Environmental Tests Tri 2
Both of these are environmental problems associated with urban areas
Brownfields and dust Domes
Cancer-causing chemicals, radiation, or virus
Carcinogen
What are the three leading causes of death in the US today
Cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer
The largest population that can be maintained for an indefinite period of time by a particular environment
Carrying capacity (K)
I need to increase the age of retirement, reduction in financial benefits for the elderly, not enough young people to support the elderly population, a greater demand for health and social services
Challenges for countries with aging populations
The Mediterranean climate of California
Chapparal
Biomes that commonly have fire adapted species
Chapperal, temperate grasslands, Savannah
Bamboo seeds lead to the domestication of what common farm animal
Chicken
High fertility rates are generally encouraged in developing countries because
Children contribute to the family's livelihood, children must care for aging parents, male children are culturally more desirable, so families continue to have children until male children are born, how fertility rates compensate for high infant mortality rates
The country with the current largest population in the world
China
Adverse effects that occur sometime after exposure to a toxicant, or after extended exposure to the toxicant
Chronic toxicity
The study of contaminants in the biosphere, including the harmful effects on ecosystems is termed
Ecotoxicology
Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans
Emerging diseases
A species in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or significant portion of its range is said to be
Endangered
Organisms that are found in only one place in the world
Endemic
Factors that limit population size are called
Environmental resistance
The study of the effects of toxic chemicals and diseases on human health
Epidemiology
A coastal body of water, partly surrounded by land, with access to the open ocean and a large supply of freshwater from the river
Estuary
How frequently does Mautam occur?
Every 48 years
Zoos. The conservation of biological diverse city in human controlled settings
Ex situ conservation
Mixing of layers. As water cools it sinks forcing nutrient rich water to the surface
Fall turn over
Services that enable men and women to limit family size, safeguard individual health rights, and improve the quality of life for themselves and their children
Family planning services
Tropical equivalent of the saltmarsh, covers about 70% of the tropical coastline
ManGrove Forest
The extinction of numerous species during a relatively short period of geographical time
Mass extinction
Commonly found on islands, often have small populations, have you natural defenses, represent a high percentage of recently extinct bird species
Endemic species
Cancer, reproductive problems, damage to the nervous system, and birth defects can all be caused by
Environmental contaminants
Usually small or microscopic organisms that float or are feeble swimmers
Plankton
As of 2018 the current size of the human population was
7.4 billion
To find out when the next pulse of rats would come, what was collected what from the environment
A pregnant rat
A population represented by a column shaped age structure diagram will exhibit
A steady rate of population growth
Adverse affects that occur within a short period after exposure to a toxicant
Acute toxicity
The effects of a chemical mixture is exactly what one would expect
Additive
The graphic representation of the numbers of males and the number of females at each age, from birth to death
Age structure
A distinctive ecosystem located in the higher elevations of mountains, above the tree line; characteristic vegetation includes grasses, sedges, and small tufted plants
Alpine tundra
They're moist, absorbent of skin makes them very susceptible to environmental contaminants
Amphibians
A lethal dose of a toxicant does not vary depending on
An organisms geographic location
An age structure diagram shaped like a pyramid is characteristic of a country with
And increasing population growth rate
When a chemical mixture results in a smaller combined effect then expected
Antagonistic
Light levels are in major determinant of the distribution of plants and animals
Aquatic biomes
Occurs in extreme northern latitudes where ever the snowmelt seasonally; harsh winter's and short summer; mosses and lichens
Arctic tundra
People who live in rural areas
Are employed in occupations which involve harvesting natural resources
In the fourth demographic stage (postindustrial) of the demographic transition the population will stabilize
At a population larger than before the transition, but with very slow or no growth
A factor that is similar in health and healthcare between highly developed and developing nations
Average life expectancy
A continuous, low level extinction of species
Background extinction
When this massive rat plague followed by a famine occurs what else happens on the same schedule
Bamboo flowers
Bottom dwelling organisms
Benthos
The number of different species
Bio diversity
The build up of a persistent toxic substance, such as certain pesticides, in an organisms body often in fatty tissues
Bioaccumulation
The increased concentration of toxic chemicals, such as PCBs, heavy metals, and certain pesticides, in the tissues of organisms that are higher levels in the food web
Biological magnification
A relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by similar environmental factors regardless of where it occurs in the world is called a
Biome
Usually confined to a large geographical area
Biome
