EMT Block Five
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: Choose one answer. A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. B. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. C. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. D. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure.
A
A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include: Choose one answer. A. irrigating his right eye laterally. B. flushing his eye starting laterally. C. covering both eyes and transporting. D. irrigating both eyes simultaneously.
A
A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should: Choose one answer. A. aggressively manage his airway. B. perform a secondary assessment. C. request a paramedic ambulance. D. suspect a severe hemopneumothorax.
A
A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. giving him small sips of plain water. B. promptly transporting to the hospital. C. administering supplemental oxygen. D. covering him with a warm blanket.
A
A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: Choose one answer. A. posterior hip dislocation. B. a thoracic spine fracture. C. fracture of the tibia or fibula. D. anterior hip dislocation.
A
A 54-year-old male patient has been involved in a car crash. Window glass has caused an open wound to his upper neck. Which of the following dressings would be best to treat this injury? Choose one answer. a. Occlusive dressing sealed on 4 sides b. Moist sterile gauze c. Self-adhering roller gauze d. Sterile gauze
A
A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should: Choose one answer. A. prepare for immediate transport. B. perform a head-to-toe exam. C. allow him to drink plain water. D. obtain a repeat blood pressure in 5 minutes.
A
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): Choose one answer. A. contusion. B. crush injury. C. abrasion. D. hematoma.
A
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. Choose one answer. A. 1 L B. 2 L C. 500 mL D. 250 mL
A
A patient has been critically hurt in a nighttime motor vehicle collision. She was wearing a seatbelt and hit a tree at 70 mph. The car she was driving weighed two tons and was equipped with airbags that did deploy. Which of the following had the greatest impact on her being injured? Choose one answer. a. Speed of the vehicle at impact b. Deployment of airbags c. Nighttime conditions d. Weight of the vehicle
A
You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving 100% oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration? Choose one answer. A. compression of the aorta and vena cava B. a total collapse of the affected lung C. blood accumulation in the pleural space D. hidden bleeding in the thoracic cavity
A
You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should: Choose one answer. A. turn the backboard onto its side. B. alert the hospital of the situation. C. reassess his breathing adequacy. D. quickly suction his oropharynx.
A
You have arrived on the scene for a patient assaulted with a baseball bat. As you approach, which of the following positions would seemingly indicate that he was struck and suffered injury to the abdomen? Choose one answer. a. On his side with knees drawn to the chest b. Prone with hands on the back c. Standing with restless movement and pacing d. Supine with legs extended and toes pointed
A
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: Choose one answer. A. carbon monoxide. B. carbon dioxide. C. pyruvic acid. D. lactic acid.
B
When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: Choose one answer. A. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. B. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked. C. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious. D. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious.
B
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. Choose one answer. A. 45% B. 36% C. 27% D. 18%
D
A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should: Choose one answer. A. perform a rapid secondary assessment. B. straighten his arm and apply a board splint. C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. D. place a pillow under his arm and apply a sling.
C
A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Choose one answer. A. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. B. applying oxygen via nasal cannula. C. preparing for immediate transport. D. performing a focused physical exam.
C
A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include: Choose one answer. A. covering both eyes and transporting. B. irrigating both eyes simultaneously. C. irrigating his right eye laterally. D. flushing his eye starting laterally.
C
A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes: Choose one answer. A. packing the nasopharynx with moist, sterile dressings. B. applying a gauze pad in between his lower lip and gum. C. leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together. D. placing him supine and pinching his nostrils together.
C
A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should: Choose one answer. A. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. visualize her mouth for obvious wounds. C. suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds. D. begin immediate ventilatory assistance.
C
Which of the following patients would the EMT recognize as suffering from an evisceration injury? Choose one answer. a. Female with a large flap of skin that has been torn loose from her scalp b. Female shot in the chest with "bubbling" coming from the wound as the patient breathes c. Male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound d. Male patient with a knife impaled in this right upper abdomen
C
Which of the following would the EMT recognize as a function of the skin? Choose one answer. a. Dissipation of internal cold b. Prevention of blood loss c. Regulation of temperature d. Elimination of carbon dioxide
C
Which of the following would the EMT recognize as the correct order of interventions used to control external bleeding? Choose one answer. a. Direct pressure, elevation, cold packs, pressure points b. Pressure points, elevation, direct pressure, immobilization c. Direct pressure, tourniquet d. Pressure point, direct pressure, elevation, tourniquet
C
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: Choose one answer. A. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest. B. recognize that he needs a needle decompression. C. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital. D. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam.
