

You have two major concerns. First, you have to ask HQ the color of money and year of the funds they want to send you. Do not assume that they are sending you FY10 O&M funds. If they are sending you FY10 O&M funds you can use the funds for "operations and maintenance' but you will have to obligate the money before the end of the fiscal year closes out. Once you have determined the kind and year of money, you can address the Program Director's request. Since the Program Director is asking you to buy replenishment spares, you can use the money to buy these spares assuming the Program Director can show you a bona fide need for the spares. This means you can buy sufficient spares for a current need (which includes a reasonable inventory) but you cannot stockpile. Even if the contractor cannot deliver the spares in FY10, you still have a bona fide need of FY10 if the contractor can deliver the spares in a "reasonable" time. Here the Program Director appears to want you to buy spares sufficient to satisfy his needs for the entire war, a sure indication of his intent to stockpile. You will have to go back to the program director to find out the spares he can actually put on an aircraft right now plus find out what a reasonable inventory is for his program. You cannot use current O&M funds to satisfy a "future" need since that violates the bona fide needs rule.

You are the Contracting Officer for a well established transport aircraft program. The program is nearing the end of production. A Program Manager approaches you requesting that you issue a Broad Area Announcement (BAA) to support the development of a source list to supply active noise reducing headsets. The headsets are commercially available from multiple sources and the PM wants to receive performance specification sheets from each offeror and then request sample headsets be submitted for testing. The end result of the effort will be the development of a source list that can be used by various Air Force Bases to individually procure the needed headsets for the Base's specific requirements. The PM tells you that he will not be procuring any of the headsets as a result of the BAA. What do you advise the PM? sb MOCK

You should advise the PM that BAAs are a method of solicitation and can only be used if the Government intends to award a contract. You might suggest that the development of the source list could be achieved by issuing a Sources Sought Synopsis with the synopsis specifying the 2 step process (spec sheets first and then sample headsets from selected offerors), and the ultimate intent of the process, e.g., a source list for use by individual users in future procurements. You might also advise the PM that there could be liability issues associated with the use, handling, and return of the headsets to the offerors and that it might be appropriate for the Government to cover shipping and any damage/wear to the units for the testing.

You are the PCO for an ACAT 1 competition estimated at $1.5B. The PM is drafting the source selection schedule. Talk about what independent and clearance review are required and when. sb clearance/question 009

You will have MIRT at the five Critical Decision Points: 1) Review Draft ASP/AP; 2) Review RFP; 3) Review Draft Competitive Range Briefing or Award w/o Discussion; 4) Review Draft FPR and 5) Review Draft SSD Brief. PEER Reviews are also required on actions > $1B. They would review at three CDP: 1) Pre-RFP; 2) Before request for FPR; 3) pre-award

What is the current policy regarding the proper use of Time-and-Materials contract types for services?sb

he Office of the Under Secretary of Defense memo dated 20 Mar 2008 expressed a major concern in the trends and findings of T&M contracts for professional, administrative, management support, IT, and communication services. Some contracting activities are using T&M contracts to acquire as much as 60% of their annual requirements. To reduce the use of T&M contracts on orders, the military departments and agencies must assess their procedures and the HCA report obligations of more than 10% of its total FY07 services spending using T&M. The Air Force issued policy memo 5 Aug 2008, effective immediately, that all D&Fs for new T&M contracts and indefinite-quantity orders for services above $1M shall be approved by the Chief of the Contracting Office (COCO). Furthermore, regardless of dollar amount, the HCA must approve the D&F when the base period plus any option periods exceed three years. Solicitations shall not be released until the D&F has been approved. Jamie told us in class to study proper use of T&M!!! T&M - not in favor! - D&F @ COCO level to use - HCA level approval if over 3 years