Dr. Loes Management Ch. 12
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
undesirable long-term side effects.
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
Equity theory
Poor morale is most likely to cause
absenteeism
It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel
actually dislike increased empowerment.
Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that
the absence of maintenance factors may dissatisfy workers
Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?
A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee work 40 hours
What is meant by expectancy?
A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance
What is flextime?
A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period
What is meant by behavior modification?
An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself
Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?
An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
Content theories
The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was
Elton Mayo
What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?
Goal-setting theory
What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow - physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Hierarchy of needs
Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?
Job sharing
Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?
Morale
Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?
Morale
Which of the following refers to a set theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform?
Process theories
What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?
Punishment
What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating to its consequences?
Reinforcement theory
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
Social learning theory
Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement?
The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes
What are maintenance factors?
Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security
Frederick Taylor
analyzed jobs to improve efficiency
Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called
content theories
Motivational theories that assume workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called
content theories
The examination of input-output ratios, employee contributions, and the perception of fairness is most associated with
equity theory
In expectancy theory, if a person believes that extra effort will lead to high performance, such as a bonus or commission, we are talking about the person's
expectancy
When financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan reward employees with bonuses and other financial incentives for making risky decisions, they may find that their attempts to motivate employees
may sometimes have negative effects on the organization
To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _______ to perform their jobs.
motivation
Sue wants to be warm, but she is not; she has a
need
An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called
self-efficacy
The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to
the Hawthorne studies