Give Me Liberty Ch. 14 Vocab

Army of Northern Virgina

A confederate group who were finally were confronted by George McClellan, who didn't want to have mass casualty. Under the command of Joseph Johnston, and then Robert E Lee, smaller than the Union opponents army.

National banking system

Congress established this after needing to pay for the war, and these required to purchase government bonds and were given right to issue their own currency. Showed how this concept didn't work ideally. Taken together, the unions economic policies vastly increased power and size of federal government.

Battle of Antietam

Deadliest day of American history, where McClellan and Army of the Potomac repelled Lee's advance in Maryland. North could claim this as a victory, since Lee was forced to retreat.

Monitor vs. Merrimac

Famous sea battle between these two boats was the first demonstration of superiority of ironclads over wooden ships, revolutionizing naval warfare. Exemplified new tech in war.

Contraband of war

How the slaves were treated who escaped from slavery, and they were seen as property of the military value to subject to confiscation.( this was in the North).

Army of the Potomac

Main Northern force in the East, marched towards Confederate capital then turned around. George McClellan took command of this in the wake of Bull Run, not much success in the East.

Women and War work

Many Northern women took opportunités of shortage of labor due to men fighting to increase their "sphere", lots of women took part in organizations that raised money for war, etc. In the South, women had to do lots more work around plantation, not in favor of it, which led to decline in civilian morale. Many men understood women's war work as an extension of their natural capacity for self-sacrifice.

Black soldiers and sailors

One of these black "tasks" was on the sea, and these blacks were treated pretty much the same as white counterparts. However, the blacks who participated in the second activity were segregated and did not receive equal pay, and could not rise to rank of commissioned officer. Additionally, they could be sold into slavery.

Radical Republicans

One part of the most uncompromising opponents of slavery, who quickly concluded that institution must become a target of the Union war effort. Later, elected Fremont to run against Lincoln for his second term.

Southern unionist

Organized peace movements in southern states, and these people made a significant contribution to northern victory. One of most celebrated of these people- Elizabeth Van Lew.

Ex Parte Milligan

Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional to bring accused persons before military tribunals where civil courts were operating. Showed that the constitution is not suspended in wartime. Showed how the courts generally gave administration a free hand.

First modern war

The American civil war was sometimes called this, as never before had mass armies confronted one another with deadly weapons created by Industrial Revolution. Lots of casualties.

King cotton diplomacy

The administration in the South tried to suppress cotton production, urging planters to grow food instead of cotton( so the confederacy could benefit). Additionally, banned cotton exports that they hoped would promote economic self-sufficiency and force Great Britain to intervene on said of Confederacy( since they needed cotton). However, Great Britain discovered cotton in Egypt and this turned out to be ineffective.

Sea Island Experiment

The most famous rehearsal for reconstruction. When federal government put land up for sale, Northern whites bought land to demonstrate superiority of free wage labor and making a profit. Each of these groups had its own view on how transition to freedom should be organized.Was widely held to be a success, and black families were working for wages and enjoying better shelter, etc.

Emancipation Proclamation

This document was signed by Lincoln, and did not liberate all slaves, and on the day it was signed, applied to very few. It's legality derived from president's authority as commander in chie, and this document exempted areas firmly under Union control. Didn't apply to loyal border states either. But vast majority of slaves in the South were freed, but liberation had to await until union victories. Represented a turning point in Lincoln's own thinking, committed government to enlisting black soldiers in Union army.

Transcontinental railroad

This project was monumental. Showed how industrial revolution still was producing ideas. Chinese immigrants who worked on this- coolies. Showed how congress made huge grants of money and land for internal improvements. Extremely expanded market.

Second American Revolution

What the transforming of American government and society brought about by the civil war was referred to.

Women in the confederacy

Women in the south were often forced to manage business affairs and discipline slaves, previously man's job. Women did mobilize support to soldiers and stepped out of their traditional sphere to run commercial establishments. However, increasing numbers of women believed that goal of independence wasn't worth it, and this led to decline in civilian morale and encourage desertion from the army.