Elementary Physics Chap 11
A nucleon has a mass of about
1 atomic mass unit/ 1 amu
Which contains more atoms? 1 kg of hydrogen 1 kg of iron
1 kg of hydrogen
What is the molecular mass of a water molecule?
18 amu
How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it?
2
How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6?
24
How many individual atoms are in a water molecule?
3
How many shells are represented in the presently known periodic table?
7
If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is
999 grams
How does a molecule differ from an atom? Give an example.
A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O.
What is meant by the term nucleon?
A proton or neutron
Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?
Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light.
What is a compound? Cite two examples.
Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O
What is a mixture? Cite two examples.
Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand
What are the five most common elements in humans?
C, H, O, N, and Ca
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?
Carbon
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on?
Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.
To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?
Gains
Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus?
Gold
What is the evidence that dark matter exists?
Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.
What element has the lightest atoms?
Hydrogen
Which of the following is an element?
Hydrogen
Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of?
In the nucleus as protons and neutrons
How does one isotope differ from another?
It has a different number of neutrons.
How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?
It is equal and opposite.
To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?
Loses
Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun?
Most are older than the Sun
How are most of the elements with nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed?
Nuclear fusion in stars
What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?
Radon
Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements?
The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits.
What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element?
The number of protons in its nucleus
How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere?
The numbers are the about the same, 10^23
Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam?
The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom.
What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet?
They annihilate each other.
Rank the number of shells in these noble-gas atoms from most to least: A. Xenon. B. Krypton. C. Helium. D. Neon.
Xenon, Krypton, Neon, Helium
Which of the following is NOT a compound?
air
A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is
an electrical force
Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in
ancient stars
The periodic table of the elements is a list of __________.
atoms
A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces
beryllium
Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in
carbon
What is the number of orbiting electrons in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral?
cobalt-59, cobalt-60 = 27,27 electrons
The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of protons in each?
cobalt-59, cobalt-60 = 27,27 protons
What is the number of neutrons in each?
cobalt-59, cobalt-60 = 32,33 neutrons
Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more
electric charge
What is the lightest particle?
electron
Atoms can be photographed by
electron beams and scanning electron microscopes.
The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their
electrons
The volume of matter is due mostly to its
electrons
The element gold contains
gold atoms
An isotope is simply an atom that
has different numbers of neutrons for the same element.
A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces
helium
One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in
helium
Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?
lead
Which of the following statements is true?
molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain a substance's chemical properties
A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are
mostly empty space themselves
The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________.
negative
If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal kinetic energies, which has the greater average speed?
nitrogen
Mass number refers to the number of
nucleons in the nucleus
Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because
of electrical forces
The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of
orbital electrons
Brownian motion is caused by
particles larger than atoms bumping into them.
Atomic number refers to the number of
protons in the nucleus
Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons
pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells.
Which is the smallest particle?
quark
When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is
released by the reaction
Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each
single breath
If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would
still not be able to see or photograph an atom
Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are
the same age
Which of the following statements is true?
there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by
thermonuclear fusion
The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________.
three
How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule?
two
The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is
unwanted diffraction and that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light.
Which of the following elements has the most mass?
uranium
Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus?
uranium
Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?
uranium
