Environmental Tests Tri 2

Both of these are environmental problems associated with urban areas

Brownfields and dust Domes

Cancer-causing chemicals, radiation, or virus

Carcinogen

What are the three leading causes of death in the US today

Cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer

The largest population that can be maintained for an indefinite period of time by a particular environment

Carrying capacity (K)

I need to increase the age of retirement, reduction in financial benefits for the elderly, not enough young people to support the elderly population, a greater demand for health and social services

Challenges for countries with aging populations

The Mediterranean climate of California

Chapparal

Biomes that commonly have fire adapted species

Chapperal, temperate grasslands, Savannah

Bamboo seeds lead to the domestication of what common farm animal

Chicken

High fertility rates are generally encouraged in developing countries because

Children contribute to the family's livelihood, children must care for aging parents, male children are culturally more desirable, so families continue to have children until male children are born, how fertility rates compensate for high infant mortality rates

The country with the current largest population in the world

China

Adverse effects that occur sometime after exposure to a toxicant, or after extended exposure to the toxicant

Chronic toxicity

The study of contaminants in the biosphere, including the harmful effects on ecosystems is termed

Ecotoxicology

Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans

Emerging diseases

A species in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or significant portion of its range is said to be

Endangered

Organisms that are found in only one place in the world

Endemic

Factors that limit population size are called

Environmental resistance

The study of the effects of toxic chemicals and diseases on human health

Epidemiology

A coastal body of water, partly surrounded by land, with access to the open ocean and a large supply of freshwater from the river

Estuary

How frequently does Mautam occur?

Every 48 years

Zoos. The conservation of biological diverse city in human controlled settings

Ex situ conservation

Mixing of layers. As water cools it sinks forcing nutrient rich water to the surface

Fall turn over

Services that enable men and women to limit family size, safeguard individual health rights, and improve the quality of life for themselves and their children

Family planning services

Tropical equivalent of the saltmarsh, covers about 70% of the tropical coastline

ManGrove Forest

The extinction of numerous species during a relatively short period of geographical time

Mass extinction

Commonly found on islands, often have small populations, have you natural defenses, represent a high percentage of recently extinct bird species

Endemic species

Cancer, reproductive problems, damage to the nervous system, and birth defects can all be caused by

Environmental contaminants

Usually small or microscopic organisms that float or are feeble swimmers

Plankton

As of 2018 the current size of the human population was

7.4 billion

To find out when the next pulse of rats would come, what was collected what from the environment

A pregnant rat

A population represented by a column shaped age structure diagram will exhibit

A steady rate of population growth

Adverse affects that occur within a short period after exposure to a toxicant

Acute toxicity

The effects of a chemical mixture is exactly what one would expect

Additive

The graphic representation of the numbers of males and the number of females at each age, from birth to death

Age structure

A distinctive ecosystem located in the higher elevations of mountains, above the tree line; characteristic vegetation includes grasses, sedges, and small tufted plants

Alpine tundra

They're moist, absorbent of skin makes them very susceptible to environmental contaminants

Amphibians

A lethal dose of a toxicant does not vary depending on

An organisms geographic location

An age structure diagram shaped like a pyramid is characteristic of a country with

And increasing population growth rate

When a chemical mixture results in a smaller combined effect then expected

Antagonistic

Light levels are in major determinant of the distribution of plants and animals

Aquatic biomes

Occurs in extreme northern latitudes where ever the snowmelt seasonally; harsh winter's and short summer; mosses and lichens

Arctic tundra

People who live in rural areas

Are employed in occupations which involve harvesting natural resources

In the fourth demographic stage (postindustrial) of the demographic transition the population will stabilize

At a population larger than before the transition, but with very slow or no growth

A factor that is similar in health and healthcare between highly developed and developing nations

Average life expectancy

A continuous, low level extinction of species

Background extinction

When this massive rat plague followed by a famine occurs what else happens on the same schedule

Bamboo flowers

Bottom dwelling organisms

Benthos

The number of different species

Bio diversity

The build up of a persistent toxic substance, such as certain pesticides, in an organisms body often in fatty tissues

Bioaccumulation

The increased concentration of toxic chemicals, such as PCBs, heavy metals, and certain pesticides, in the tissues of organisms that are higher levels in the food web

Biological magnification

A relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by similar environmental factors regardless of where it occurs in the world is called a