C
While working to repair a combine, a farmer's arm became entangled and entrapped in the auger. Which of the following statements made by the EMT on scene indicates an understanding of the auger and appropriate rescue operations? Choose one answer. a. "Do not worry about placing a pry bar in the auger; it does not contain stored energy." b. "Let's try to free the arm by activating the self-reversal feature on the auger." c. "We may have to cut the auger free of the combine and transport it with the patient's arm still inside." d. "An oxyacetylene torch cannot be used to cut apart the combine or auger."
C
You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should: Choose one answer. A. apply pressure to the closest arterial pressure point. B. circumferentially wrap a dressing around his neck. C. apply direct pressure above and below the wound. D. apply direct pressure below the lacerated vessel.
C
You are performing an ongoing assessment of a patient who fell off his garage roof onto the lawn. Although he had no initial complains other than general pains, he is having increased difficulty breathing. His color is slightly cyanotic and you auscultate diminished lung sounds on the right side of his chest. He has JVD. His pulse is 130, respirations are 28 with adequate tidal volume and his blood pressure is 100/80 mmHg. Your patient most likely has a Choose one answer. a. Pneumothorax. b. Hemopneumothorax. c. Tension Pneumothorax. d. Flail chest.
C
Hypoperfusion is another name for: Choose one answer. A. shock. B. cellular death. C. hypoxemia. D. cyanosis.
A
Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle? Choose one answer. A. blood vessels B. skeleton C. heart D. diaphragm
A
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: Choose one answer. A. pubic symphysis. B. proximal femur. C. femoral shaft. D. pelvic girdle.
B
A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: Choose one answer. A. carefully probe the wound to determine its depth. B. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. C. clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing. D. transport only if signs of shock begin to develop.
B
A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: Choose one answer. A. place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. B. transport him in the position in which you found him. C. apply full spinal motion restriction precautions. D. keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs.
B
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should: Choose one answer. A. apply direct pressure to the wound. B. follow appropriate standard precautions. C. place the patient on 100% oxygen. D. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment.
B
A student in a science lab has had an unknown chemical splashed into her eye. After assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation, the EMT would immediately: Choose one answer. a. Examine the pupils and structures of the eye for damage. b. Flush the eye with copious amounts of tap water for at least 20 minutes. c. Determine the chemical and whether or not a neutralizing solution can be used. d. Cover both eyes with sterile dressing and provide rapid transport to the hospital.
B
Crepitus and false motion are: Choose one answer. A. indicators of a severe sprain. B. positive indicators of a fracture. C. only seen with open fractures. D. most common with dislocations.
B
Distributive shock occurs when: Choose one answer. A. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. B. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. C. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. D. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain.
B
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Choose one answer. A. red blood cells. B. plasma. C. platelets. D. whole blood.
B
Rescuers are working to free a patient who is trapped in a grain tank filled with grain. He denies any injury, but is somewhat confused. The EMT would recognize that based on the environment inside the grain tank, the patient is prone to which of the following? Choose one answer. a. Infection b. Hypothermia c. Hyperthermia d. Insect bites
B
What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities? Choose one answer. A. sensory B. somatic C. autonomic D. central
B
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. Choose one answer. A. 27% B. 36% C. 18% D. 45%
C
A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes: Choose one answer. A. administering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. hyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min. C. assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate. D. ventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90%.
C
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: Choose one answer. A. fatty layer. B. epidermis. C. dermal layer. D. muscle fascia.
C
According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA. Choose one answer. A. 4% B. 6% C. 1% D. 2%
C
Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n): Choose one answer. A. epidural hematoma. B. subdural hematoma. C. intracerebral hematoma. D. intracranial hematoma.
C
When performing the rapid trauma exam, which of the following signs would be most suggestive of a spinal injury? Choose one answer. a. Pain in the right leg b. Bruising to the abdomen c. Persistent penile erection (priapism) d. Headache and nausea
C
A "whiplash" type neck injury is most often observed with what type of collision? Choose one answer. a. Frontal impacts b. Ejection c. Rollover d. Rear-end impact
D
With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the: Choose one answer. A. arms are proportionately larger than an adult's. B. head is proportionately smaller than an adult's. C. thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's. D. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's.
D
A patient has been pulled from a house fire. Assessment reveals him to be unresponsive with stridorous and shallow respirations. He has a rapid but strong radial pulse. Firefighters are dousing his body with water to cool him. The EMT would immediately: Choose one answer. a. Provide positive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask. b. Determine if critical areas of the body have been burned. c. Administer oxygen through a nonrebreather face masks and obtain a full set of vitals. d. Begin removing the patient's clothes to determine the type of burn.
A
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: Choose one answer. A. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings. B. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing. C. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely. D. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings.
