Exam 1 ADMINISTRATIONS

What is state regulatory policies based on?

Practice acts

What are fixed costs?

Costs that stay fixed to the services provided, regardless of # of patients treated per day or per month such as monthly installments of payments

Team processes include what aspects?

Crew resource management TeamStepps- Higher quality and better patient care when we work together

What are the different task/timeframes of different team structures?

Cross functional teams- group of people with different functional expertise working towards a common goal Virtual teams Task forces Committees

What are the 4 primary drives, that motivation is based on?

Hunger Thirst Sex Avoidance of pain **Drive theory by Clark Hull

What are indirect costs?

IE. Salary paid to front office manager. Assigned to people who don't directly provide services

Describe the purpose of the oppotunities and threats part of the SWOT evaluation

Identifies market characteristics that influence ability to succeed in the market Basis for strategy identification: growth and protecting strengths

Accounts receivable is defined as, Current assets, created in the course of doing business, consisting of revenues recognized, but not yet collected as cash. what does this mean?

If clinic bills medicare for 1 month, then those potential dollars are accounts receivable. Still waiting to be received. Comprise about 75% of health care provider's assets Having large amount of AR means lost opportunities for other investments There are other costs associated with AR, including carrying costs, delinquency costs, and collection costs

What is Vroom's expectancy theory? (intrinsic motivation)

If you are motivated by performance and expected outcomes of performance

What is Adam's equity theory? (intrinsic motivation)

If you are treated equally in an organization, then you will be motivated to work for that organization

What is the role of the internal auditor of a financial governance?

Responsible for objective evaluations of financial practices of organization

The following describes what method of reimbursement for a 3rd party pay? Determined after service delivery Charges Charges minus a discount Cost plus

Retrospective

What are the two methods to manage reimbursements from 3rd party payers?

Retrospective-determined after service delivery Prospective- determined before service deliver

What is the process of identifying a desired future status for an organization and means to achieve it?

Strategic planning

What provides the organization a map for achieving their goals?

Strategic planning

What is a SWOT evaluation?

Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, analysis

What is a revenue budget?

Type of allocation of funds for the growth and development of organization. Result of business's forecast of sales, revenue and cash expenditures. 1 to 6 months

1/3 of healthcare recruiters in the U.S rank what as their top staffing concern?

Employee turnover

Describe the expected doctoral salary growth for PT...

PT for doctoral degree- 85,000 to 200,000$! that's a lot

What did the Murrary and Frenk article say about the U.S healthcare in 2006?

#1 in terms of spending, but #36-42, for life expextancy

What are integral to the effective implementation of strategies and processes in any organization?

Cognition and perception

What leads to poor teamwork, interpersonal conflict and poor patient outcomes?

Resistance to acknowledge others

HR actions are undertake for what reasons?

Strategic and administrative reasons

What are the 3 types of leaders?

Strategic leader Network leader Operational leader

Describe the government policies for health insurance over the years

1965: Social security act (Medicare/Medicaid) 1974: Employee retirement and income security act 1982: Tax Equity and fiscal responsibility act 1989: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation act 1997: Balanced budge act (CHIP) 2003: Medicare prescription drug, improvement and modernization act 2010: Patient protection and affordable care act. (ACA) 2015: Medicare access and CHIP reauthorization act

Describe what Medicaid and Medicare indicated back when the social security act was passed?

2 largest federal wellfare programs Medicare- People 65 or older, to hospitals Medicaid- basic medical care for low income persons

How many American's are uninsured?

13%, which is a 4% decrease following the affordable care act

What law allowed for Collective bargaining agreements?

1935: National labor relation act.

What were the main key federal legislation affecting HR?

1935: National labor relation act. ALLOWED FOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT 1974: Employee retirement income security act 1964: Age discrimination in employment act 1970-73': OSHA 1986: Immigration reform and control act 1989: Whistle blower protection act 1990: ADA act HIPPA 2010: Patient protection and affordable care act for health care reform

How often do you need to get your PT liscence renewed?

2 years. Usually need to show CEU's to demonstrate renewal May have to complete specific ones... May also require a certain number to be face to face, or online...

What are the stats on medical bankruptcy in the U.S

2013 = 2 million bankruptcies due to unpaid medical bills 1/6 % of U.S struggle with health care related bills!!!

Describe the amount we spend as a country on health care?

2013 = 2.9 trillion dollars 2015 = 3.2 trillion dollars. (17% of Gross domestic products) 9,963$ per person!! Expected to increase to 5.2 trilion and 19% by 2023. ***One of highest costs in world, but #37 health care system.***

How many American's are underinsured?

22% of insured, but have high deductibles or out-of pocket payments relative to income

What is the accrediting body for PT in regards to residency training?

:ABPTREE American Board of PT residency and Fellowship. Helps PT's to specialize in a specific program. Become an orthopaedic specialist or hand specialist

What are variable costs?

Costs that increase or decrease based on the services provided, regardless of # of patients treated per day or per month

What is a break-even point?

A break-even point (BEP) is the quantity at which total revenue and total cost are equal in a given period of time.

What is a health disparities?

A difference in access, utilization , Quality of care, health status, health environment or health outcome between groups

What is the non-productive asset?

A non-working treadmill in middle of clinic. A big thing of therabands that doesn't get used

What are the 2 main services of health care?

Direct and indirect

What are the 4 styles of leadership?

Coercive- demanding and power based Pacesetting- setting high performance standards Coaching- focusing on personal development Participative- soliciting input and allowing decision making

What are the keys to working with different generations in the workplace?

Approach everyone on individual basis mutual respect Keep open lines of communication Mentoring opportunities ***Young can learn from old and old can learn from young!!!

What are the characteristics of a effective health care team? Relate this to the triple aims

Client centered- client is involved in treatment Goal oriented Outcomes oriented Comprehensive- involving the health care team Holisitc Systems theory approach. THIS WILL ALL HELP health care costs and the other aspects of tripple aims

Why will healthcare occupations add more jobs than any other group of occupations?

AGING Population Federal health insurance reform which increases the individuals who have access to health insurance

What are the decision rules to utilize to make capital budgeting decisions?

Accept/reject things Capital rationing- those selected have highest profitability index Non-criteria-based-safety valve allowing purchase, "no matter what" Approval needed by administration and governing body

What are access to versus restrictions on care for health insurances?

Access to versus restrictions on care- must have referral to other clinicians

Activity-based costing is more accurate than prior methods... What is activity based costing?

Accounting method to help organization identify activities performed and indirect costs. Recognizes relationship between cost, activities and services provided. Will identify unit of service

What are the main intrinsic factors theories of motivation?

Adam's equity theory Vroom's expectancy theory Locke's goal setting theory Taylor's Scientifi managment theory: reward for time and quality of work McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y Ouchi's theory Z Integrative model of motivation

Describe the reasons for strategic human resources management

Addresses the need to ensure that qualified and motivated personnel are available to staff the business units operated by the health service organization

Application is a main phase for recruitment and selection of the right employee. What is part of this phase?

Age, gender, race, social security number and convictions

What are some good resource tools for teamwork?

Agency for healthcare research and quality Centers for disease control and prevention collaboration primer Institute for healthcare improvement Hospital research and educational trust World health organization: team tools

What is the dual-factor theory or, Herbergs two-factor theory of motivation? (intrinsic motivation)

Agreed that employee's hygiene was low level motivators, but satisfaction is high level motivators. Higher levels of motivators on Maslow's pyramid were more motivational. Gave good work conditions and good pay

What are the intrinsic theories of motivation?

Alderfer's Existence, resistance and growth and development postulate Herberg's Two-factor theory of motivation McClelland's Acquired Needs

What is the difference between chargers and prices?

Chargers are "published prices". Wide disparity exists between published prices and contract prices. Most 3rd party payers negotiate lower rates with health care providers Prices involve the money actually spend, involving perceived value of services and the other opportunities foregone by the consumers to acquire services

What is an expense budget?

Allocation of funds necessary to cover the necessary things for an organization

Why should we care about leadership?

Allows you to feel fulfilled during daily environment. Leaders are more involved in external environment. Media, vendors, community

What is the ethical responsiblity of a leader?

Always doing what is right and demonstrating the correct behavior Bioethics Managerial ethics Code of ethics of APTA

What is a generating or cash budget?

Annual budget that is a forecast of cash inflows, outflows, and net lending or borrowing needs of an organization

What are the 3 main phases for the recruitment and selection of the right employee?

Applications Reference checks Background checks

One of the team members is the team leader? What do they do?

Asks for ideas Acknowledges input and writes it down Doesn't interrupt and doesn't let other interrupt Asks critics for suggestions Remains calm

What is part of the assessment process for a strategic plan?

