Exam 1 (Chapter 1-7)

Reasons for outsourcing

1. Freeing up internal resources 2. Increasing the revenue potential of the organization 3. Reducing time to markets. 4Increasing process efficiencies 5. Outsourcing noncore activities

What are the five phases of SDLC

1. Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Implementation 5. Maintenance

What are the Five Critical Factors

1. Size 2. Criticality 3. Dynamism 4. Personal 5. Culture

Characteristics of Alternative Methods for making Information Systems Identification and Selection Decisions

1. Top Management 2. Steering Committee 3. Functional Area 4. Development Group

__ is/are the final output from the analysis phase.

A description of the alternative solution

Which of the following activities happens during the SDLC planning phase?

A presentation of why the system should or should not be developed by the organization is given

Personal

Agile: Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts. Risky to use non-agile people. Traditional: Needs a critical mass of scarce experts during project definition but can work with fewer later in the project.

Dynamism

Agile: Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments Traditional: Detailed plans and big design up front, excellent for highly stable environment but a source of expensive rework for highly dynamic environments

Culture

Agile: Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom. Traditional: Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having their roles defined by clear practices and procedures.

Criticality

Agile: Untested on safety-critical products potential difficulties with simple design and lack implementation Traditional: Methods evolved to handle highly critical products hard to tailor down to products that are not critical.

Size

Agile: well matched to small products and teams' reliance on tacit knowledge limits scalability. Traditional: Methods evolved to handle large products

According to the DFD conventions, the data flow is always depicted by a(n) ________.

An arrow

In which phase of the SDLC are the system requirements studied and structured?

Analysis

Design

Analyst converts the alternate solution into logical and physical specifications.

Steering Committee

Cross-functional focus; greater organizational change; formal cost-benefit analysis; larger and riskier projects

A ________ is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.

Data Flow Diagram

A ________ is an end product of an SDLC phase.

Deliverable

______ will mostly likely choose projects that are easy to integrate with the current hardware and software.

Development Group

Interviewing Guidelines

Don't phrase a question in a way that implies a right or wrong answer (Do Not Prime) Listen carefully Record Notes 48 hours after the interview Don't set expectations about the new system unless you know these will be deliverables Seek a variety of perspectives from the interviews

___ and ________ are the two processes of prototypes.

Evolutionary; throwaway

The Agile Methodologies focus on the roles that people perform rather than placing the emphasis on individuals.

False

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of top management when choosing an IS project selection?

Faster Development

What is the value of c (overall NPV)

Find the value of c by adding a and b

______ is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of DFDs or discrepancies within a single DFD.

GAP analysis

Top management

Greater strategic focus Largest project size Longest project duration Enterprise-wise consideration

indifferent Conditions

In a decision table, a condition whose value does not affect which actions are taken for two or more roles.

Development Group

Integration with existing systems focus Fewer development delays Less concern with cost-benefit analysis

A ________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

Level 0 Diagram

In which design phase of the SDLC are all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis described independently of any computer platform?

Logical Design

Functional Area

Narrow, nonstrategic focus Faster development Fewer users, management layers, and business functions involved

Planning

Needs for a new or enhanced system is identified. Baseline project plan is developed

Barry asked Jerry for a diagram that shows the sequence of dependencies between tasks. Barry is asking for a ____

Network Diagram

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a steering committee when making IS identification and selections?

No concern with cost benefit analysis

Implementation

Occurs when the information system is coded, tested, installed and supported in the organization.

What is the practice of a company running a computer application for another organization?

Outsourcing

Use case disgram

Picture showing system behavior, along with the key actors that interact with the system.

____ are NOT a part of a decision table.

Policies

Gap Analysis

Process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of DFD's or discrepancies within a single DFD

Which tool enables you to quickly take basic requirements and create a limited working system?

Prototyping

Systems Service Request

Standard form for requesting or proposing systems development work within an organization.

Which evaluation criterion for classifying and ranking projects deals with helping an organization achieve its long-term goals

Strategic Alignment

Analysis

System requirements are studied from user input and structured

Which of the below is a true statement regarding the systems development life cycle?

The life cycle can be thought of as a circular process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system.

Maintenance

The phase in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.

Why is open-source software different than the other types of software?

The source code is free

Which of the following is a critical factor that distinguishes agile methods from traditional approaches to systems development?

Thrives in a culture where people feel empowered by having many degrees of freedom

Outsourcing

Turning over responsibilities for some or all of an organizations information systems applications and operations to an outside firm.

When is prototyping most useful?

When the requirements are not clear Few users are involved in the system Designs are complex and require concrete form to evaluate All want specific system requirements as communication problems have existed in the past tools and data are readily available to rapidly build a prototype.

Network Diagram

depicts project tasks and their interrelationships

Project Charter

document prepared for the customer during project invitation that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project

Gannt Chart

graphical representation of a project that shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to its time for completion

Define the SDLC

is the traditional method used to develop, maintain, and replace information.

Prototyping

iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continuously revised through close collaboration between an analyst and users Quickly converts basic requirements into a working, limited, version of the final information system. View and tested by the user Prompts user for modifications for final system.

Activity Diagram

show the conditional logic for the sequenceof system activities needed to accomplish a business function