The brown tree snake in Guam is an example of
Biotic pollution
The introduction of foreign species
Biotic pollution
Temporary population explosion of algae in the spring and fall
Bloom
Is the rat video demonstrating a boom or bust phenomenon
Boom phenomenon because the rat population quickly increases
What you throw away I can come back and hurt you
Boomarang paradigm
Areas of abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses and residential sites contaminated from past uses
Brown Fields
What did whales suffer during the 19th and 20th centuries
Commercial extinction
Catching wild life for profit
Commercial harvest
The solution to urban growth where you build up not out tall, multiple unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, and all are connected by public transportation
Compact development
The ideas and customs of a group of people at a given period; passed from generation to generation and evolves over time
Culture
Studied Baltimore in the 1970s and found that financial institutions did not deal consistently with different neighborhoods
David Harvey
And improving Socio economic condition of a country is generally correlated with
Decreased birthrate and decreased population growth rate
The progression from one demographic stage to another
Demographic transition
The application of population statistics and provides information on the populations of the countries
Demographics
The science of population structure and growth is called
Demography
The science of population structure and growth the applied branch of sociology that deals with population statistics and provides information on the populations of various countries or groups of people
Demography
Dry areas found in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions, temperature extremes, sparse plant cover
Desert
Small in size, many specialize desert reptiles, most only come out at night, they have adaptations for conserving water
Desert animals
And expansion in a government economy, viewed by many as the best way to raise the standard of living
Economic development
Variety of interactions among organisms in natural communities
Ecosystem diversity
Important environmental services, such as clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and for tile soil in which to grow crops, that ecosystems provide
Ecosystem services
Lowest birth rates in the world and relatively low rates of population growth
Developed countries
These countries have low rates of population growth and are highly industrialized relative to the rest of the world
Developed countries
The solution to pollution is dilution
Dilution paradigm
The basic requirements of life do not include
Discretionary income
A graph that shows the effects of different doses on a population of test organisms
Dose response curve
Dome with heated air that surrounds an urban area in consist of a lot of air pollution
Dust dome
Causes 50% of the population to exhibit whatever responses being studied
ED 50
When food is scarce Mother rats will often
Eat their young
River or stream, change is greatly from the source to the mouth
Flowing water ecosystem
The condition in which people live with chronic hunger in Malnutrition
Food insecurity
The condition in which people do not live in hunger or fear of starvation
Food security
Organisms cannot reproduce and definitely at there biotic potential's because
Food will run out resulting in that's from starvation, living space will run out in competition for space will result in debts, predators parasites and disease will reduce the population size, water will run out
Princeton demographer that recognized the four demographic stages
Frank Notestein
Land that is covered by water for part of the year and has characteristics oils and water and tolerant vegetation
Freshwater wetlands
The social constructs that results in women not having the same rights, opportunities or privileges as men
Gender inequality
Equal access to education for both boys and girls
Gender parity
The movement of wealthier people that are older, rundown homes that are to be renovated, sometimes displacing the Urban poor
Gentrification
What are the reproductive adaptations black rats have
Gestation rate of 21 days, can wean pups quickly
Biome is known for having heard surprising animals
Grassland and savanna
In the post industrial stage there is
Greater affluence and higher levels of education
Encompasses environmental considerations like energy conservation, improve the air-quality, water conservation and recycled or reuse the building materials
Green architecture
Provide access to more food resources, reduce encounters with humans, facilitate exchange of genetic material amongst populations, increase the probability that suitable habitat will be recolonized after a local population goes extinct
Habitat Corridors
The single greatest threat to biological diversity
Habitat loss
Small streams, usually highly oxygenated, shallow and swift flowing, cold
Headwater flowing streams
Highly developed countries do not have
High fertility rates
The infant mortality rate in a developing country is most likely to be
Higher then in a highly developed country
Creation of Parks and reserves to preserve biological diversity in nature
In situ conservation
Organisms that provide an early warning of environmental damage are known as
Indicator species
One of the demographic stages where there is a decline in birth rate at some point in the industrialization process the birth rate slows population growth despite a relatively low death rate
Industrial stage
Open water; away from the shore; extends as far as light penetrates to permit photosynthesis
Limnetic zone
Shallow water area along the shore of the lake or pond