Assessment: formative when ongoing and summative when final Tells the success of the plan

What are direct costs?

Assigned to services provided or goods produced. IE. Salary of PT

When must you disclose conflicts of interest?

At time of hire to employer

Processing information is 1 of the main four factors of thinking. What goes into our process of processing information?

Attention, perception, cognitive, evaluation, cognitive congruency

Who is on Medicare B? What does it cover?

B covers outpatient!! Permanently disabled (ALS), ESRD and over 65 Cap of money that they cover!! 2000 ish-3000. They would need approved to be able to go back... B you have to pay for it, vs. A which you don't have to pay for. B covers 80%, so if it's 100$ you pay 20$

What is a committee team?

BIG group of people with big function. Organization, with formal basis and ongoing basis

What is bad debt uncompensated care?

Bad debt- no payment received for billed services which is written off by organization

What are the two major types of uncompensated reimbursement care?

Bad debt- no payment received for billed services which is written off by organization Charity care/pro-bone: Organization provides care, knowing the patient will be unable to pay

What is base pay compensation?

Base pay: Tied to knowledge, skills, experience, and basic expectations for a specific job. Often set and has wide range

What are the 2 ways to compensate an employee?

Base pay: Tied to knowledge, skills, experience, and basic expectations for a specific job. Often set and has wide range Incentive compensation: Designed to improve organizational performance by motivating employees to higher levels of performance

The development of the strategic plan is based off what?

Based on SWOT analysis: Baseline scenario/volume forecasts and market changes New and revised goals/strategic directions: Program growth, maintenance or discontinuance Outcomes of specific targets Strategies to plan to reach desired outcomes and prioritization Tactical plans for each strategy

What is McClelland's Acquired Needs theory of motivation? (intrinsic motivation)

Based on how achievement, affiliation and power were the highest motivational factors.

What is part of financial governance in healthcare?

Based on order of responsibility? Governing body, or board of directors Chief executive officer Chief financial officer (controller, treasurer, internal auditor) All managers in health care organization

What makes up the Resource-based relative value scale when paying for typical outpatient visits with medicare or medicaid?

Based on principle that physician services should vary. Includes: Cost of PT work, practice expense or overhead and insurance costs

What are some good strategies for managing across generations?

Be aware of differences in values and culture Remember one size doesn't fit all Set goals to reach optimal productivity and retain values Understand differences in priorities Design communication strategies Deal with tensions and conflicts immediately Get employee feedback Encourage communication and mentoring programs

What is the gold-standard for interviews?

Behavioral based interviews

What is pro-bono care?

Charity care/pro-bone: Organization provides care, knowing the patient will be unable to pay

What are the responsibilities of managers in recruitment?

Clarifies job function/provides input into position description Interviews candidates Ranks candidates Selects candidates Negotiates with and hires candidates

What are examples of effective teamwork?

Clear aims and priorities Clear lines of accountability Understanding of the team process and the team member's roles and responsibilities Recognition of the importance of operational procedures and culture. RESPECT of other's skills

Describe some qualities of an effective team

Clear, open and effective lines of communication Goals clearly stated Sufficient resources available Commitment to process and product Ongoing eval of interactions and service Trust is built and maintained Leadership is strong Organizational support for teamwork is available Systems thinking prevails

Describe the coaching leadership style

Coaching- focusing on personal development

Describe the Coercive leadership style

Coercive- demanding and power based

What are the two types of not-for-profit tax status of healthcare organizations?

Business-oriented (private) and government owned Must turn profit for sustainability

What are health insurance buy-downs?:

Buy-downs- insurer has increase in premiums and try to switch to cheaper plan

Describe the frequently utilized methods for classifying costs

By behavior with fixed and variable costs By traceability via direct costs, indirect costs, and full costs By Decision making capability, via controllable and uncontrollable costs

What determines cost in the private sector of health care?

COST determined by RISK POOL, and financial incentives of utilization ("do more, get paid more")

What are the 4 types of budgets?

Capital Revenue Expense Generating or cash

What are the specific residency programs for PT

Cardiopulmonary Clinical electrophysiology Geriatrics NEuro Ortho Women's health SPORTs Ext...

What are the basic elements of health care?

Care settings Domains Consumer-Directed Health Care Triple Aims Health disparities

What is the life of the financial business?

Cash flow

What is the ladder of inference?

Comes from "data" and experiences. I select data from what I observe I add meanings (cultural and personal) I make assumptions based on the meanings I added I draw conclusions I adopt beliefs around the world and take actions based on my beliefs

What are the main differences for generational issues of the workplace?

Comfort with new technology is different Preferred communication methods Attitudes toward work-life balance Attitudes toward authority Interaction styles Motivational strategies are differentTr

What is part of the interpersonal leadership competency?

Communication Motivating Empowering employees Conflict management and resolution Negotiations Formal presentations Social interactions

Describe the strategic activities under the HR department?

Compete for labor and want to have an adequate supply and the proper mix of high-quality staff Rehab staff ("Talent") should be viewed as a "strategic asset" to gain competitive advantage Organizational performance depends on individual performance

What are the types of benefits for health insurance?

Comprehensive policies- cover broad range of inpatient/.outpatient with exclusions Basic, major medical and hospital surgery policies- limited to illness that require hospitalization Catastrophic coverage policies- have very high deductibles Disease-specific policies- only cover specific diseases Medigap policies- provide certain benefits not covered by other policies Long-term care insurance- covers Assisted living and SNF

What is the difference between motivated vs. engaged? What is the benefit of an engaged employee?

Concepts go hand in hand Engaged health care employees, are more productive, safer, loyal More focused, model positive behaviors, witness greater profitability for a provider Trusting and cooperative Put forth more effort

What are the 3 main competencies or skills required for a health care manager?

Conceptual Technical Interpersonal skills

What are the best practices for corrective action for an employee?

Conduct vs. performance aren't matching therefore: Establish clear expectations Address issues as soon as practicable Document everything Enforce handbook or written policies consistently Maintain investigation files and complaints promptly

Cognitive biases, are a huge part of decision-making and a main feature of thinking skills. What is the biggest bias we have?

Confirmational bias

What is the clinical vs. managerial teamwork aspects? What do HC managers need to do

Conflicts may arise between HC professionals and often due to person's refusal to embrace teamwork. HC professionals work from a clinical framework, advocating at individual level for patients Health care managers are trained to look at population level and organization wide-issues

One of the 3 types of leaders is the Network leader. Describe the network leader

Connects people across disciplines, organizational departments and regions. (more external focus) Facilitating and emergent. Bottom-up process. Leadership is a collective process.

What is the role of the controller of a financial governance?

Controls high level accounting. Operating budgets and dealing with regulators Found in large organizations

What is the difference between the 2 private types of insurances.. Conventional indemnity insurance and Managed Care plans?

Conventional indemnity insurance- Based on fee for service. No restrictions. People pay for insurance and they get reimbursed MANAGED CARE PLANs- Seek to manage cost, quality and access

What are the most common types of private health insurance?

Conventional indemnity insurance- Based on fee for service. No restrictions. People pay for insurance and they get reimbursed MANAGED CARE PLANs- Seek to manage cost, quality and access HMO- Health Maintanence Organization PPO- Preferred Provider Organization POS- Point- of-service plans HDHP/SO- High deductible health plan with savings options

What are health insurance coordination of benefits?

Coordination of benefits- husband and wife, both have insurance at home and work, and insurance companies want to make sure they are not losing money

What are the ways health insurance companies participate in cost sharing?

Copayments- cost paid by insured individual per visit at time of service Deductibles- levels of payments required before insured begins to make payments. (500$ need to be used before insurance will pay at all) Coinsurance- % agreed upon before hand that insurance will pay

U.S buisness spends over 200$ billions dollars recruiting. What are the 5 common reasons employees leave?

Corporate culture Perceived lack of appreciation Insufficient resources in workplace Lack of advancement opportunities Inadequate compensation

The following is the purpose of what? Ensure patients are paying only for services and products received. Separate costs at the end-of-service level to allow managers to measure changes in intensity and case mix and to identify inefficient functions

Cost allocation

What makes up the cost of RBRVS?

Cost of PT work, practice expense or overhead and insurance costs (Resource-based relative value scale)

What is part of the cost of turnover when hiring a new employee?

Cost of hiring new employee. Advertising Interviewing Screening Hiring Cost of onboarding a new person Lost productivity Lost engagement Customer service and errors Training cost Cultural impacts

What are the 3 main strategies to address health disparities?

Cultural competence and proficiency in the health care workforce Cultural competence and proficiency in the demographics served by this workforce Regardless of age, race, gender, sex, religion or ethical background

What is working capitals?