A
An alert and oriented worker had his right thigh pinned between the bumpers of two trucks. Assessment findings include deformity and swelling to the right hip area and mid thigh, along with ecchymosis and edema to the right knee. The patient complains of excruciating pain to the right leg. Which of the following instructions given to other EMTs on the scene would be appropriate? Choose one answer. a. "Let's immobilize him to the long spinal board and then transport him to the hospital." b. "Let's put his leg in the traction splint to help align the femur and reduce pain." c. "Check for a pedal pulse and then carefully move him to the stretcher for transport." d. "We need to wrap the right leg in a pressure dressing and then elevate it for transport."
A
Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to: Choose one answer. A. reduce pain and swelling. B. prevent further injury. C. maintain extremity perfusion. D. enhance tissue circulation.
A
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. increased preload. B. heart attack. C. poor contractility. D. increased afterload.
A
Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. hematemesis. B. tachypnea. C. localized pain. D. chest wall ecchymosis.
A
Neurogenic shock occurs when: Choose one answer. A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. C. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury. D. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container
A
Scenario: You have a patient with suspected internal bleeding and cool, clammy, ashen skin. Her blood pressure starts to fall, and her level of consciousness is rapidly dropping. Which stage of shock would you consider this patient to be in? Choose one answer. a. decompensated b. compensated c. hypovolemic d. irreversible
A
The energy of a moving object is called: Choose one answer. A. kinetic energy. B. latent energy. C. converted energy. D. potential energy.
A
The term "hyphema" is defined as: Choose one answer. A. blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. B. inflammation of the iris, cornea, and lens. C. an acute rupture of the globe of the eye. D. compression of one or both optic nerves.
A
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? Choose one answer. A. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation B. viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction C. bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation D. widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection
A
Which of the following assessment findings indicates that a patient, who has suffered blood loss after being shot, is in compensated shock? Choose one answer. a. Alert and anxious, pulse 96, BP 134/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin b. Slightly confused, pulse 116, BP 112/90 mmHg, warm skin that is flushed c. Confused, pulse 44, BP 110/68 mmHg, cool and cyanotic skin d. Confused and anxious, pulse 144, BP 82/palpation, cool skin that is mottled
A
While doing a clinical rotation, you are assisting with the assessment and treatment of a 16-year-old basketball player who injured his ankle. The emergency physician states the x-rays show no fractures however there appears to be some stretching and tearing of some ligament. You recall this type of musculoskeletal injury is a: Choose one answer. a. Sprain. b. Strain. c. Dislocation. d. Fracture.
A
While working in a practical lab on trauma, the teaching assistant shares with you the tip "Splinting someone to death." This means: Choose one answer. a. Spending too much time splinting, neglecting care for life-threatening conditions, and unnecessarily delaying transport. b. Splinting too tightly, compressing blood vessels and nerves. c. Splinting too loosely, permitting movement and further tissue damage. d. Splinting without first applying traction or realignment, causing further tissue damage.
A
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with: Choose one answer. A. the potential for airway swelling. B. estimating the extent of his burns. C. treating him for hypothermia. D. preventing the risk of infection.
A
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: Choose one answer. A. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently. B. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition. C. begin documenting the call on the patient care form. D. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment.
A
You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive 21-year-old male reveals him to have sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and abdomen, with a section of his intestine protruding through a large laceration to the area around the umbilicus. He has lost a significant amount of blood. His airway is open and he is breathing shallowly at a rate of 28. His radial pulse is weak and his skin is cool and pale. Which action would the EMT perform first? Choose one answer. a. Start positive pressure ventilation. b. Immobilize to a long board. c. Check the blood pressure. d. Cover the intestine with saline soaked gauze.
A
You have been called for a male worker complaining of arm pain. On scene, the 31-year-old patient states that his arm was crushed between two heavy boxes earlier. There was minimal pain at that time, but now his right forearm is swollen and painful, especially with movement. He also states that the arm and fingers feel like they are "asleep." You note decreased strength to the arm and a radial pulse that is weak when compared to the left. There is no deformity to the arm and the skin is intact, although hard on palpation. Vital assigns are pulse 88, respiration 18, and blood pressure 134/76 mmHg. Given these assessment findings, the EMT would be suspicious of: Choose one answer. a. Compartment syndrome. b. Fracture. c. Hemorrhagic shock. d. Stroke.
A
You have been called for an intoxicated patient who sustained a full thickness burn to his leg after passing out against a kerosene heater. After ensuring that the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation are intact, the EMT would cool the burn with water and: Choose one answer. a. Wrap the burn with a dry sterile dressing. b. Carefully remove smoldering fabric that is adhered to the skin. c. Cover the burn with a burn sheet soaked in warm sterile water. d. Apply ice packs and secure in place with a sterile dressing.