Biome

Usually confined to a large geographical area

Biome

The brown tree snake in Guam is an example of

Biotic pollution

The introduction of foreign species

Biotic pollution

Temporary population explosion of algae in the spring and fall

Bloom

Is the rat video demonstrating a boom or bust phenomenon

Boom phenomenon because the rat population quickly increases

What you throw away I can come back and hurt you

Boomarang paradigm

Areas of abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses and residential sites contaminated from past uses

Brown Fields

What did whales suffer during the 19th and 20th centuries

Commercial extinction

Catching wild life for profit

Commercial harvest

The solution to urban growth where you build up not out tall, multiple unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, and all are connected by public transportation

Compact development

The ideas and customs of a group of people at a given period; passed from generation to generation and evolves over time

Culture

Studied Baltimore in the 1970s and found that financial institutions did not deal consistently with different neighborhoods

David Harvey

And improving Socio economic condition of a country is generally correlated with

Decreased birthrate and decreased population growth rate

The progression from one demographic stage to another

Demographic transition

The application of population statistics and provides information on the populations of the countries

Demographics

The science of population structure and growth is called

Demography

The science of population structure and growth the applied branch of sociology that deals with population statistics and provides information on the populations of various countries or groups of people

Demography

Dry areas found in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions, temperature extremes, sparse plant cover

Desert

Small in size, many specialize desert reptiles, most only come out at night, they have adaptations for conserving water

Desert animals

And expansion in a government economy, viewed by many as the best way to raise the standard of living

Economic development

Variety of interactions among organisms in natural communities

Ecosystem diversity

Important environmental services, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and for tile soil in which to grow crops, that ecosystems provide

Ecosystem services

Lowest birth rates in the world and relatively low rates of population growth

Developed countries

These countries have low rates of population growth and are highly industrialized relative to the rest of the world

Developed countries

The solution to pollution is dilution

Dilution paradigm

The basic requirements of life do not include

Discretionary income

A graph that shows the effects of different doses on a population of test organisms

Dose response curve

Dome with heated air that surrounds an urban area in consist of a lot of air pollution

Dust dome

Causes 50% of the population to exhibit whatever responses being studied

ED 50

When food is scarce Mother rats will often

Eat their young

River or stream, change is greatly from the source to the mouth

Flowing water ecosystem

The condition in which people live with chronic hunger in Malnutrition

Food insecurity

The condition in which people do not live in hunger or fear of starvation

Food security

Organisms cannot reproduce and definitely at there biotic potential's because

Food will run out resulting in that's from starvation, living space will run out in competition for space will result in debts, predators parasites and disease will reduce the population size, water will run out

Princeton demographer that recognized the four demographic stages

Frank Notestein

Land that is covered by water for part of the year and has characteristics oils and water and tolerant vegetation

Freshwater wetlands

The social constructs that results in women not having the same rights, opportunities or privileges as men

Gender inequality

Equal access to education for both boys and girls

Gender parity

The movement of wealthier people that are older, rundown homes that are to be renovated, sometimes displacing the Urban poor

Gentrification

What are the reproductive adaptations black rats have

Gestation rate of 21 days, can wean pups quickly

Biome is known for having heard surprising animals

Grassland and savanna

In the post industrial stage there is

Greater affluence and higher levels of education

Encompasses environmental considerations like energy conservation, improve the air-quality, water conservation and recycled or reuse the building materials

Green architecture

Provide access to more food resources, reduce encounters with humans, facilitate exchange of genetic material amongst populations, increase the probability that suitable habitat will be recolonized after a local population goes extinct

Habitat Corridors

The single greatest threat to biological diversity

Habitat loss

Small streams, usually highly oxygenated, shallow and swift flowing, cold

Headwater flowing streams

Highly developed countries do not have

High fertility rates

The infant mortality rate in a developing country is most likely to be

Higher then in a highly developed country

Creation of Parks and reserves to preserve biological diversity in nature

In situ conservation

Organisms that provide an early warning of environmental damage are known as

Indicator species

One of the demographic stages where there is a decline in birth rate at some point in the industrialization process the birth rate slows population growth despite a relatively low death rate

Industrial stage

Open water; away from the shore; extends as far as light penetrates to permit photosynthesis