Current assets - current liabilities. The measure of a companies efficiency and short term financial health

What is the definition of accounts receivable?

Current assets, created in the course of doing business, consisting of revenues recognized, but not yet collected as cash

What are the environmental factors that affect the success of an organization?

Declining reimbursement Low supply of workers Increasing population needs Increasing competition among health care organizations External pressure on health care organizations for accountability and performance

What are the triple aims of health care? (simple version_)

Decrease Cost Increase Quality Increase Access

What are the 3 main models of service delivery for health care?

Defined by the primary source of funding... In- and out-of-network providers (private insurance) Fee-for service Concierge services

What is an organizational values?

Defines organizational culture

One of the 3 types of leaders is the strategic leader. Describe the strategic leader

Defines purpose and vision and aligns people, processes and values (internal and external focus). Ability to influence others and enhance prospects of business and individuals

Health care managers can and should utilize what in organizational decision-making?

Deliberate thinking processes

What is the importance of materials management?

Delivery of appropriate patient care Provision of cost control: a non-productive asset, inventory loses value over time Improvement of organization's bottom line through best pricing and reducing over-utilization

Describe the performing stage of team formation

Demonstrating of interdependence Healthy system Ability as a team to effectively produce Balance of task and process orientation

Many companies have eliminated manager positions. What is the ideal staff?

Depends on ratio of people to performance, but there is no 1 size fits all. 1:10, 1:20 are usual, but depends on employees.

Describe the purpose of the strengths and weakness of the SWOT evaluation

Describes organization's internal factors that affect interaction with market

Background checks is a main phase for recruitment and selection of the right employee. What is part of this phase?

Designed to protect company Criminal history Education and license Limits on credit checks

Organizing and staffing is one of the 4 main concepts of management, what does this entail?

Designing and delegating workloads Establishing lines of authority and communication Training, development and promoting

What is an organizational vision?

Desired future state

What is part of a retrospective managing of reimbursements from 3rd party payers?

Determined after service delivery Charges Charges minus a discount Cost plus

What is part of a prospective managing of reimbursements from 3rd party payers?

Determined before service delivery Per diem Per diagnosis: costs reimbursed based on diagnosis Capitation: Payed per month regardless of services from patient

What are the two phases of strategic planning process?

Development of the strategic plan Execution of the strategic plan

Development of the strategic plan is a key for strategic planning process. What is part of this?

Development process for a finite time SWOT analysis: Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, analysis

A health disparity is a A difference in access, utilization , Quality of care, health status, health environment or health outcome between groups. What are examples of this?>

Diabetes, Heart disease, mental health, eye disease, suicide, HIV and cancer

What are DRG's?

Diagnosis related groups- Part of tax equity and fiscal responsibility act to help control services and medical costs

What are some examples of non-effective teamwork?

Differences in priorities and aims Confusion over accountability Poor understanding of team process and roles and responsibility within it Failure to recognize operational procedures and culture Inadequate respect!! for other's disciplines

What are wicked problems of teamwork?

Difficult to define and not easily resolved and sometimes can never be truly solved due to multiple layers of issues such as we see in health care

What is the difference between direct and indirect health care?

Direct: Organizations that provide care directly to a patient, resident or client who seeks services from the organization Indirect: Support the care of individuals through products and services made available to direct care settings. Such as DME Indirect services support direct services

What is the idea of charges minus a discount?

Discount determined after service has been performed Part of retrospective method of reibursement

What is a sentinel event?

Disruptive behavior. Such as unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof

The following describes what? Intimidating and disruptive behaviors include "overt actions such as verbal outburst and physical threats as well as passive activities such a refusing to perform assigned tasks or quietly exhibiting uncooperative attitudes during routine activities.

Disruptive behaviors

What is population health which is a new initiative?

Distribution of health outcomes within a specific population. Approach to health aimed at entire student population Use to measure organizational success Determine reimbursement

Describe the patient protection and affordable care act?

Does not provide full health care reform Altering the way health insurance is administered Cycle through phases of foresight, insight and action Gives healthcare to vulnerable populations that usually cannot have health care Key elements of success will be perspective, adaptability and passion Call for a new breed of health care, with AFFORDABLE RATES

What are the 2 major things to consider with a capital budgeting and buying new things for a PT clinic?

Does this asset at least pay for itself? Does this asset add value to the organization?

What is the most important job of talent management or HR when getting employees to a PT company?

EMPLOYMENT ENGAGEMENT IS MOST IMPORTANT

How can emotional contagion help?

Emotional awareness can change lives. Listen with creativity and understand other's thoughts

What is a huge part of our thinking in regard to socio-emotional intelligence?

Empathy

What is the link between performance and recognition, where someone is not succeeding?

Employee ability is not suffice, due to inadequate support or inadequate effort. There is performance discrepancy Manager must determine the cause and take corrective action. Replace employees Remove obstacles Re mediate employees

What are the main functions of HR for employee retention?

Employee relations and engagement Training and development Compensation and benefits Employee assistance program Assessing performance Labor relations Leadership development Employee suggestion program

Why does negligent hiring occur?

Employer fails to take reasonable steps to investigate the employee's background before a new employee is hired. Potential liability for hiring of a dangerous employee. How to prevent: Employer is mandated to investigate the background before-hand Include professional licensure, reference and background checks

What was HIPPA designed for?

Enacted in 1996, designed to protect pt's private health info, ensure health care coverage when workers change or lose their jobs, and uncover fraud and abuse in health care systems.

What did the affordable care act allow?

Enacted various health insurance reform. Included employers cover, prohibit denial of coverage and claims for pre-existing conditions and extended health care opportunities for children of dependent parents until age 26

What is the emotional benefits of working with capital management?

Enhance "goodwill" toward organization by paying vendors and employees on time Demonstrating to lenders that the organization is "creditworthy" To undertake changes that add VALUE to organizations

What is the purpose of cost allocation?

Ensure patients are paying only for services and products received. Separate costs at the end-of-service level to allow managers to measure changes in intensity and case mix and to identify inefficient functions

What should mangers of financial planning ensure, respond and control?

Ensure payroll is covered and suppliers are paid Respond to government regulators, external auditors, accrediting agencies, and quality consultant Control the financial risk of organizations

What is the tax equity and fiscal responsibility act?

Estabilished changes to medicare to control costs. Perspective payments system with DRG, to help control services

What is Lock's goal setting theory? (extrinsic motivation)

Establish goals to motivate a person to take action

Describe the effects of the Omnibus Budget reconciliation act

Establish the Resource based relative value system Compensation based for physicians for medical services

What did the balance budget act allow? Especially with CHIP

Established 200 changes to medicare, SNF, mediciaid, rehab hospitals. Established Medicare part C

What are the 6 main key roles of a manager?

Establishing and maintain organizational culture Talent management Ensuring high performance Leadership development and succession planning Innovation and change management Health care policies

Controlling is one of the 4 main concepts of management, what does this entail?

Establishing standards Measuring, evaluating and correcting performance

What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

Evaluates individuals on the basis of 4 types of preferences. Personality inventory to understand differences of team members 4 domains and 4 subsets Extrovert, thinking, feeling, introvert, judging, perceiving, sensing, intuition

Describe the first license through boards then state specific process...

Every state has different requirements --> some require jurisprudence exams --> Review your state specifics --> professions beginning to explore transfer compacts between states

What are the 5 key features of learning organizations?

Everyone has shared visions Mental models Systems thinking Team learning Personal mastery

Describe some not-for-profit attributes

Exempt from taxes Primarily serve community or public interests May not participate in political campaigns or influence legislation Must provide designated amounts of community benefit and indigent care

What is the classification of an exempt position?

Exempt positions: Executive, administrative, professional, outside sales and computer science Job title doesn't determine exempt status Paid salary of at least 455$ weekly, meet other job duty tests "White collar" positions

What is the difference between exempt vs. non-exempt status employees?

Exempt positions: Executive, administrative, professional, outside sales and computer science Job title doesn't determine exempt status Paid salary of at least 455$ weekly, meet other job duty tests "White collar" positions Non-Exempt: Don't meet exemption tests above Pain an hourly rate basis Must be paid at least federal minimum wage OVertime pay of at least 1.5 times regular hourly rate "Blue collar workers"

PT's are considered exempt or non-exempt workers?

Exempt, salary or white collar workers

What is central to excellence in health care delivery and a culture of safety?

Trust and good communication

The concept of motivation is based on what 4 factors?

External (from employer $) or internal (something within), which is what motivates us? What are incentives? (improving work conditions and schedules) What are rewards? Is everybody motivated?

What are the two domains of health care?

External and internal

What is the external domain of health care?

