GOV CHAPTER 6

Executive Orders

-formal rules or regulations with force of law -Not specifically permitted by Constitution -Give great power to interpret Congress's laws -Used to clarify a law's application -May establish rules, regulations for operation of an executive agency

Foreign policy leader

-nation's plans, procedures for dealing with other countries, hosts foreign dignitaries in U.S. -Directs U.S. diplomatic efforts

Chief agenda-setter

-specific programs for Congress to consider enacting into law -Sets government's agenda during annual State of the Union address -Helps Congress prepare annual federal budget

Chief Of State

-symbolic figurehead of United States -Represents U.S. at major events abroad -Hosts state dinners for foreign dignitaries -Party leader—official leader of his/her political party -Helps shape, promote party platform—the important issues for which party stands -May help raise money, build support for party and party members

Commander-in-chief

- leader of nation's military -Has authority to order troops into action, call them home -Congress has duty to declare war -President frequently sends U.S. forces into action without declaration of war

Unofficial Roles

-Chief of State -Party Leader -Chief Citizen

Term of Office information

-Different term lengths considered by Framers -Compromised on four-year term, chance for re-election -Washington served two terms, retired; this became unofficial limit -1940: Roosevelt broke tradition, ran for third, then fourth term -1951: Constitution amended, limiting president to two full terms, and no more than 10 years in office

Natural Born Restriction

-Framers saw requirement as safeguarding gains of American Revolution -No foreign royalty could come to U.S. and claim presidency -Some feel requirement unnecessarily blocks qualified people, seek amendment to eliminate provision

Informal Qualifications for the Presidency Personal Qualities

-Must win support, votes of American public -Must have appealing personal qualities; be likeable -Qualities of leadership -Persuasive, perhaps inspiring -Confident, dignified, poised, charismatic -Must work well with friends, foes -Must be effective manager -Present clear vision -Remain calm and controlled under constant scrutiny, pressure

Appointment and Removal Powers

-President appoints people to fill top posts in executive branch -Presidents today directly appoint some 3,000 people. -Can use power to nominate and appoint as a political tool -About 1/3 of jobs subject to "advice and consent" of Senate -"Advice and consent" posts include Supreme Court justices, federal judges, ambassadors, cabinet members, top military advisors -Most appointees serve "at the pleasure of the president"; can be removed at any time -Exceptions: federal judges serve for life; only Congress can impeach them

Election to Office

-President not directly chosen by the people, elected by electoral college -Constitutional Convention compromise to maintain balance between small, large states -Every state granted number of electors equal to number of its members in House, Senate; still gives advantage to states with large number of House members -All states use popular vote to determine electors; "winner-take-all" rule required by 48 states

Chief citizen

-President, vice president only two nationwide elective positions in government -Primary representative of the American people -Model of good citizenship -Held to high standard of personal behavior by American public

Where and what are the Official Roles

Article 2 of the constitution outlines the executive branch of the federal government and in particular the presidency -Chief Executive -Chief Administrator -Commander in Chief -Foreign Policy Leader -Chief Agenda Setter

Council of Economic Advisers

CEA the group of advisers charged with providing the president with expert analysis of the economy and to also assist in forming economic policy

6.1 short answer question #1 Name two informal roles of the president, and provide a one or two sentence description of each of those roles.

Chief of state Head of government Represents the US at major events. Chief Citizen Model of good citizenship Held to high standard of personal behavior by American public

6.2 short answer question #1 What is diplomatic recognition? What is one example of this power happening as described in our book or class discussion?

Diplomatic Recognition is the presidential power to formally recognize the legitimacy of a foreign government. Ex. President Truman's recognition of Israel's government in 1948. US was a great influence to other countries.

6.2 essay question #1 What are 2 formal checks and 2 informal checks on the presidents power?

Formal Checks Took away presidential right to use line item veto Judicial review Override vetoes Informal Checks Public Approval Presidents without public support have harder time with Congress

Succession

Is the process of succeeding or coming after someone

Informal Qualifications for the Presidency Presidential Backgrounds

Many common features among former presidents: -Well-educated white men from middle- to upper-class families -Religious background in some Christian denomination -Three-fourths had military background -Only Clinton never served in Armed Forces -Four recent presidents served as state governors

NationalSecurityCoucil

NSC the group of the top military foreign affairs and intelligence officials in the presidents administration that focuses on the US national security

Formal Qualifications

Only three formal qualifications listed in Constitution -Must be at least 35 years old -Must have lived in U.S. for 14 years -Must be natural-born citizen

6.2 short answer question #2 What are two things the president can do that are considered part of his legislative powers?

Power to veto and the role of chief agenda setter to influence the powers of congress.

Section 1 at a Glance

The President The Constitution names the president as the head of the executive branch of the U.S. government. The president's official and unofficial roles include: chief executive, chief administrator, commander in chief, foreign policy leader, chief agenda-setter, chief of state, party leader, and chief citizen. The Constitution and its amendments set the presidential term of office, the process of electing the president, the line of succession to the presidency, and the president's salary. There are few formal qualifications for the president, but there are many informal ones.

administration

The group of people who work for the executive branch under a specific president

6.1 short answer question #2 What are four or more informal qualifications of the president?

Well liked role model middle to upper class white male good public speaker

Executive Departments

agencies of the federal government responsible for carrying out laws administering programs and making regulations in their particular area of responsibility

Commander in chief

another title for president who serves as commander of the nation's military forces

Chief Executive

another title for the president who holds the executive power to run government programs and implement laws that are passed by congress

As chief executive, the president has three main powers:

appointing and removing of key executive-branch officials, issuing executive orders, and maintaining executive privilege.

Executive Order

formal signed statements from the president that instruct or guide executive officials and have the force of law

Amnesty

general pardon for offenses

Diplomacy

is the art of negotiating with foreign governments

White House Office

key assistants and deputy assistants to the president that handle much of the daily business in the White House

chief administrator

manages fifteen executive departments employing about 1.8 million people help carry out govt policy

Reprieve

postpones the carrying out of a sentence or the length of time a person is put in jail

commute

reduce in a persons sentence

Pardon

releases a convicted criminal from having to fulfill a sentence

chief of state

takes role of symbolic figurehead of the US

Diplomacy

the art of negotiating with foreign governments

Executive Office of the president

the group of advisers and assistants to the president

chief of staff

the official who manages the everyday operations of the White House office

Office of management and Budget

the organization set up to develop and implement the federal budget, legislation, government regulations, the management of government finances, and the purchase of goods, services and property for the entire government

Executive Privilege

the power that allows a president to refuse to release information to congress or a court

Foreign policy

the president has the job of formulating the nations plans and procedures for dealing with other countries

diplomatic recognition

the presidential power to formally recognize the legitimacy of a foreign government

Chief executive

to see that government programs are carried out and laws passed by Congress are implemented power to execute or carry out the nations laws