A
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: Choose one answer. A. immediately request ALS support. B. perform a focused secondary exam. C. obtain a set of baseline vital signs. D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
A
A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what MOST likely occurred? Choose one answer. A. collapse of both lungs due to fractured ribs that perforated the lung tissue and caused cardiac arrest B. ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle C. asystole secondary to massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of the aorta D. fracture of the sternum that caused a rupture of the myocardium and led to a cardiac dysrhythmia
B
A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned? Choose one answer. A. 36% B. 30% C. 27% D. 18%
B
A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Choose one answer. A. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. C. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. D. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication
B
A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be MOST pertinent to ask him? Choose one answer. A. Do you take any over-the-counter medications? B. Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma? C. What does your blood pressure normally run? D. Has blood soaked through your undergarments?
B
A male patient who works in a steel fabricating plant has suffered a flash burn to his right arm and hand. Which assessment finding would assist the EMT in categorizing the burn as superficial (1st degree) , as opposed to partial thickness (2nd degree)? Choose one answer. a. Presence of pain b. Absence of blisters c. Strong radial pulse d. Poor capillary refill
B
A minivan has struck a utility pole. The driver is unresponsive and has life-threatening injuries. Which of the following would be most appropriate when extricating the patient from the vehicle? Choose one answer. a. Pull the patient from the car and immobilize in the ambulance b. Rapid extrication with cervical collar applied c. Vest-type short spine immobilization device d. Remove the patient and immobilize in the ambulance during rapid transport
B
A patient has fallen from a second-story window onto the concrete sidewalk below. She is unresponsive and has deformity noted to the back and top of her skull. Additional assessment findings include abdominal bruising and an angulated left ankle. Your partner reports that the patient's vital signs are: pulse 68, respirations 14 and irregular, blood pressure 198/110 mmHg, and SpO2 91 percent. Based on these assessment findings, the EMT would recognize: Choose one answer. a. History of high blood pressure for which prescribed medications have not been taken. b. Severe head injury with increasing pressure within the skull. c. Shock caused by bleeding occurring within the skull. d. Shock caused by bleeding in an area of the body other than the head.
B
A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: Choose one answer. A. conjunctivitis. B. a detached retina. C. acute hyphema. D. a blowout fracture.
B
A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: Choose one answer. A. ask her to move the injured eye to assess the integrity of the optic nerve. B. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye. C. carefully examine her eye and remove any foreign objects if needed. D. apply firm direct pressure to the injured eye and cover the opposite eye.
B
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: Choose one answer. A. apply a cervical collar. B. assess for an exit wound. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. auscultate bowel sounds.
B
After assessing a patient involved in a serious motor vehicle collision, another EMT informs you that he believes that the patient has a flail chest segment. Which of the following assessment findings would best help determine that the patient does indeed have a flail segment? Choose one answer. a. SpO2reading less than 90 percent b. Unequal chest wall movement c. Shortness of breath d. Pain with inspiration
B
During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should: Choose one answer. A. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood. B. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds. C. immobilize his spine and transport immediately. D. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
B
Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade? Choose one answer. A. widening pulse pressure B. engorged jugular veins C. a rapid, irregular pulse D. diminished breath sounds
B
Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: Choose one answer. A. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. B. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. C. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control. D. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.
B
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Choose one answer. A. liver laceration B. cardiac tamponade C. simple pneumothorax D. spinal cord injury
B
Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing's triad? Choose one answer. A. blood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min B. blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min C. blood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg; pulse, 30 beats/min; respirations, 32 breaths/min D. blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg; pulse, 120 beats/min; respirations, 10 breaths/min
B
While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: Choose one answer. A. a lacerated coronary artery. B. bruising of the heart muscle. C. traumatic rupture of the aorta. D. underlying cardiac disease.
B
While cleaning a gun, a 44-year-old patient accidentally shot himself in the abdomen. On arrival, you observe the patient on the floor lying on his side with his legs drawn to his chest. Blood is evident on his shirt and pants. Which of the following indicates the correct sequence of events when caring for this patient? Choose one answer. a. Transfer to the ambulance, rapid transport, primary assessment and oxygen therapy performed en route to the hospital b. Perform the primary assessment, administer high-flow oxygen, perform the rapid trauma exam, transfer to the stretcher, rapid transport c. Transfer to the ambulance, perform the primary assessment and rapid trauma exam, provide oxygen therapy, rapid transport d. Perform primary assessment and focused trauma exam, move to the stretcher for immediate transport, start positive pressure ventilation en route to the hospital
B
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: Choose one answer. A. open abdominal trauma. B. neck and facial injuries. C. blunt trauma to the head. D. lower extremity fractures.
