government, Final 1-4 final

In the writing of the Constitution, which concept was adopted from John Locke?

individual liberty and property

​The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

In McCulloch v. Maryland, ​the Court argued that "the power to tax...

involves the power to destroy."

parcipatory democracy today

is rare in the US and in other democracies.

Who said that the ultimate principle of the states should be " from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"

karl marx

which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism

karl marx

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

An American who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a

liberal

In general, libertarianism

opposes all gov. action except that which protects life and property.

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it​

allowed inequality and supported racism.

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government?

checks & balances

The constitution ​expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.

create a postal system

Judicial review gives __________.

the Supreme Court the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

Anarchists have gained some visibility in recent years as a result of protests related to the UN

the World Trade Organization

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government​ are settled by

​the supreme court.

according to the text, the concept of order encompasses

preserving life, protecting property and maintaining patterns of social relationships

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

separation of powers

a person who favors gov. ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled as

socialist

Hobbes's state of nature refers to

society without government.

the state of nature refers to

society without government.

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

special district

The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks & balances

Americans are likely to think of freedom and equality as

complementary

Numerous recent preemptions have focused on

homeland security

Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers?

to prevent tyranny by any one branch

compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to

value freedom of speech more than order.

In his 2014 State of the Union address, Obama proposed that the min. wage be raised to

$10.10

Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?​

All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected.

A libertarian is likely to believe

All these choices are true

The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.

Articles of Confederation

Although globalization can threaten national security, this can create desirable outcomes, as shown by the international community's attempt to force Bashar al-Assad to surrender Syria's

Chemical weapons

the concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient

Greece

The concept of separation of power was most aptly described in

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Law

Globalization can be seen as a threat to

National sovereignty

Gov. enterprises commonly engaged in by the U.S. gov. include`

None of these choices is a common enterprises.

Democratic govs. that have in the decades since world war 2 been, at times, avowedly socialist include

Sweden and Germany

the gov.'s role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the US ever since

The Great Depression

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.

Which philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short"?

Thomas Hobbes

National sovereignty is defined as

a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.

Thomas Hobbes's ideal government was

a single ruler with unquestioned authority.

Critics charged that Lyndon Johnson's "war on poverty" had failed because

about 15 percent of families were still living in poverty.

`one example of gov. focus on equality of outcome is

affirmative action programs

Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as

aliens

liberals are more likely to favor generous gov. support for

all choices are true

REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate.

a form of gov. that puts power in the hands of an elite is an

autocracy

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks & balances

Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to

choose freedom over equality.

documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the NSA had

collected data on domestic phone conversations or ordinary Americans

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.​

commerce clause

The greek word demos, which is the root of the term democracy means,

common people

according to the text, only libertarians and ___ are consistent in their attitude toward the scope of gov. activity.

communitarians

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooporative

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooporative federalism

a politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a

demagogue

members of which of the following groups would most likely t support immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship

democrats

Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with

dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

according to the text, politticians openly call for more order____

during times of social strife

Capitalism is best described as an

economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a min. of gov. interference.

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.

elatic/ubrella

when one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called

equality of opportunity

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

equality of opportunity.

When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called

equality of opportunity.

if universities increase funding for women's sports so that they recieve comparable funding to men's that is an example of

equality of outcome

the notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

equality of outcome

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank

social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently​

favored states' rights

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

federal gov; states

Conservatives strongly favor

firm police action and swift punishment for criminals, traditional patterns of social relations and less go. regulation of business.

during the 1990s, congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between

freedom and equality

communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between

freedom and order

using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on

fundamental democratic ideals

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor

the procedural view of democracy is most concerned with

how gov. decisions are made.

A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

increased national power

when the authors say that we live i an era of " globalization" they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly

interdependent.

_________ is the primary form of checks and balances used by the Supreme Court.

judicial review

The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was

judicial review.

the national gov. under the US constitution

lacks general police power.

as derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds the government should

leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits

The broad basic definition of government

legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior

A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice.

libertarian

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

mandate

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

marble cake

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of

national government.

An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.

one in five

An autocracy is a political system ruled by

one individual

Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?

one person, one vote

In general, libertarianism is characterized by

opposes all gov. action except that which protects life and property

According to Thomas Hobbes, Author of leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure

order

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of gov. is to ensure

order

using a two-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support

order over freedom and freedom over equality

New England town meetings are an example of

participatory democracy

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

whereas majority rule is defined as a decision making by 50% plus one person, ___ is defined as decision making by most participants.

plurality rule

a country abiding by the principle "one man, one vote" is practicing

political equality

each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality

the idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote known as

political equality

a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is

political ideology

the greek word kratos means

power

the value of using political concepts in understanding gov. is that they

provide a broader view than looking at specific events.

The value of using political concepts in understanding government is that they​

provide for a broader view than looking at specific events

services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by voluntary acts of individuals are known as

public goods

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistricting.

The __________ of powers is a key feature of the government established by the Constitution.

separation

In James Madison's words, "to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other," best describes the concept of

separation of powers

___________________ is the assignment of the lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions of government to independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches, respectively.

separation of powers

Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that

socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.

___value both equality and order more than freedom, and its members support both affirmative action and laws that restrict pornography

socialists

Although the branches of government are separate, the American people believe which branch of government is the most trustworthy?

supreme court/judicial branch

the national gov. can act on individuals if

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is

the authoritative allocation of values for a society.

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong.

the ancient greeks classified govs. as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on

the number of citizens involved in governing.

an underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because

these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism

John Locke's views on gov. are expressed in

two treatises on Government

an example of a gov. policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income

vermont's civil unions

Desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the US in 2002 to

withdraw from 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its ​activities to

​making laws in areas not specifically granted in the constitution to the states.

​The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

​regulatory

The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored ​by large states was​

​the Virginia Plan.

most gov. at least claim to ____ while they maintain order

preserve individual freedom

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Why was the Marbury v. Madison decision important?

It let the Supreme Court overturn acts of Congress.

Which philospopher inspired the phrase " life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the DOI

John Locke

two nations with deep ties of communism

Russia and China

The broad, basic definition of politics given in text

The authoritative allocation of values for a society.

Consider the following information: the president can veto the acts of Congress while the legislative branch holds the purse strings and approves presidential nominees. Judicial review is not specifically described in the original Constitution, but the Supreme Court soon asserted its power to overturn the laws of Congress and the states, as well as presidential actions, that the Court determined to be in conflict with the Constitution. This is an apt description of

checks and balances

Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as

public goods.

Since 1964, government policies intended to help families most clearly benefited

the wealthy

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.