External: Influences, resources and activities that exist outside the boundary of the organization but that significantly affect the organization Ex. Community demographics, licensures, accreditation, regulations, stakeholder demands, Medicare/Medicaids, managed care

What is the difference between external and internal domains of health care?

External: Influences, resources and activities that exist outside the boundary of the organization but that significantly affect the organization Internal: Area of focus that managers need to address on a daily basis. Reflect the operation of the organization where the manager has the most control

True or False: Motivation is manipulation, as people are motivated by money. Some people are just not motivated and all motivation is intrinsic.

FALSE all dem myths

True or False: SKinner's reinforcement theory worked really well on both animal and human studies

FALSE: WE have much higher levels of cognition, so many factors besides reinforcement take place in our actions

What are two methods used to finance accounts receivables?

Factoring receivables- selling at discount Pledging receivables as collateral to negotiate a line of credit to cover temporary cash shortfalls

Most employees are entitled to overtime pay according to what act?

Fair labor standard act

True or False: Motivational people are born not made. There is only one kind of employee satisfaction, and what happends are work only relates to work. One-SIZE-fits all reward programs are successful.

False. More motivational myths

What are some laws and ideas that regulate the ideas of team health care?

Federal law of individuals with disability education act. IDEA- services should be supported by variety of healthcare professionals. Better functional outcomes and discharge for patient

What are the 2 forms of health insurance payments?

Fee-for-service (insurer pays in-network or insured pays co-pay or deductible) Prepayment- insured individual pays fixed amount. Often in concierge services

Learning organizations focus on shared ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ for success. (5 keys)

Focus on shared vision, mental models, system thinking, team learning and personal mastery

What are the two tax status of healthcare organizations?

For-profit, investor-owned: Owned by individuals for goal of maximizing profit Not-for-profit

What is the challenges of teamwork?

Formal teamwork needs education which is rare to have with healthcare workers Developing teams and facilitating team activities are required YET... there is little formal preparation in teamwork in healthcare developments in undergrad and graduate levels.

What are the tuckman's stages of team formation?

Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjurning--> Teamwork over long period of time and they like each other and work well together

What are the main leadership competencies, that are the certain skills, knowledge and abilities of a good leader?

Functional and technical Self-development and self-understanding Interpersonal- ability of social intelligence, become active listerners, working on conversational skills. Organizational- ability to make good decisions. Have good decision making process. Good leader knows when to make decisions or deligate

What is the most common type of organizational chart for an organization? That is top down and pyramid like...

Functional organizational chart

What were the effects of the medicare prescription drug, improvement and modernization act?

Gave benefits for prescription drugs, higher rural fees for wealthy seniors, prevention benefits and health saving accounts

What was the ADA act?

Gave people with physical and mental disabilities, access to costumer services and access to jobs

Is there interest for accounts receivable?

Generally provides no interest and their collection becomes less likely as time passes

What are the 6 major objectives of financial management for outpatient and inpatient settings? Generate, set, facilitate, record and analyze, prapere and audit, invest

Generate reasonable net income Set prices for services in both outpatient/inpatient settings Facilitate relationships and manage contracts with 3rd party payers such as insurance companies Record and analyze cost information for smooth operation of facility Prepare, audit and disseminate the organization's financial reports Invest in long-term capital assets Generate, set, facilitate, record and analyze, prapere and audit, invest

Human resources is there for what reason?

Get the most out of organization and alert upper management about employees and feelings of workplace

What are characteristics of good team managers?

Good managers don't mind if new staff members list questions and ask for clarification. Coach, mentor and guide other's so they can succeed Good managers want thoughtful observations from a new perspective: yours

What is cessation management?

Grooming others to see if they can grow into other positions. How an organization grows and stays in place.

What is a task force team?

Groups of people that are typically comprising experts in specified areas of knowledge or practice. Small groups of people with specific objective, like safety of rehab department Usually disbanded after completing task

Why do inpatient rehab hospitals have team meetings?

Guide and direct care of patient. They need to see goals and what others are doing

One of the 3 types of leaders is the operational leader. Describe the operational leader

Has functional oversight responsibilities. (more internal focus) Someone who sees how individuals work together to produce large outcome. Common in large acute care hospitals.

What is a good participative work climate?

Health care employees who view their work unit climate as participative as opposed to authoritarian provide higher levels of customer service, commit fewer clinical errors and express less likelihood to leave organization Better customer service when we commit together

What is the impact of a learning organization on health care management?

Health care management requires broad range of thinking The importance of the Ladder of inference- perception, meaning, assumptions, and cognitive biases "Seek first to understand then to be understood" Building a successful team is not just, "luck" learning organizations provide a common foundation for personal development and growth of the organization

The organization is the primary cause of job dissatisfaction and burnout. Whose job is it to address the issues?

Health care manager's role

The primary goal of accounts receivable, is to reduce the collection period or days in AR. What are other factors used to finance AR?

Health care providers often need to receive cash advances on outstanding AR to continue operations two ways: Factoring receivables- selling at discount Pledging receivables as collateral to negotiate a line of credit to cover temporary cash shortfalls

Describe the private sector of health insurance

Health insurance system in the united states is rooted in private sector Long-standing belief that marketplace will help control healthcare costs COST determined by RISK POOL, and financial incentives of utilization ("do more, get paid more")

What are some intangible intrinsic rewards we can use to motivate a staff?

Healthy relationships- feeling a sense of connection Meaningful vs. meaningless work Competence Choice and participation in decision-making Progress- accountability and meeting milestones

HR management will increase in importance in future for what reason?

Heightened external and internal pressures to recruit and retain committed and high-performing staff.

What is the point of a residency training after school?

Helps PT learn an advanced body of knowledge to help prepare clinical specialty exams Go to ABPTREE where they can help you get a residency

Decision-making is 1 of the main four factors of thinking. What goes into our process of decision-making?

Heuristics, cognitive biases, logical fallacies

Describe the current research in human resources management

High performance work systems with : Staff engagement, staff acquisition and development, staff empowerment in decision-making and leadership alignment Involvement of senior human resources professionals in organizational strategy Large internal datasets for skills, capabilities and business performance to help identify employees needs and ways to develop staff and employee engagement to reduce turnover!!

Describe the contemporary leadership models based on self-actualization.

If you exercise the highest level of leadership, you have humanistic vs. dictatorship leadership. Lead from a variety of traditional models. Lead best by coaching others, coach people to achieve and be their best self

What is important when choosing a team?

Important to belong to an area that's affected by the problem at hand Knowledge and skill for task Clearly defined role for team How much authority do you have Can you follow through assignment and tasks Can you work collectively and effectively. De-escalator of situations have sense of humor Can you see organizational goal and your goal meshing

Teams are empowered to be innovative and rewarded for their service. What are the other benefits of a team?

Improve coordination and quality of care Use health care services more efficiently Increase job satisfaction among team members Increase patient satisfaction Increase productivity

How does good employee teamwork effect managers?

Improved communication --> Increased productivity --> Decreased absenteeism --> Increased job satisfaction --> decreased turnover

What is the triple aims of health care?

Improving the individual experience of care Improve the health of populations Reduce the per capita costs of care for populations

What is the role of the treasurer of a financial governance?

In charge of financial planning and making investments for organizations Establishes budgets

Describe the storming stage of team formation

Resistance Lack of participation Conflict Competition and high emotions

What is incentive compensation?

Incentive compensation: Designed to improve organizational performance by motivating employees to higher levels of performance

What is part of the strategic human resources management?

Includes hiring, disciplining and pay roll. Involves working with employees to improve retention and quality of work for employee and employer. Employer and employee work together to maximize mutual benefits

What is the main purpose of working capital management?

Increase revenues and reduce expenses

What are full costs?

Indirect costs + direct costs

What are the 3 biggest limitors in health care management?

Individuals Operational limiters Regulatory limiters

Patient centered care requires excellent what?>

Interdisciplinary teamwork

What is an internal domain of health care?

Internal: Area of focus that managers need to address on a daily basis. Reflect the operation of the organization where the manager has the most control Ex. Staff, budgets, quality services, pt satisfaction, financial performances

What are the rules about international therapy graduates?

International graduates can be U.S citizens who attend school abroad or foreing-born nationals who come to the U.S They need: Permission to work in US Licensing requirements vary by state Credentialing may be required- via curriculum review

What is disruptive behavior?

Intimidating and disruptive behaviors include "overt actions such as verbal outburst and physical threats as well as passive activities such a refusing to perform assigned tasks or quietly exhibiting uncooperative attitudes during routine activities.

What is the difference between an interprofessional team and intraprofessional team?