B
With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct? Choose one answer. A. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle. B. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. C. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. D. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage.
B
You are dispatched to a farm for a patient who spilled fertilizer on his arms. Upon your arrival, you find a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical fertilizer. He is complaining about pain and burning sensation to both arms. You can still see the chemical powder on his arms. Which of the following would be the best way to manage this situation? Choose one answer. a. Have the fire department connect to a hydrant and spray down the patient from head to toe b. Brush away as much of the powder as possible and have the patient hold his arms under running water c. Brush away the powder and bandage the hands in a position of function d. Brush away as much powder as possible and then pour a bottle of sterile saline solution over the hands
B
You are on the scene of a shooting. Your assessment reveals a 23-year-old male who has been shot twice. The first wound is to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and is actively bleeding. The second wound is to the left lateral chest and makes a sucking sound every time the patient takes a breath. The initial action of the EMT would be to: Choose one answer. a. Obtain a sterile dressing and cover the chest wound. b. Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand. c. Place the patient on high-flow oxygen with a nonrebreather fire mask. d. Place direct pressure over the abdominal gunshot wound.
B
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: Choose one answer. A. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient. B. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once. C. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings. D. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport.
B
A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves: Choose one answer. A. binding the legs together and elevating them 6″ to 8″. B. applying and fully inflating the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG). C. applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg. D. applying a traction splint to realign the deformity.
C
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: Choose one answer. A. third-degree burn. B. partial-thickness burn C. first-degree burn. D. second-degree burn
C
A patient involved in an altercation has been struck in the side of the head with a baseball bat, in addition to suffering several blows to the arms and legs. When assessing this patient, which of the following signs and symptoms best indicates that the patient has suffered a brain injury? Choose one answer. a. Weakness to both arms b. Complaint of a headache c. Confusion and combativeness d. Ecchymosis to the side of the face
C
A spontaneous pneumothorax would MOST likely occur as the result of: Choose one answer. A. excessive coughing in a patient with pneumonitis. B. abnormally slow breathing in a patient with pleurisy. C. exertion of a person with a congenital lung defect. D. blunt or penetrating trauma to the anterior chest wall.
C
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: Choose one answer. A. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings. B. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing. C. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings. D. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely.
C
According to the American College of Surgeons, an adult trauma patient meets Level I criteria if he or she: Choose one answer. A. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury. B. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min. C. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 8 with a mechanism attributed to trauma. D. was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed.
C
An alert and oriented patient has had a portion of his hand amputated by a table saw. Assessment reveals the patient to be in great pain with a moderate amount of dark red blood still coming from the injury site. His airway is open and his breathing is fast, but adequate. The radial pulse is rapid and strong, and his skin is warm and dry. The patient's hand has been placed in a bag of ice by coworkers. The EMT's immediate action in caring for this patient would be to: Choose one answer. a. Obtain a full set of vital signs. b. Remove the amputated part from the ice. c. Control the bleeding with directpressure. d. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
C
At an in-service on shock, the presenter asks if anyone can tell him something about irreversible shock. Which statement made by the EMT would be correct? Choose one answer. a. "To survive, the patient in irreversible shock needs a large amount of IV fluids." b. "If the pupils are dilated, the patient is in irreversible shock." c. "Even with treatment, if shock has reached the irreversible stage, death will result." d. "In irreversible shock, the carotid pulse is weak, but the radial pulse is strong."
C
During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should: Choose one answer. A. apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and obtain baseline vital signs. B. immediately place her on a long backboard and prepare for rapid transport. C. instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment. D. perform a focused secondary assessment of the patient's head and neck.
C
In the case of trauma patients, the ideal goal for completing on-scene procedures and initiating transport is: Choose one answer. a. between 20 to 30 minutes. b. set by medical direction. c. under 10 minutes. d. 1 hour.
C
Proper care for an amputated part includes Choose one answer. a. Placing the part in ice water. b. placement in sterile saline wraps. c. Wraping in dry sterile dressing and keeping it cool. d. keeping the part warm during transport.
C
The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is: Choose one answer. A. cervical spine injury. B. mandibular immobility. C. airway compromise. D. damage to the eyes.
C
When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar: Choose one answer. A. before manually stabilizing the patient's head. B. after moving the patient to a long backboard. C. after assessing distal neurovascular functions. D. after the torso has been adequately secured.