Limnetic zone

Shallow water area along the shore of the lake or pond

Litorall zone

Causes of death in children of developing countries

Malnourishment, malaria, diarrheal diseases, lower respiratory tract infections

Two indicators of human health in a given country

Infant mortality and life expectancy

The number of infant deaths per thousand live birth

Infant mortality rates

The young age structure of urban areas can be attributed to

Influx of young people from rural areas

Like other economists suggested that market forces and future technologies will help us prevent resource depletion

Julian Simon

Secretary general of the UN who warned that the millennium development goals would not be reached quickly

Kolfi Annan

A problem commonly shared by cities in both highly developed and developing countries

Lack of adequate shelter

The process of deciding the best uses for lands in a given area

Land use planning

One of the two subcategories of developing nations, we're birthrates an infant mortality rates are the highest life expectancy is the shortest and The GNP is the lowest in the world and a short doubling time

Less developed countries

Not characteristic of desert plants

Lianas with extensive epiphytes

The human population is increasing because of

Medical advances, agricultural advances, sanitation practices, improve water quality

Hilly temperature environment, mild winters with abundant rainfall and very dry summers

Mediterranean Climate

A city that has more than 10 million inhabitants

Mega city

Cities with more than 10 million inhabitants

Megacities

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by half relative to 1990, achieve universal primary education, prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability

Millennium summit in 2000

Goal is to transfer management of development projects to rural communities

Millennium villages project

In what state of Indiana does the nova investigation begin

Mizoram

One of the two subcategories of developing nations, where birth rates and infant mortality rates are higher than those in highly developed countries and there is a medium level of industrialization and a moderate doubling time

Moderately developed countries

Strong swimmer

Nekton

Would not be found exclusively in the benthic environment

Nekton

Is a mangrove forest and terrestrial biomes

No

Is commercial extinction permanent

No

When sound becomes long and disagreeable, particularly when it results in psychological or physical harm

Noise pollution

Characteristic known to make a species more vulnerable to extinction

Occupying a small range

Permanently frozen ground

Permafrost

A characteristic of certain chemicals that are extremely stable and may take years to be broken down into simpler forms by natural processes

Persistence

Example of an endocrine disruptor

Phthalates

The potential for future increases or decreases in a population based on the present age structure is

Population growth momentum

This can be discussed in a positive or negative context but explains how the future growth of a population is affected by its present age distribution

Population growth momentum

Correct order of an organizational hierarchy

Population, community, ecosystem, biome

Urban ecologists study urban trends and patterns in the context of four variables POET referring to

Population, organization, environment, and technology

Countries where there is low birth rate and death rate and the country is heavily industrialized, people are better educated and more affluent

Post industrial stage

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure"

Precautionary principle

Birth and death rates are high

Preindustrial demographic stage

One of the demographic stages where birth rate and death rate are high and population grows at a moderate rate

Preindustrial stage

One of the demographic stages where birth rate is high but the death rate is low and population grows rapidly

Transitional stage

Deepest zone, has no light penetration

Profundal zone

What has prevented polio from becoming a Raticate it on a global basis

Public fear and suspicion of the safety of the polio vaccine

Makes it impossible to determine the Carrying capacity for humans

Quality-of-life and quantity of people

The area in which a particular species is found

Range

What was in the bag that the villagers dumped out to count

Rat tails

Explain how the rat video illustrates R strategy

Rats being an R species are able to reproduce quickly and have large litters. Due to an increase in food supply, rats overproduce young due to the abundant food source in that area

Frequently caused the water to appear orange red or brown, they are caused by certain species of harmful algae that grow in large concentrations, no one knows what triggers them, they produce toxins that attack the nervous system of some sea life

Red tides

The number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves

Replacement level fertility

The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves in the population

Replacement level fertility

Improved agricultural practices, triumph over some disease, improvement and sanitation practices, improve water quality

Responsible for the rapid growth of the human population

A part of in situ conservation in which the principles of ecology are used to help return a degraded environment as close as possible to its former state

Restoration ecology

Compact development does not

Reverse the trend towards urbanization

What is the underground stem of the bamboo called

Rhizome

DDT was sprayed in a long island marsh over a period of years for mosquito control. A portion of the food web is as follows. Algae, shrimp, American Eel, Atlantic needlefish, ring billed gull. In which organism would a biological magnification be greatest

Ring billed gull

Fall and spring blooms occur in large temperate lakes because

Run off from rain brings in additional nutrients at these times, changes in air temperature cause a change in the temperature of surface waters, the density of surface and deep waters become similar, nutrient rich deep waters mix with sunlight surface waters containing populations of producers