Litorall zone
Causes of death in children of developing countries
Malnourishment, malaria, diarrheal diseases, lower respiratory tract infections
Two indicators of human health in a given country
Infant mortality and life expectancy
The number of infant deaths per thousand live birth
Infant mortality rates
The young age structure of urban areas can be attributed to
Influx of young people from rural areas
Like other economists suggested that market forces and future technologies will help us prevent resource depletion
Julian Simon
Secretary general of the UN who warned that the millennium development goals would not be reached quickly
Kolfi Annan
A problem commonly shared by cities in both highly developed and developing countries
Lack of adequate shelter
The process of deciding the best uses for lands in a given area
Land use planning
One of the two subcategories of developing nations, we're birthrates an infant mortality rates are the highest life expectancy is the shortest and The GNP is the lowest in the world and a short doubling time
Less developed countries
Not characteristic of desert plants
Lianas with extensive epiphytes
The human population is increasing because of
Medical advances, agricultural advances, sanitation practices, improve water quality
Hilly temperature environment, mild winters with abundant rainfall and very dry summers
Mediterranean Climate
A city that has more than 10 million inhabitants
Mega city
Cities with more than 10 million inhabitants
Megacities
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by half relative to 1990, achieve universal primary education, prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability
Millennium summit in 2000
Goal is to transfer management of development projects to rural communities
Millennium villages project
In what state of Indiana does the nova investigation begin
Mizoram
One of the two subcategories of developing nations, where birth rates and infant mortality rates are higher than those in highly developed countries and there is a medium level of industrialization and a moderate doubling time
Moderately developed countries
Strong swimmer
Nekton
Would not be found exclusively in the benthic environment
Nekton
Is a mangrove forest and terrestrial biomes
No
Is commercial extinction permanent
No
When sound becomes long and disagreeable, particularly when it results in psychological or physical harm
Noise pollution
Characteristic known to make a species more vulnerable to extinction
Occupying a small range
Permanently frozen ground
Permafrost
A characteristic of certain chemicals that are extremely stable and may take years to be broken down into simpler forms by natural processes
Persistence
Example of an endocrine disruptor
Phthalates
The potential for future increases or decreases in a population based on the present age structure is
Population growth momentum
This can be discussed in a positive or negative context but explains how the future growth of a population is affected by its present age distribution
Population growth momentum
Correct order of an organizational hierarchy
Population, community, ecosystem, biome
Urban ecologists study urban trends and patterns in the context of four variables POET referring to
Population, organization, environment, and technology
Countries where there is low birth rate and death rate and the country is heavily industrialized, people are better educated and more affluent
Post industrial stage
"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure"
Precautionary principle
Birth and death rates are high
Preindustrial demographic stage
One of the demographic stages where birth rate and death rate are high and population grows at a moderate rate
Preindustrial stage
One of the demographic stages where birth rate is high but the death rate is low and population grows rapidly
Transitional stage
Deepest zone, has no light penetration
Profundal zone
What has prevented polio from becoming a Raticate it on a global basis
Public fear and suspicion of the safety of the polio vaccine
Makes it impossible to determine the Carrying capacity for humans
Quality-of-life and quantity of people
The area in which a particular species is found
Range
What was in the bag that the villagers dumped out to count
Rat tails
Explain how the rat video illustrates R strategy
Rats being an R species are able to reproduce quickly and have large litters. Due to an increase in food supply, rats overproduce young due to the abundant food source in that area
Frequently caused the water to appear orange red or brown, they are caused by certain species of harmful algae that grow in large concentrations, no one knows what triggers them, they produce toxins that attack the nervous system of some sea life
Red tides
The number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves
Replacement level fertility
The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves in the population
Replacement level fertility
Improved agricultural practices, triumph over some disease, improvement and sanitation practices, improve water quality
Responsible for the rapid growth of the human population
A part of in situ conservation in which the principles of ecology are used to help return a degraded environment as close as possible to its former state
Restoration ecology
Compact development does not
Reverse the trend towards urbanization
What is the underground stem of the bamboo called
Rhizome
DDT was sprayed in a long island marsh over a period of years for mosquito control. A portion of the food web is as follows. Algae, shrimp, American Eel, Atlantic needlefish, ring billed gull. In which organism would a biological magnification be greatest