C
When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed: Choose one answer. A. in an extended position. B. into a fist. C. in a functional position. D. in a straight position.
C
Which of the following care measures for a patient with a possible bone fracture can be an effective means to reduce pain? Choose one answer. a. Massaging the injury site b. Applying warm packs to the fracture site c. Splinting the fracture d. Administering oxygen therapy
C
Which of the following mechanisms would yield the greatest index of suspicion for injury? Choose one answer. a. Fall of 12 feet from a ladder landing in the mud b. Helmeted bicyclist losing control and falling off his bike onto a gravel surface at 15 miles per hour c. Fifty miles per hour motor vehicle crash with partial ejection d. Roll-over motor vehicle collision with a restrained driver
C
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock? Choose one answer. A. a 23-year-old restless male with cool, clammy skin and tachycardia B. a 32-year-old male with anxiety and a systolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg C. a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils D. a 28-year-old female with pale skin and rapid, shallow respirations
C
You have been called to a public building for a 32-year-old male patient who fell down a flight of stairs. As you pull up, he walks to the ambulance and states that he would like to be looked at because his shoulder and lower back hurt. You immediately take in-line manual spinal stabilization and examine his back, which reveals no sign of injury. How would you immobilize the patient? Choose one answer. a. Have the patient lie on the ground and immobilize in the usual fashion. b. Place the long board on the stretcher and carefully assist the patient onto the long board. c. Place a long board behind the patient and immobilize in a standing position. d. Place a cervical collar on the patient and transfer him to the stretcher.
C
Your patient is a short order cook who was splashed by hot grease. The burns are scattered and only cover small areas. You decide to use the rule of palm to calculate body surface area. With this method, the patient's palm is approximately: Choose one answer. a. 3% body surface area. b. 0.5% body surface area. c. 1 % body surface area. d. 2% body surface area.
C
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? Choose one answer. A. lateral impact to the spine B. secondary fall after the initial impact C. direct trauma to the spinal column D. energy transmission to the spine
D
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: Choose one answer. A. inspect the helmet for cracks. B. leave her bicycle helmet on. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. stabilize her entire spine.
D
A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 15 minutes. You should: Choose one answer. A. gently manipulate the elbow to improve circulation. B. apply a heat pack to the elbow to reduce swelling. C. gently straighten the elbow and apply an air splint. D. splint the elbow in the position found and transport.
D
A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: Choose one answer. A. begin CPR and transport at once. B. assess for entry and exit wounds. C. fully immobilize his spinal column. D. begin CPR and apply the AED.
D
A 45-year-old female was at a family reunion and fell off a trampoline. She impacted a picnic table with the left side of her lower rib cage. Your assessment reveals her to be very anxious and slightly confused. Her airway is open, and her breathing is adequate. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak and her skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are: pulse 132, respirations 20, blood pressure 102/78 mmHg, and SpO2 97 percent. She has ecchymosis to the left lower rib area as well as tenderness and instability. She has no abnormalities in her pulse, motor function, or sensation in the arms and legs. She also has a superficial abrasion to her forehead. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would suspect and treat her for what condition? Choose one answer. a. Closed head injury b. Spinal shock c. Hypoxia d. Hypovolemic shock
D
A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: Choose one answer. A. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. B. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen. C. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine. D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.
D
A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: Choose one answer. A. severe septic hypoperfusion. B. a ruptured aortic aneurysm. C. acute myocardial infarction. D. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.
D
A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: Choose one answer. A. acute appendicitis. B. intrathoracic hemorrhaging. C. an aortic aneurysm. D. gastrointestinal bleeding.
D
A burn patient has full thickness burns to the fronts of both legs and entire left arm. The front of the patient's right arm has superficial thickness burns. Using the rule of nines, the EMT would estimate what percentage of the patient's body has been burned? Choose one answer. a. 45 percent b. 32 percent c. 36 percent d. 27 percent
D
A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should: Choose one answer. A. mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution. B. neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with an alkaline chemical. C. flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport. D. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.
D
A football player injured his knee during practice and is in pain. His left knee is swollen, ecchymotic, and flexed in an upward position. Your partner reports that the distal skin is warm, and he has located a pedal pulse, albeit weak. Your immediate action would be to: Choose one answer. a. Place the patient on a long spine board and apply the traction splint en route to the hospital. b. Realign and straighten the injured knee and then immobilize it by binding it to the other leg. c. Apply a traction splint and straighten the knee until the pain is decreased. d. Splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital.