Intraprofessional- within same profession. Team focused of PT department personnel, PTA's, rehab tech Interprofessional- Individuals from different disciplines, doctors, psychologist.

Why does terminations occur?

Involuntary ending of employee... They usually did not practice good practice. Consider: Safety, Timing, Collection of personal property, communication to remaining staff. Some states require final pay at termination, with vacation or PTO requirements Unemployment compensation vary by state. ***ALWAYS DO LATER IN DAY*** ***SEND OUT GOOD CLEAR MESSAGE TO REST OF STAFF***

What is cost allocation?

Involves the determination of the total cost of producing a health care service through assigning costs from non-revenue-producing departments into revenue-producing departments

What is a benefit??

Is defined as compensation provided in a form other than salary or direct wages, paid for totally or in part by employer. USUALLY MORE IMPORTANT IN LONG RUN Do they have health insurance? Why other things do they cover for you? Life insurance? Retirement?

What is a PT specialization?

Is the process by which a PT builds on a broad base of professional education and practice to develop greater depth of knowledge and skills related to a particular area of practice

What is the job of licensed PTA?

PTA medically stable and predictable. NO EVALS. Only follow POC by PT and work under supervision, and varies direct or general by state

What are the factors HR looks at when workforce planning or recruiting?

Job analysis Workforce planning Establishing job descriptions Recruitment Interviewing, selection, negotiation, and hiring. Recruiters and online process of hiring Orientation

The health care manager needs to assess the quality of work environment, including employee job burnout and job satisfaction. What does this entail?

Job autonomy, variety and significant Relationship with coworkers Relationship with supervisors Opportunities for promotion and advancement Fairness of pay and benefits Level of job burnout Overall job satisfaction

Employee turnover is clearly linked to what?>

Job satisfaction

What is part of the functional and technical leadership competency?

Knowledge of business acumen Strategic vision Decision making and decision-quality Managerial ethics and values Problem solving Change management and dealing with ambuiguity Systems thinking Governance

How does working capital increase revenues and reduce expenses?

Making capital assets (building) productive by managing current assets (labor) Conserving cash by cutting financing costs to take advantage of short-term investments Managing cash flow or amount of inflows and outflows: done on daily basis Managing the liquidity of the organization

What are the categories of employees for a PT business? Recruit the right people for the righ job

Management Professional staff Skilled support personnel Unskilled support staff

Describe the pacesetting leadership style

Pacesetting- setting high performance standards

This describes what process? Comes from "data" and experiences. I select data from what I observe I add meanings (cultural and personal) I make assumptions based on the meanings I added I draw conclusions I adopt beliefs around the world and take actions based on my beliefs

Ladder of inference

What are the types of things to include in a capital budget?

Land acquisition Facility construction, acquisition and renovation Routine capital equipment used in clinic Information technology infrastructure and upgrades Acquisition of staff physicians/PT

What are the main leadership challenges for healthcare management?

Laws and regulations Physicians New technology of cost and integration into practice Culture of safety Value-based purchasing Women in top leadership positions is lacking

What are the main barriers and challenges in the health care industry?

Laws and regulations on billing Physicians changes New technology, since it's always changing Culture of safety Value-based purchasing Women in top positions Hospitals are more focused on quality than quantity of care

What is the difference between leadership and management?

Leaders --> Lead: Leaders have followers. Leaders are more involved in external environment Managers --> Manage: Managers have subordinates. More involved in internal environment of workplace. Admin, operations

What is key for long-term leadership?

Leadership can be taught Continual leadership development Professional association memberships Look for partners Reassess how person fits into organization Consider succession planning

What is needed for the strategic plan to succeed?

Leadership oversight Assessment: formative when ongoing and summative when final Tools: Data collection and dashboards Modification if needed

Compare and contrast some leadership competencies vs. managerial competencies

Leadership: Establish mission, setting vision, motivating stakeholders, being effective spokesperson, determine strategies for future, networking. Unique, build relationships, coach, have fans Managerial: Assuring patient-centered practice, controlling resources, supervising services, overseeing adherence to regulations, counseling/developing employees, managing operations. Copiers, controllers, short-term, direct, have employees

How do you set charges in an organization in healthcare?

Legal and regulatory issues Goals and objectives of the price to be set Estimate economic market conditions involving supply and demand Estimate costs and break-even point Policies of 3rd party payers Who are the competitors in market? Effects of over and under pricing Consideration of allowable costs set by insurance companies Utilize pricing tactics: Such as bundling goods and services

What is part of the professional therapy staff of a therapy clinic?

Licensed OT, PT, SLP Therapy assistants: Licensed OTA's, PTA's Other licensed professionals, social workers or nurses

What is the one way to get a licensure for PT?

Licensure is granted by the state, and demonstrates competency to perform a scope of practice. Must have laready passed the boards FSBPT (Federation of state boards of PT.)

What is the lifetime limit of insurance companies?

Lifetime limit- max cost occurred on lifetime of individual

The largest determinant of health disparities is the social determinants outside of the health care system. What are examples of this?

Living or working conditions Geographic isolation Income and socioeconomic status Education Access to insurance

Exam Review: CH.1 5 resume questions Overview of health care management: difference between direct and indirect HC management Internal vs. External domains of HC Basics of health care managers and best functions Values- the ethics and morals that are important to the company... Mission- provide PT and OT to community to provide quality care... Vision- where we want to be down the road.. Talent manager or HR: In charge of huge costs for recruiting and hiring. EMPLOYMENT ENGAGEMENT IS MOST IMPORTANT Know cessation management CH. 14 HEALTH DISPARITIES!!- Address it through triple aims Triple AIM!!- when they knew how health care costs were getting to high. AFA- mandated that people have insurance, so state doesn't have to cover catostrophic costs. Cultural competence ideas- make sure you treat who walks through your door. Understand Medicare A and B: permanetly disabled, ESRD, over 65 WHAT ARE THE LARGEST DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DISPARITIES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! her fave omg. Unit 2: Ch2. and Ch9: Focus on emotional intelligence and what it is! It will teach you about yourself! What are strengths and weakness about yourself? Note later models of leadership intelligence What are competencies of a leader? What are the risks and needs of choosing a right health care policy? Health care spending pg. 204. What is co-existing condition, such as a chronic disease that will be with you. If you are health insurer and you know about co-morbidities, then they were limiters. But Afordable Care Act, said they couldn't do that. Clarify risk, cost sharing, benefits and Super important chapter!! KNOW HEALTH CARE COSTS AND HOW IT IMPACTS PATIENTS Ch. 3 : INcludes management and motivation, such as intrinsic vs. exterinsic rewards! Don't worry about history and physiological nature of things an. KNOW MASLOW's THEORY!. Don't need to know other theories! Motivational strategies, know about generational differences.

Look at professional position powerpoint GET Studyin

Describe the part of the SWOT analysis that looks at mission, vision and values

Looks at purpose of organization Assessed to ensure aligned with organization's future Mission: Statement of purpose Vision: Desired future state Values: Defines organizational culture

What is part of the market assessment of a SWOT analysis? (opportunities and threats)

Looks at: Workforce Consumers and payers New technology Regulatory environment Competition

What are the 4 main overarching goals for our clients when working in a team setting?

Maximize functional abilities Maximize psychosocial abilities Improve QOL Improve 3 dimensions of disability- impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions

What is the maximum out of pocket ependiture?

Maximum out-of pocket expenditure- max cost paid by insured before insurer pays 100% of costs

What are policy limitations of health insurance?

Maximum out-of pocket expenditure- max cost paid by insured before insurer pays 100% of costs Lifetime limit- max cost occurred on lifetime of individual Access to versus restrictions on care- must have referral to other clinicians Moral Hazard- incentive to use coverage, to utilize benefits P re-exisiting conditions- conditions that limit and make a person a greater risk to insurance Buy-downs- insurer has increase in premiums and try to switch to cheaper plan Coordination of benefits- husband and wife, both have insurance at home and work, and insurance companies want to make sure they are not losing money

Describe the types of public or social insurances in the U.S

Medicare Medicaid CHIP/ Children's health insurance program Military- Tricare/VA

What are the costs of teamwork?

Meeting times, places to meet and food and coffee --> Opportunity costs and is that time worth it Percieved loss of autonomy (I CAN't DO WHAT I DO?!?!?!?) --> Risk-taking associated with letting go of one's turf --> Resistance to organizational change

What is organizational climate?

Members perception of organizations decision making

What are the 4 key factors of thinking?

Mental representation: schemas, mental models, mindsets Processing information: attention, perception, cognition, evaluation, cognitive consistency Decision-making: heuristics, cognitive biases, logical fallacies Social Cognition: Attribution, bias, social categorization, emotional intelligence, empathy

What are rewards?