Ring billed gull
Fall and spring blooms occur in large temperate lakes because
Run off from rain brings in additional nutrients at these times, changes in air temperature cause a change in the temperature of surface waters, the density of surface and deep waters become similar, nutrient rich deep waters mix with sunlight surface waters containing populations of producers
Concentration of dissolved salts in a body of water
Salinity
The warehousing of plant genetic material
Seed bank
Hans Rosling says Providing more food, improving child survival, making water better, and providing education for all will
Slow down population growth
This type of structure suggests a smaller proportion of the population will become parents of the next generation
Small, tapered base
And urban planning and transportation strategy that mixes land uses
Smart growth
Have destroyed much of the arctic fragile coastal ecosystem due to increased forging
Snowgeese
Caused by the vibrations in the air that reaches the ears and stimulate a sensation of hearing
Sound
Where on earth does Mautam occur
Southeast Asia
Endemic to islands, low reproductive success, occupation of a large territory or region
Species that are vulnerable to extinction
Mixing of layers as ice melts and surface water reaches 4°C it sinks forcing nutrient rich water to the surface
Spring turn over
Lakes characterized by zonation
Standing water ecosystem
During flowering what insect is common and also edible
Stink bugs
A patchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of cities
Suburban sprawl
a city with the livable environment, a strong economy, and a social and cultural sense of community. Then Hance the well-being of current and future generations of Urban dwellers
Sustainable city
Green space, recycling, urban farmers, solar energy
Sustainable urban development
When a chemical mixture has a greater combined effects than expected
Synergistic
South of the tundra, also called the boreal forest; spruce and pine
Taiga
Hot summers and cold winters, 75 cm to 126 cm of precipitation; hardwood trees
Temperate deciduous forest
Hot summers and cold winters, rainfall is uncertain: herds of grazing animals
Temperate grassland
Occurs in the west coast of North America, annual precipitation is from 200 cm to 380 cm year; fog, Douglasfir and epiphytes
Temperate rainforest
Environmental catastrophe that was largely responsible for replacement of the dilution paradigm by the boomerang paradigm
The accumulation of the pesticide DDT in birds at the top of the food web
What triggers Mautam
The flowering of bamboo
Explain how the rat video illustrates carrying capacity
The rat population eventually becomes too large for its food source, and they must eat their young
The marked layering of large lakes caused by how far light penetrates
Thermal stratification
Sharp temperature transition
Thermocline
Why are children more susceptible to pesticides
They weigh substantially less
A scientist to first sound of the alarm about the growth of the human population and the ability of the earth to handle large population of humans was
Thomas Malthus
British economist who suggested that human population growth is not always desirable and that population can increase faster than food supply
Thomas Malthus
The maximum dose with no measurable effect, what the minimum dose with a measurable effect
Threshold
Based on this research concluded that future crops can be saved from rats by
Timing the plantings
The average number of children born to each woman. Currently it is 2.7 in 1998 it was 3.0
Total fertility rate
A very productive biome earth; it is on excel in species diversity and variety
Tropical rain forest
Which biome has the highest biodiversity
Tropical rain forest
In temperate lakes mixing of the water layers called_______ and caused by _________
Turnover, thermal stratification
And urbanized core region that consists several adjacent cities or megacities and their surrounding development suburbs
Urban agglomeration
The study of urban processes, trends, and patterns that use both natural science and social sciences
Urban ecology
A heterogeneous, dynamic urban area studied in the context of a broader ecological system
Urban ecosystem
A result of urbanization caused by the fact that building, paved streets and human activities retain heat and slowly return it to the atmosphere causing cloudy weather and an increase in rain
Urban heat island
Increase number of thunderstorms over cities in summer months and linger dust storms over cities
Urban heat island
Growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries
Urbanization
The process by which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities
Urbanization
Areas restricted to specific land-use, such as commercial, residential or industrial
Use zone
A way of life that involves wanting and spending less
Voluntary simplicity
Support high species diversity, reduce flooding by slowing the velocity of runoff water, help recharge groundwater aqua fires, they sometimes detoxify substances in water
Wetlands
Explain how the rat video illustrates environmental resistance
When the bamboo runs out, rats must find a different source aka rice to sustain their population
Are not always damaging for natural environments, release nutrient minerals that were locked and dryer were going to material, can I have an increased negative affects from the efforts to prevent them, or increasing due to climate change
Wildfires
When it was examined that the rats had eaten crops at a nearby village, he found that all the rats were
Young
When the birth rate equals the death rate
Zero population growth
Tropical grassland
savanna