D
A person with pulmonary edema, dependent edema, jvd, bradycardia and a low blood pressure. You suspect what type of shock? Choose one answer. a. Non-hemorrhagic hypovolemic b. Obstructive c. Distributive d. Cardiogenic
D
A window washer has fallen 20 feet from scaffolding while washing the windows on an office building. He is alert and oriented, but states that he cannot move or feel his legs. His respirations are at 20 with good tidal volume, blood pressure is 82/48 mmHg and pulse rate is 84. His skin is cool, pale and moist. You suspect what type of shock? Choose one answer. a. Cardiogenic b. Obstructive c. Hypovolemic d. Distributive
D
Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: Choose one answer. A. referred pain. B. diffuse bruising. C. nausea or vomiting. D. distention.
D
An elderly woman has fallen and sustained a closed head injury. She is responsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly. When evaluating her airway, you note that she has both upper and lower dentures. Her upper dentures are secure, but her lower dentures are loose. Prior to providing positive pressure ventilation, you would: Choose one answer. a. Leave the dentures as you found them. b. Remove both the upper and lower dentures. c. Re-secure the lower dentures. d. Remove the lower dentures.
D
During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Choose one answer. A. applying a traction splint to immobilize her femur. B. carefully splinting each of her deformed extremities. C. applying and inflating the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) and transporting. D. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.
D
Hypovolemic shock occurs when: Choose one answer. A. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. B. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. C. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost. D. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.
D
If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: Choose one answer. A. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma. B. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain. C. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. D. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.
D
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: Choose one answer. A. does not cause pressure within the skull. B. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness. C. results from a laceration to the brain tissue. D. involves physical injury to the brain tissue.
D
Shock may result from a number of compromises or failures. All of the following might result in hypoperfusion EXCEPT: Choose one answer. a. Cardiac damage. b. Vascular fluid loss. c. Vasodilation. d. Vasoconstriction.
D
The ________ nerves control the diaphragm. Choose one answer. A. vagus B. intercostal C. costal D. phrenic
D
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the: Choose one answer. A. intercostal margin. B. costovertebral angle. C. anterior rib cage. D. diaphragm.
D
When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should: Choose one answer. A. defer cervical collar placement to avoid discomfort. B. secure the head prior to securing the torso and legs. C. place the child's head in a slightly extended position. D. place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.
D
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? Choose one answer. A. intestine B. bladder C. stomach D. liver
D
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? Choose one answer. A. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant. B. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. C. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration. D. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
D
Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct? Choose one answer. A. Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon. B. The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage. C. The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound. D. Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.
D
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? Choose one answer. A. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA. B. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA. C. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA. D. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.
D
Which statement made by the EMT regarding the traction splint indicates an understanding of the use of this piece of emergency equipment? Choose one answer. a. "Mechanical traction should be applied until the affected leg is approximately one to two inches longer than the unaffected leg." b. "Once the mechanical traction has been applied, the ischial strap must be released to promote circulation into the affected leg." c. "Once the traction splint has been positioned under the leg, and the ankle hitch is applied, manual traction can be released." d. "Mechanical traction should be applied until the mechanical traction is equal to the manual traction and the patient experiences a reduction in pain."
D
You are dispatched to a college fraternity house were a patient fell off a balcony during their Mardi Gras celebration. You find the patient lying on his side on the lawn below the balcony. The balcony is about 20 feet above the ground. He responds to verbal stimuli and is complaining of severe leg pain. Your assessment reveals bone ends protruding through a large open wound to his right leg. Your sequence of treatment for this patient should be to: Choose one answer. a. Manually stabilize the cervical spine; apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather; perform a focused history and assessment; apply cervical collar; apply a padded board splint, splint the extremity injury; and transport. b. Open the airway; assess breathing and check the carotid pulse; splint the extremity injury; immobilize the patient to a long backboard; apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen; and transport. c. Manually stabilize the cervical spine; assess breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize on a long backboard; check with medical direction about the need to splint the extremity injury prior to transport. d. Manually stabilize the cervical spine; assess breathing, pulse, and the presence of significant hemorrhage; apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen; perform a rapid trauma exam; immobilize on a long backboard; transport to an appropriate facility; splint the extremity enroute if time and resources permit.