Methods in which to treat people fairly, equitably and consistently in accordance with their value to the organization

What is the primary goal of managing accounts receivable?

Reduce the collection period or days in AR

What are some examples of tangible extrinsic rewards?

Money, benefits, flexible schedules Job responsibilities, promotions, status changes, supervision Praise/feedback, good boss, strong leader, inspirational people Nurturing organizational culture

What is the moral hazard of health insurance?

Moral Hazard- incentive to use coverage, to utilize benefits. Overconsumption of healthcare

What is consumer-directed health care? How does this affect health outcomes?

More activated patients have better health outcomes and better care experiences than patients that are less activated. Activation can be modified and increased over time

How do you determine product costs?

More recent methods for determining product costs tend to cross department lines of responsibility Activity-based costing is more accurate than prior methods of cost allocation Costs are determined on the basis of, "cost drivers" (the activities involved in generating a unit of service)

What were the effects of the patient protection and affordable care act? (ACA)

Most SWEEPING changes to health care Establish individual mandates, changes to medicare/medicaid. Expansion of health care acts

What are some common motivational strategies>

Most employees always expect the best from you and communicate with you. Create a fun approach to work Create ways to give rewards and promote excellence Complement more than criticize Acknowledge the importance between work and life

What is the purpose of continuing education?

Most states require therapist to complete a certain number of continuing education units. (CEU) credits to maintain state license and to demonstrate continue competency. Read licensure laws for specific states

Directing is one of the 4 main concepts of management, what does this entail?

Motivating and guiding Leading

What should a manager's commitment be?

Motivating their employees through a shared vision. Communication is fundamental skill of manager

Performance of HSO's is tied directly to what?

Motivation, commitment, and skills of clinical, administrative and support staff

What is the definition and differences between motive, motivate and motivation?

Motive: Something that causes a person to act Motivate; To provide with a motive Motivation: That act or process of motivating

Psychologist study motivation from the perspectives of what?

Needs at different levels Extrinsic Intrinsic factors Integration of needs

What is avoidance learning based on?

Negative reinforcement

The following describes what kind of leadership? Connects people across disciplines, organizational departments and regions. (more external focus) Facilitating and emergent. Bottom-up process. Leadership is a collective process.

Network leadership

What is an example of transdisciplinary care?

Newborn baby with disabilites. Parent and healthcare professionals learn together about babies abilities. Teach across professional boundaries and they teach each other. Only 1 health care provider will have care for child, but others can observe and help. This b/c babies have difficulty transitioning from one to another. But different occupations can take turns having their discipline focus on what they need from baby

Does health insurance cover all costs?

No, they are simply cost-sharing in the private and public sectors for the service

What is the classification of non-exempt positions?

Non-Exempt: Don't meet exemption tests above Pain an hourly rate basis Must be paid at least federal minimum wage OVertime pay of at least 1.5 times regular hourly rate "Blue collar workers"

What is the major regulatory policies that we should focus on at the state level?

PT by direct access

What is the World federation/conference?

Official representative of PT's and OT's worldwide WCPT World conference of PT. MISSION: Every individual is entitled to the best care of culturally appropriate health care and to live in a world with trust and standards. Encourage high-standards of PT research, standards, sharing and support

Within the field of Pt there are 9 clinical specialization areas. What is the purpose of specialist certification?

One mechanism of professional development that contributes to the advancement of the knowledge base and clinical skills in the voluntary specialization of practice

The following describes what kind of leadership? Has functional oversight responsibilities. (more internal focus) Someone who sees how individuals work together to produce large outcome. Common in large acute care hospitals.

Operational

What kind of leadership is common in large acute care hospitals?

Operational leadership

What are the barriers to overcome to execute a strategic plan?

Organization culture Lack of focus/too many strategies Leadership issues Limited resources Poor outcome monitoring/assessment

What is part of the Organizational leadership competency?

Organizational design Team building Priority setting Political savvy Managing and measuring performance Developing others Human resources Community and external resources

What is a learning organization?

Organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together

Employee turnover is a huge problem as 28% of healthcare jobs occur, and at the 2 year mark there are over 50% turnover rate. Replacing people can cost an additional 20% of an actual salary! Why does it cost so much?

Other employees need to pick up more shifts Training for new employees Decreased quality of patient care Reduced staff morale Difficult to maintain accreditation standards with turnover

What 3 ways do we primarily pay for health care?

Out-of-pocket (health savings accounts) Private health insurance (PPO, HMO, POS) Public/social health insurances (Medicare, Medicaid, Chip, VA)

Describe the 4 parts of medicare

PART A: Hospital insurance Part B: Supplemental medical insurance Part C: Medicare advantage plans Part D: Prescription Drug Benefit

What may a person have to surrender when working in an interdisciplinary approach?

Participants surrender some aspects of own discipline but MAINTAIN discipline specific role. Work towards common goal of patient. Focuses on reciprocal action of discipline

What is the participative leadership style?

Participative- soliciting input and allowing decision making

What are behavior-based interviews?

Past performance most predictive of future performance STAR (situation, task, action, result) Open-ended questions

Who is usually the #1 member of a multi-disciplinary team? Who is usually the team leader?

Patient and family is #1 members Physician is usually the team leader in a multidisciplinary approach

What is emotional contagion

People who can read emotions really quickly

What is designed to look at your goals vs. the companies goals... There should be no surprises and clearly stated to you

Performance apprasial

How do you manage working capitals? 3 ways

Permanent working capital - minimum working capital irrespective of any fluctuation in business activity... Assign work capital from net income or profits Temporary working capital, includes equity or net assesses; short-term debt, or loans; and trade credit from delayed payments to vendors

Who is on Medicare D? What does it cover?

Permanently disabled (ALS), ESRD and over 65 Use for prescription drugs

Who is on Medicare A? What does it cover?

Permanently disabled, ESRD and over 65. Covers acute care, home health, hospice, short term rehab 100% coverage

What is the main key feature of a learning organization?

Personal mastery

Describe Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs

Physiological: breathing, food, water, clothing, sleep Safety and security: Health, employment, property, family, social stability Love and belonging: friendship, family intimacy, sense of connection Self esteem: confidence, achievement, respect others, need to be unique Self Actualization: morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, experience, purpose and inner potential

What is a capital budget?

Plan for expenditures for long-term assets whose useful life is more than a year

Execution of the strategic plan is a key for strategic planning process. What is part of this?

Plan may be 3, 5 or 10 years Critical to manage organization's strategic intentions

What is the 6 KEY functions of health care management?

Planning Organizing Staffing Controlling Directing Decision-Making

What are the 4 main jobs of management?

Planning Organizing and Staffing Directing Controlling

Resistance to acknowledge others in health care professionals leads to what?

Poor teamwork Interpersonal conflict Potentially poor patient outcomes "Teamwork is essential to a culture of safety"

What are the main new initiatives of healthcare?

Population health Patient-family centeredness

What is Skinner's Reinforcement theory, and what are the 4 types of reinforcement? (extrinsic motivation)

Positive reinforcement Avoidance learning = negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction

What are the best practices for an interview?

Prepare list of questions in advance Focus on necessary job skills and competencies Ask all candidates the same question Take notes Retain interview notes and candidate information for 1 year

What are the responsibilities of the HR staff in recruitment?

Prepares position description and performs job pricing Prepares advertisements Keep track of applicatns/maintains HR info system CHecks applicant references Keeps personnel files and narrows candidate pools

What is the liquidity of a organization?

Refers to ability to trade an assets such as stock or bond as current price, as soon as possible

What is the medicare and medicate reimbursement system to hospitals?

Reimbursements to hospitals: Contractual allowances Diagnosis-related groups Case mix or patient mix

What are the payment methods for medicare and medicaid?

Reimbursements to hospitals: Contractual allowances Diagnosis-related groups Case mix or patient mix Reimbursements to physicians/PT/OTs: Resource-based relative value scale Capitated managed care plans Reimbursements to other providers: Resource utilization groups (RUG) for SNF

What is the medicare and medicate reimbursement system to SNF?

Reimbursements to other providers: Resource utilization groups (RUG) for SNF

What is the medicare and medicate reimbursement system to outpatient PT?

Reimbursements to physicians/PT/OTs: Resource-based relative value scale Capitated managed care plans

What is motivation?

Process by which a person's efforts are energized directed and sustained to attain a goal.

What is strategic planning?

Process of identifying a desired future status for an organization and means to achieve it

What is financial management?

Process of providing oversight of an organization day-to-day financial operations Process of planning the organization's long-range financial direction both externally and internally Increasing organizations revenues while decreasing cost

What is governance?

