EMC TEST 3

For the purposes of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a child is defined as:

1 year of age to the onset of puberty.

A healthy newborn's resting respiratory rate should not exceed:

60 breaths/min.

Effective ways of communicating with a hearing-impaired person include all of the following, except:

getting close to the person's ear and shouting.

In the absence of a prepackaged OB kit, it is most important to remember that you can still assist in delivering an infant with no more than:

gloved hands and common sense.

Sepsis is most common in older adults who:

have weakened immune systems.

As a child's body temperature rises:

his or her heart rate increases.

Even a minor cold can cause breathing difficulty in an infant because:

infants breathe primarily through their noses.

All of the following are common causes of altered mental status in older patients, except:

intentional drug overdose.

You have just delivered a healthy baby girl. Before responding paramedics arrive, the placenta delivers as well. You should:

keep the placenta at the same level as the infant.

If bleeding continues following delivery of the placenta, you should:

massage the uterus until the bleeding stops.

An older person who is hearing-impaired:

may be able to hear a low-pitched voice but not a high-pitched voice.

After playing with a small toy, a 4-year-old boy experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. The child is conscious and clearly frightened. His skin is pink and warm and he is moving adequate air. You should:

monitor the child's condition and arrange for transport.

A patchy skin discoloration is called:

mottling

CPR for a 6-month-old differs from that for a 20-year-old in that:

mouth-to-mouth-and-nose ventilations are performed.

An older person who has a malnourished appearance has most likely experienced:

neglect.

To determine whether the infant's head is crowning, you must:

observe the vaginal opening during a contraction.

Suicide in the older population:

occurs most frequently in men and results in more deaths per attempt because they choose more lethal means than do younger patients.

During delivery of the infant, the mother is usually most comfortable:

on her back with her knees bent and legs up and apart

The egg matures in the:

ovary

In addition to the contents of a standard prepackaged OB kit, you should also have:

oxygen if it is available.

Most partial (mild) airway obstructions in children that are not caused by a foreign body can be corrected by:

performing the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

Following delivery of the placenta, the mother continues to bleed heavily from the vagina, despite uterine massage. Her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is weak and rapid. You should:

place a sanitary pad over her vagina, treat her for shock, and arrange for immediate transport.

The _________ draw(s) nutrients from the wall of the mother's uterus and deliver(s) them to the developing fetus.

placenta

Because many older patients have a weakened immune system, they are especially susceptible to:

pneumonia.

The large, bruise-like blotches on the skin of an infant who has died from SIDS are caused by:

pooling of the blood after death.

An expectant mother is 39 weeks pregnant. She tells you that she is having strong contractions and feels like she needs to move her bowels. You should:

prepare for imminent delivery of the infant.

Contractions are timed from the:

The beginning of one to the beginning of the next.

The most common cause of dementia in older patients is:

Alzheimer disease.

Which of the following does not usually occur during the first stage of labor?

Crowning during contractions

Which of the following general statements regarding care of the pediatric patient is false?

Frightened children are usually able to communicate the problem to you clearly.

Which of the following statements regarding children and high fever is correct?

High fever can develop quickly from even a minor infection.

Which of the following statements regarding CPR on an unresponsive infant with a severe airway obstruction is correct?

It has the same effect as administering chest thrusts on a responsive infant.

Which of the following statements regarding the bag of waters is correct?

It usually breaks toward the end of the first stage of labor.

What would most likely happen if two doctors who are seeing the same patient for different conditions do not communicate effectively with each other?

Medications prescribed by one doctor may interfere with the action of medications prescribed by the other doctor.

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

The cause of SIDS remains unknown.

Which of the following statements regarding pregnancy is correct?

The length of labor is often longer in women who are first-time mothers.

Which of the following factors does not affect the injury pattern experienced by a child during an automobile crash?

Use of alcohol by the driver

You should be most suspicious for child abuse if:

a child's injuries do not match the story you are told about how the injuries occurred.

The bloody show is most accurately defined as

a mucous plug mixed with blood that is expelled from the cervix.

Dementia is most accurately defined as:

a progressive and usually irreversible decline in mental functions.

All of the following are obvious indicators of a sick child, except:

a strong cry.

Appropriate treatment for a 7-year-old conscious child with a severe (complete) airway obstruction involves:

abdominal thrusts.

A 4-year-old girl ingested a bottle of aspirin approximately 30 minutes ago. She is conscious and alert but complains that her stomach hurts. The child's mother tells you that she does not think her daughter ingested anything else. The poison control center will most likely request that you:

administer activated charcoal.

If a child's injury or illness permits, it is a good idea to:

allow the child to sit on his or her parent's lap.

All of the following items are included in a prepackaged obstetric (OB) kit, except:

an oxygen mask.

Common medical emergencies in the pediatric population include all of the following, except:

angina

Learning some of the basic injury patterns experienced by children will enable you to:

anticipate the injuries you may find during your assessment.

You are helping EMTs load an older man into the ambulance when the patient tells you that he cannot see and that he left his eyeglasses in his living room. The patient is stable and is being transported for a minor fall. You should:

ask the EMTs to wait until you can retrieve the patient's glasses.

You are dispatched to a residence for a possible miscarriage. Your patient, a 19-year-old woman, is lying on the couch. She tells you that she is 24 weeks pregnant, and that when she went to the bathroom, she passed what looked like a fetus. After confirming her finding, you should:

assess her for signs of shock, provide emotional support, and arrange for prompt transport.