D
You are dispatched to a near head-on collision. You are assessing the driver of one of the vehicles while a second unit assesses the other. The patient is a 21-year-old female who is alert and oriented. She was wearing her seatbelt and the air bag did deploy. Her pulse is 128, respirations 22 and blood pressure is 110/60. She has pale, cool and clammy skin. You notice her abdomen is rigid and tender to palpation. Which of the following is the most appropriate for this patient? Choose one answer. a. Apply a cervical collar, remove the patient onto a long backboard and apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen enroute to the nearest trauma center b. Apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen, apply a cervical collar, rapidly extricate the patient using a short spinal immobilization device, secure the patient to a long backboard and transport to the closest trauma center c. Apply a cervical collar, place the patient in a short spinal immobilization device, remove the patient from the vehicle onto a long backboard, and perform a detailed physical exam d. Apply high-flow/high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather, apply a cervical collar, rapidly extricate the patient onto a long backboard, treat for hypoperfusion, and transport to the closest appropriate hospital
D
You are dispatched to an alley for a person who was attacked. Upon your arrival, you find a male patient in his early 20s. He has a variety of contusions and a large laceration to his abdomen from which part of his intestines are protruding. You should do all of the following EXCEPT: Choose one answer. a. Cover the intestines with a moist dressing. b. Do not touch the protruding intestines. c. Use an occlusive dressing to help keep the intestines warm. d. Try to put the intestines back.
D
You are doing a clinical rotation when a young child is brought in for a closed head injury. While showing you the CT scan, the physician points out an accumulation of blood under the dura mater. This condition is called a(n): Choose one answer. a. Epidural hematoma. b. Subdural contusion. c. Epidural contusion. d. Subdural hematoma.
D
You are responding to a call for a 4-year-old child hit by a car. When assessing this child, which of the following injury patterns would you recognize as typical based on the child's age and mechanism of injury? Choose one answer. a. Head injury with deformity to both upper arms b. Left arm and leg deformity, head injury c. Bilateral ankle deformity, contusions to the back d. Deformed femurs, bruises to the chest and abdomen
D
You are transporting a patient who was shocked by an electrical current while installing a residential electrical service panel. He has partial thickness burns to the hand and foot where the electricity entered and exited his body respectively. During the ongoing assessment, which of the following signs or symptoms would be most concerning to the EMT? Choose one answer. a. Complaint of a headache b. Pain at burn sites c. Edema to the foot d. Irregular heartbeat
D
You are treating a patient who was injured while diving into a public swimming pool. She is flexing her upper extremeties to painful stimuli. Her vital signs are pulse of 50, respirations of 8 shallow and irregular, and blood pressure of 170/110. Her left pupil is dilated and unresponsive to light. Which of the following is your best course of treatment? Choose one answer. a. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and administer high-flow/high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather at 15 Ipm b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and assist ventilations with a BVM at 36 breaths per minute c. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and administer high-flow/high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather at 15 Ipm d. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and assist ventilations with a BVM with oxygen enrichment at 20 breaths per minute
D
You are treating a patient you suspect is having internal bleeding. As part of the focused history and physical exam you re-evaluate the mechanism of injury. Which of the following mechanisms of injury should increase your suspicion of internal bleeding? Choose one answer. a. High-speed motor vehicle collision b. Fall from a height three times the patient's height c. Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen d. All of the above
D
You arrive at a meat packing plant to find a 30-year-old male who was cut in the wrist with a sharp knife. The patient appears pale and blood is spurting from the laceration. Your immediate action would be to: Choose one answer. a. Apply 15 lpm of oxygen via a nonrebreather face mask. b. Obtain a blood pressure. c. Assess and manage the airway. d. Apply direct pressure to the laceration.
D
You have arrived on the scene of an explosion in a warehouse used to store fertilizers. A paramedic, who has already triaged the nine patients involved, directs you to a young man sitting under a tree. The man states that he is having excruciating ear pain. The initial assessment and rapid trauma assessment reveal no obvious injuries. Given this presentation, the EMT would recognize which of the following? Choose one answer. a. Secondary blast injury to the inner ear b. Ear damage caused by exposure to superheated air c. Inner ear damage caused by the noise of the explosion d. Primary phase blast injury to the inner ear
D
Your patient is a 45-year-old man who was struck by a commuter train. On your arrival the patient is lying on his left side and his right leg has obviously been amputated at the mid-thigh. The patient is ashen white in color, is trembling violently, and has obviously lost a lot of blood. He is awake and struggling to breathe. What is your first priority when caring for this patient? Choose one answer. a. Assisting the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve-mask and high-flow oxygen b. Controlling bleeding from the leg wound c. Finding the amputated leg d. Making sure there are no risks to your safety
D
Your patient was the unrestrained driver of a vehicle that went off the road during a snow storm and struck a bridge abutment. There is an imprint from the steering wheel on his chest. When you auscultate his chest, you note muffled heart tones. His breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. He has JVD. His pulse is 130, respirations are 28 with adequate tidal volume and his blood pressure is 100/80 mmHg. You suspect Choose one answer. a. Tension pneumothorax. b. Cardiac contusion. c. Pneumothorax. d. Pericardial tamponade.
D