Process of providing strategic leadership to an organization

Reference checks is a main phase for recruitment and selection of the right employee. What is part of this phase?

Professional references Former employers Disclosure requirements

What are the appropriate ways a leader acts?

Professionalism Role models for organization Being visible Open communicator Risk taker Admitting fault Confident, optimistic, passionate Balance being motivators, vision-setter, analyzer

What is satisfaction progression?

Progressing up Maslow's hierarchy of needs Physiological --> Safety/Security --> Love and belonging --> Self-esteem --> Self actualization

What did the 1964: age discrimination in employment act say?

Prohibited employment discrimination of employees age 40+.

Describe the expected expansion of the health care industyr

Projected to grow 19% from 2014 to 2024, which is much faster than the average for all occupations, adding over 2.3 million

What is organizational climate critical for?

Promoting job satisfaction and retention of nursing staff.

Describe the pros and cons of virtual teams?

Remote areas such as space, antartica or rural areas require virtual teamwork Pros: Less interprofessional conflict, reduced travel, access to diverse employees and talents Cons: Hard to get communication point across. Feelings of intellectual property and is harder to develop team. Health care industry has adopted telecommuniting for some segment sof the industry such a sbilling and revenue

What is part of plan implementation for a strategic plan?

Required approvals obtained Communication to all levels Supporting plans with budgeting, marketing and capital and facilities

What did OSHA allow?

Required employer to maintain safe workplace to workers.

The following describes what method of reimbursement for a 3rd party pay? Determined before service delivery Per diem Per diagnosis Capitation

Prospective

What was the whistle blower protection act?

Protected employees who reported employer misconduct from consequences

PT's are responsible to provide what services?

Provide as many services to the public as possible.

What is patient-family centeredness which is a new initiative in health care?

Providers empower patients and families Making more direct healthcare decisions Leaders must be actively engaged. What is important to patient?

What are the 3 areas to understand about having your own license as a PT?

Quality of work life is essential. 1. Decrease conflict between employee and organization. Allow employees to be independent and more active than passive Think long-term and have holding positions equal to peers. 2. ENRICH JOB. Give PT more tasks and control over jobs 3. Using participate or employee centered leadership approaches. Give for group centered leadership Punishments and rewards should be experienced collectively.

What is part of the organizational assessment (S&W) of the SWOT analysis?

Quantitative and qualitative information Volume forecast Financial condition Strategic performance Core capability Date sources: Interviews, focus groups and surverys

Describe the forming stage of team formation

Questioning Socializing Displaying eagerness Focus on group identity and purpose Sticking to safe topics

What is part of the plan execution for a strategic plan?

Real work begins Stakeholder buy-in Barriers need to be overcomes: Organization culture Lack of focus/too many strategies Leadership issues Limited resources Poor outcome monitoring/assessment

Describe the norming stage of team formation

Reconciliation Relief, lowered anxiety Members are engaged and supportive Developing cohesive

What are the 2 important factors in receiving health care?

Risk is transferred from the individual to the group (risk pool) Cost-Sharing of covered losses incurred by group members

What is a risk pool?

Risks are transferred from the individual to the group, in regards to health care.

Describe the for-profit investor owned tax status of healthcare organizations

S corporations or general partnerships Serve private interest and pay taxes Goal to maximize profits for owners and investors Must serve the community

What can unlicensed aids and techs do?

SET-up care, work under the supervision of therapists Performing answering call bells and assisting patients with ADL's

The following describes what kind of leadership? Defines purpose and vision and aligns people, processes and values (internal and external focus). Ability to influence others and enhance prospects of business and individuals

Strategic leadership

What is part of the strategic plan?

SWOT analysis Organization assessment Plan Development Plan implementation Plan execution Outcome monitoring and assessment

Mental representation is 1 of the main four factors of thinking. What goes into our process of mental representation?

Schemas, mental models, mindsets

What are the 3 main parts of the Focus of management that control the organizations structure?

Self Unit/Team Organization

What is the Employee retirement and income security act?

Self funded insurance plans through employers, to help fund medical costs

What is part of the self development and self understanding leadership competency?

Self-awareness/confidence Honesty and integrity Lifelong learning Self regulation and personal responsibility Work/life balance Drive to achieve Compassion and empathy

What is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or risk thereof?

Sentinel event

HR staff are responsible for coordinating what?

Serve as support for line managers

Describe some attributes of for-profit organizations

Serve private interests Pay state and federal income taxes May participate in political campaigns Motivated by profit Have a limited obligation to provide indigent care Able to issue stock to raise capital

Describe the non-for-profit tax status of healthcare organizations

Serve public interests and are tax-exempt, providing they meet certain requirements and apply for exception with born the IRS and state Goal is provide community benefit and optimal patient care Two types: Business-oriented and government owned Must also turn profit for sustainability

What is managerial ethics?

Set of principle that rule upper management about what is right and wrong. Direct lower managers decision on moral duty

What is compensation based on for a PT?

Skill Job function Number of visits that a person on a daily-monthly basis Performance of staff

What are the current health care governance trends?

Smaller boards, balance of members within and outside Conflicts of interests disclosed- always put company over life conflicts firsts Strategic information presented Evaluations used to identify issues Focus on system functioning Generative source of leadership Manage change

What are the most preventable deaths in the U.S?

Smoking Hypertension Obesity Physical inactivity High blood glucose levels High levels of low density lipoproteins

What is the largest determinant of health disparities?

Social determinants outside of the health care delivery system

What is Alderfer's Existence, resistance and growth and development postulate for need-based motivation? (intrinsic motivation)

Speaks to frustrations, regression principle and moving in and out of different levels of needs being met

What is part of the tactical plans in relationship to the strategic plan development?

Specific for each strategy Who, what, when, where and how for each situation

PT's are licensed providers in all states/. We have to follow what?

State practice acts. Some vary on supervision. ALWAYS comply with state practice acts

What is an organizational mission:

Statement of purpose

HR includes activities that fall under what 2 categories?

Strategic Administractive

Describe what happens in a SWOT analysis

Strengths and weakness Describes organization's internal factors that affect interaction with market Opportunities and threats Identifies market characteristics that influence ability to succeed in the market Basis for strategy identification: growth and protecting strengths

What is bioethics?

Study of ethical issues from advances of biology and medicine. Study of values in related to primary care and branches of medicine. Studies rights and wrongs to health

What are the critical elements of a team process?

Summary of meeting is shared Follow up and follow through are critical

What do team members do as part of the team?

Take assignments with deadlines and follow through

What are tame problems for teamwork?

Tame problems can be defined and while not easy can be solved

What is the difference between wicked and team problems within teamwork?

Tame problems can be defined and while not easy can be solved Wicked problems are Difficult to define and not easily resolved and sometimes can never be truly solved due to multiple layers of issues such as we see in health care

What are the 3 parts of the team?

Team leader Team members Critical elements

The following are the effects of an effective ______________________: Improve coordination and quality of care Use health care services more efficiently Increase job satisfaction among team members Increase patient satisfaction Increase productivit

Team work

What is the main benefit of an effective team?

Teams that are empowered to be innovative and rewarded for their service

"What is essential to a culture of safety"

Teamwork

What is conflict of interest?

Term used to describe when an individual can be influenced by money or other considerations to act in a way that is contrary to the good of the organization for whom he or the works or the patient for whom he or she should be avocating

What is cognition?

The mental act or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses.

What is the primary cause of job dissatisfaction and burnout?

The organization

What is general supervision?

The physical therapist is not required to be on site for direction and supervision, but must be available at least by telecommunications.

What is direct supervision?

The physical therapist is physically present and immediately available for direction and supervision. The physical therapist will have direct contact with the patient/client during each visit that is defined in the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice as all encounters with a patient/client in a 24-hour period. Telecommunica tions does not meet the requirement of direct supervision

What is a budget?

The plan for turning the objectives of the organization into a program for earning revenues and controlling expenditures. Involves all managers

Job satisfaction is linked to employee turnover. What is job satisfaction?

The pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting form the appraisal o fon'es job or job experiences

What is health care management?

The process occurring within organizations for the purpose of accomplishing predetermined objectives through human and other resources

What are the generational issues in the PT profession?

Therapist may have entered profession with a certificate/bachelor's degrees, masters or doctorate Aides/techs may have decades of practical experience Values, work habits and customs are products of the work environment Supervisors may be a fairly recent graduate

What qualities are more likely to lead to a therapist trusting their managers and are more likely to be retained and have higher job satisfaction?

Therapist who perceive that they have access to opportunity; honest relationships; open communication with peers, co-workers and managers. (Good organizational climate)

Who is part of the unskilled support staff of a clinic?