Concentration of dissolved salts in a body of water

Salinity

The warehousing of plant genetic material

Seed bank

Hans Rosling says Providing more food, improving child survival, making water better, and providing education for all will

Slow down population growth

This type of structure suggests a smaller proportion of the population will become parents of the next generation

Small, tapered base

And urban planning and transportation strategy that mixes land uses

Smart growth

Have destroyed much of the arctic fragile coastal ecosystem due to increased forging

Snowgeese

Caused by the vibrations in the air that reaches the ears and stimulate a sensation of hearing

Sound

Where on earth does Mautam occur

Southeast Asia

Endemic to islands, low reproductive success, occupation of a large territory or region

Species that are vulnerable to extinction

Mixing of layers as ice melts and surface water reaches 4°C it sinks forcing nutrient rich water to the surface

Spring turn over

Lakes characterized by zonation

Standing water ecosystem

During flowering what insect is common and also edible

Stink bugs

A patchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of cities

Suburban sprawl

a city with the livable environment, a strong economy, and a social and cultural sense of community. Then Hance the well-being of current and future generations of Urban dwellers

Sustainable city

Green space, recycling, urban farmers, solar energy

Sustainable urban development

When a chemical mixture has a greater combined effects than expected

Synergistic

South of the tundra, also called the boreal forest; spruce and pine

Taiga

Hot summers and cold winters, 75 cm to 126 cm of precipitation; hardwood trees

Temperate deciduous forest

Hot summers and cold winters, rainfall is uncertain: herds of grazing animals

Temperate grassland

Occurs in the west coast of North America, annual precipitation is from 200 cm to 380 cm year; fog, Douglasfir and epiphytes

Temperate rainforest

Environmental catastrophe that was largely responsible for replacement of the dilution paradigm by the boomerang paradigm

The accumulation of the pesticide DDT in birds at the top of the food web

What triggers Mautam

The flowering of bamboo

Explain how the rat video illustrates carrying capacity

The rat population eventually becomes too large for its food source, and they must eat their young

The marked layering of large lakes caused by how far light penetrates

Thermal stratification

Sharp temperature transition

Thermocline

Why are children more susceptible to pesticides

They weigh substantially less

A scientist to first sound of the alarm about the growth of the human population and the ability of the earth to handle large population of humans was

Thomas Malthus

British economist who suggested that human population growth is not always desirable and that population can increase faster than food supply

Thomas Malthus

The maximum dose with no measurable effect, what the minimum dose with a measurable effect

Threshold

Based on this research concluded that future crops can be saved from rats by

Timing the plantings

The average number of children born to each woman. Currently it is 2.7 in 1998 it was 3.0

Total fertility rate

A very productive biome earth; it is on excel in species diversity and variety

Tropical rain forest

Which biome has the highest biodiversity

Tropical rain forest

In temperate lakes mixing of the water layers called_______ and caused by _________

Turnover, thermal stratification

And urbanized core region that consists several adjacent cities or megacities and their surrounding development suburbs

Urban agglomeration

The study of urban processes, trends, and patterns that use both natural science and social sciences

Urban ecology

A heterogeneous, dynamic urban area studied in the context of a broader ecological system

Urban ecosystem

A result of urbanization caused by the fact that building, paved streets and human activities retain heat and slowly return it to the atmosphere causing cloudy weather and an increase in rain

Urban heat island

Increase number of thunderstorms over cities in summer months and linger dust storms over cities

Urban heat island

Growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries

Urbanization

The process by which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities

Urbanization

Areas restricted to specific land-use, such as commercial, residential or industrial

Use zone

A way of life that involves wanting and spending less

Voluntary simplicity

Support high species diversity, reduce flooding by slowing the velocity of runoff water, help recharge groundwater aqua fires, they sometimes detoxify substances in water

Wetlands

Explain how the rat video illustrates environmental resistance

When the bamboo runs out, rats must find a different source aka rice to sustain their population

Are not always damaging for natural environments, release nutrient minerals that were locked and dryer were going to material, can I have an increased negative affects from the efforts to prevent them, or increasing due to climate change

Wildfires

When it was examined that the rats had eaten crops at a nearby village, he found that all the rats were

Young

When the birth rate equals the death rate

Zero population growth

Tropical grassland

savanna