If you suspect that a child has epiglottitis, it is most important to:

avoid examining the child's throat.

During your assessment of a newborn's pulse, you note that it is 50 beats/min. You should:

begin chest compressions.

You are caring for a 12-year-old girl who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress after playing with her neighbor's cat. The child's mother is present and tells you that her daughter has asthma. During your assessment, you can hear wheezing on exhalation without a stethoscope. The child is conscious, though obviously frightened. You should:

calm and reassure the child, place her in a comfortable position, administer oxygen if it is available, and ask the mother if the child takes any medications.

All of the following are common signs or symptoms in a child who has ingested a poison, except:

chest pain.

Back slaps and chest thrusts are performed on:

conscious infants with a severe airway obstruction.

The major risk associated with a prolapsed umbilical cord is:

cord compression during a contraction.

Vomiting and diarrhea in children are most often the result of:

gastrointestinal infections.

During the second stage of labor:

delivery of the infant occurs.

When inserting an oral airway adjunct in a child, you should:

depress the tongue before inserting the airway.

If you suspect that an infant has an airway obstruction, you should first:

determine if there is any air exchange.

Signs of a severe (complete) airway obstruction in a child include all of the following, except:

difficulty speaking.

Specific causes of cardiopulmonary arrest in children include all of the following, except:

emphysema.

You are caring for a 76-year-old man who complains of breathing difficulty. During your assessment, you note that he has hearing aids in both ears. You should:

ensure that he can hear you by speaking slowly and clearly.

You are assisting a woman in labor who is 34 weeks pregnant. After delivering the newborn, you ensure adequate breathing and circulation. You should next:

ensure that the newborn is warm.

If you believe that you are dealing with a case of child abuse, your priority is to:

ensure the safety of the child.

After fracturing a bone, it is common for geriatric patients to:

experience little pain and not realize the seriousness of their injury.

Once released, the egg travels to the uterus via the:

fallopian tube.

Hospice programs are designed to:

provide pain relief and other supportive care to patients experiencing a terminal condition.

You arrive at an assisted living center where a cancer patient has experienced an altered mental status. Responding paramedics are approximately 6 minutes away. While caring for this patient, it is most appropriate to:

provide supportive care and prepare him for transport.

Common observations when assessing an infant's work of breathing include all of the following, except:

regularity of breathing

The newborn infant should not:

remain blue for up to 30 minutes.

You are dispatched to the home of a young boy with a high fever. The child's mother tells you that the fever started about 12 hours ago, and that she called 9-1-1 because she was afraid her son would have a seizure. She tells you that she took his temperature shortly before your arrival, and it was 104°F (40°C). Treatment for this child should include:

removing unnecessary clothing, fanning the child to cool him down, being alert for a seizure, and arranging for EMS transport.

Circulatory failure and cardiac arrest in children is most often the result of:

respiratory failure.

If a woman's contractions are more than 5 minutes apart:

she can usually be transported to the hospital.

A patient with a hip fracture typically presents with:

shortening of the injured leg with the toes pointed outward.

Upon entering the residence of a 10-month-old boy, the mother tells you that her son would not wake up from his nap. After determining that the infant is unresponsive, you should:

simultaneously check for breathing and a brachial pulse.

Shortly after returning from a call in which a young child was killed in an automobile accident, you begin experiencing significant anxiety and helplessness. You should:

speak with a coworker or counselor regarding your feelings.

The delivery of an incomplete or underdeveloped fetus is most appropriately called a:

spontaneous abortion.

A high-pitched upper airway sound heard during inspiration is called:

stridor.

As the infant's head emerges from the vagina, you should:

support the head and advise the mother to stop pushing.

A child who is in the tripod position is:

supporting himself or herself with the arms while leaning forward.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with breathing difficulty. It is 11:30 PM and the temperature outside is 30°F (-1°C). When you arrive at the scene, you find the child, a 3-year-old boy, sitting on his mother's lap. The child's mother tells you that other than a recent runny nose and low-grade fever, her son is healthy. You note that the child has a high-pitched cough and noisy breathing. You should:

suspect that the child is suffering from croup, keep the mother and child calm, and arrange for prompt transport.

If you must move a visually impaired patient, it is most important to:

tell him or her what is happening and why.

During a breech birth:

the infant's head is not the presenting part.

During a normal delivery

theuppershoulder

Parents are usually very concerned about the health of their child, especially if:

they do not clearly understand the situation.

When assessing geriatric patients, it is important to remember that:

they may not experience classic signs and symptoms of many medical conditions.

A pregnant patient should be positioned on her left side because:

this will allow venous blood to return to the heart.

In relation to the rest of a child's body, the:

tongue is relatively larger.

The leading cause of death in children is:

trauma

You will achieve a greater rapport with older patients if you:

treat each person as an individual.

All of the following are signs of child neglect, except:

treated chronic illness.

Initial care for an infant or child with secretions or vomitus in his or her mouth involves:

turning the patient onto his or her side.

When suctioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

use a rigid catheter to suction the mouth.

If you are unable to open a child's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should:

use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

When performing chest compressions on a child, you should:

use the heel of one or two hands.

Seizures caused by high fever in children:

usually last about 20 seconds.

The external opening of the female reproductive system is called the:

vagina.

The presence of a cane in an older person's residence indicates that he or she most likely has:

visual impairment.