Therapy technicians and aids Office personnel Intake coordinators Billing coders Cleaning and maintenance personnel.

Describe the administrative activities that are under human resources

There are # of functions and actions steps but all are to ensure the company of high level performance.

What are the associated costs associated with accounts receivable?

There are other costs associated with AR, including carrying costs, delinquency costs, and collection costs

Why does motivation matter? What is the result of a motivated employee?

They are fully engaged at work Contribute at a much higher level Are invested, happier, healthier and loyal Motivate others Influence better organizational outcomes resulting in a better competitive advantage for organization

The importance of consumer-directed health care is that, there participation can change and affect outcomes. What 2 things should consumers do to stay better informed?

They should know that they are the determinants of their own health status. (Informed consumer) The benefits and limitations of individual health care practices and procedures.

How are reimbursements given by the uninsured?

They without insurance are billed for full charges: Resulted in rise of personal bankruptcies, due to inability to pay such large sums of money

What are incentives?

Things a company may do to make the work go more smoothly. (job description, improving work conditions, flexible schedule)

A good health care manager can effectively utilize and understand of what in organizational decision-making for the benefit of business and employees?

Thinking Processes!

Social cognition/socio-emotional intelligence is 1 of the main four factors of thinking. What goes into our process of social cognition?

Thinking about attribution, bias, social categorization, emotional intelligence and empathy

What are the most important skills of a health care manager?

Thinking skills, such as using the ladder of inference and organization of thoughts of perception, meaning, assumptions and cognitive biases "SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND TheN to Be uNDERSTOOD"

What does it mean for someone to be underinsured?

Those with high deductible, and high out of pocket expenses, related to income. Medical expenses >10% of annual income Annual income <200% of federal poverty level and medical expenses >5% of annual income Health plan deductibles >5% annual income

How do we measure engagement?

Through analytics and scales. They look at what is making somebody feel best about there work

Describe the importance of cost accounting in providing managers with information. (4 things)

To estimate and manage their costs To set charges and analyze profits To make decisions regarding adding, enhancing, or eliminating services To provide methods for classifying, allocating and determining product costs

What is the purpose of a strategic planning process?

To identify the market forces and how they may affect the organization and to determine directions for the organization to take to address and potentially benefit from these market forces

What are ways to achieve governance of an organization?

Top accountable body- to report the happenings of company Board of Directors or Board of trustees Heighten scrutiny Transparency Each member has fiduciary responsibility Espouses meaning for health care delivery

What are the different interaction styles between different generations?

Traditionalist: Individuals Baby boom: Team players, like meetings Gen X: Entrepreneurial style Gen Y: Participative styles

What are the best workplace motivational messages for different generations?

Traditionalist: Your experience is valued Baby Boomers: You are needed Gen Xers: Do it your way, forget the rules Gen Y: You work with bright creative people

What is disruptive innovation in health care?

Typically involves cheaper, simpler and more convenient products or services

What is a bigger problem in America, uninsured patients or under insured patients?

UNDERINSURED. Those that have health insurance but that which will likely be insufficient if necessary

What are the 5 RUG levels used to pay for SNF with medicare?

Ultra high- includes at least 700 min of care Very high- at least 500 min of care High- 350 of care Medium- 150 min of care Low- 40 min of care

What about thinking is important for a health care manager?

Understand how people think about cognition

What are the most common types of sentinel events?

Unintentional retention of foreign body Wrong patient/wrong site Falls/Suicide Delay in treatment.. such as not going when we should for home therapy Medication errors Burns and chocking

What are the data sources to analyze with a SWOT?

Use interviews, focus groups and surveys

Describe the values, attitudes, behaviors, expectations, priorities, approach, work styles and communication styles of generation X workers (40-54)

Values: Corporate training and investment Attitudes: Independence, work-life balance Behaviors: to be seen as leaders Expectations: Doesn't trust establishments Priorities: Money Approach: Real world assignments Work styles: Techno-savvy Communication styles: Email and text

Describe the values, attitudes, behaviors, expectations, priorities, approach, work styles and communication styles of baby boomer workers (ages 54-72)

Values: Job perks and promotions Attitudes: Not afraid to challenege Behaviors: Strong work ethic, competitive Expectations: Generation X and y should pay dues Priorities: Job security Approach: Group discussion and interactive learning Work styles: Teamwork and collaboration Communication styles: Face to face or telephone

Describe the values, attitudes, behaviors, expectations, priorities, approach, work styles and communication styles of generation Y workers (age 23-45)

Values: Making a difference and credit Attitudes: Values new freedom and flexibility Behaviors: Their work matters in the world Expectations: Life revolves around work Priorities: Make a difference Approach: Web-based learning Work styles: Always connected Communication styles: Text and IM's

Describe the values, attitudes, behaviors, expectations, priorities, approach, work styles and communication styles of Pre-baby boomer workers (born before 45' or older than 72)

Values: Tangible rewards for service Attitudes: Good team players Behaviors: Loyal hard workers Expectations: Hard work pays off Priorities: Homeownership Approach: traditional classroom learning Work styles: tech-challenged Communication styles: formal letter

When you are assigned to a new team, what should you find out? What questions should you ask?

What are your roles and responsibilities? Where/when does team meet? What are goals and how are they measured? What are short-long term deadlines Who do i report to?!

Example problem: Large PT is need of hiring someone to head the management area, practice has grown from 7 to 23 PT's and OT's and owners have realized the clinical and financial record needs of the practice have outpaced current admin expertise. What are the main people needed for this operation to run successfully?

What could make this more efficient and effective. Need for Tech's and Aids. Needs for front desk workers (billing staff) to make sure payments are done correctly. Front desk staff, make phone calls and talk to patients. HR staff to make sure laws and regulations are in place. with worker's comp and cleaning staff Support staff and rehab staff

Planning is one of the 4 main concepts of management, what does this entail?

What needs to be done and how these objected need to be accomplished

What are controllable costs?

Whatever a health care can control Such as amount of money expended in wages, by limiting # of employees

What are the 3 things that cause conflict of interest?

When individual can use their position for personal financial gain. or to benefit for a company in which an individual has a financial interest. When outside financial can inappropriately influence a way an individual carries out their responsibilities When an individuals' outside interests otherwise may cause harm to staff, patients and reputation

What is a virtual team?

When team is geographically disbursed. Large coorperations will work together via a virtual team, for continuity of care

What is conflict of commitment?

When there is a outside relationship that will deter appropriate amount of resources to his or her responsibilities

Capital budgets are also considered what?

Wish list submitted to managers and proposals submitted by managers to finance department

Who scores the highest in emotional contagion?

Women and Physicians. They can perceive people's emotions very well. Identify confidence vs. criticism

What does the research say about effective teamwork and what they do?

Work with more information Developed multiple alternatives Had common goals Injected humor into work environment Maintained balanced power structures Kept focus on the facts and not on personalities in open dialogue

What are the two main domains or areas of human resources?

Workforce planning/recruitment: Determine the future staff needed and acquire them Employee retention: Care, support and development of the staff

Describe team work in the interdisciplinary approach

Working BETWEEN TWO disciplines 2 different focuses on reciprocal action of disciplines Members working jointly together SHARED GOALS Participants surrender some aspects of own discipline but MAINTAIN discipline specific role

Describe trans disciplinary team work or care

Working across and beyond several disciplines Involves providers from relevant disciplines, as well as stakeholders Members of different disciplines working together for a shared common framework Shared goals and shared skills Participants have role release and role expansion Participants develop a shared framework drawing disciplines together.

Briefly describe these less known theories of extrinsic motivation... McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y Ouchi's theory Z Integrative model of motivation

X & Y: Motivation is based on a person either unmotivated and not like to work, or you could coach a person to assist them to achieve a higher level Z: Employees involved in work will be rewarded and stay if they felt good about their work Integrative model of motivation: Most managers use all a combo of the techniques and needs to known all the techniques to pick the right strategy for them

The first 3 months at a new job are usually probationary... What does this mean? What is this performance appraisal?

You go through orientation and see how you are doing. Are you meeting standards? Performance appraisal: Is set to align with your goals and company goals. Comparison of employee's performance with management expectations.. typically with management or peers. Based on specific, clear, communicated performance standards. Potential rewards and consequences should be agreed upon in advance

What is the following: Term used to describe when an individual can be influenced by money or other considerations to act in a way that is contrary to the good of the organization for whom he or the works or the patient for whom he or she should be avocating

conflict of interest

What are Cross functional teams?

group of people with different functional expertise working towards a common goal. Such as finance, marketing, human resources at an employee level

What are uncontrollable costs?

out of control of organization: Taxes and fees imposed on company

What is job burnout?

prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job