HDFS 2320 Test 1

relying on common sense

These are all ways to use empiricism to learn about behavior except

a detailed review of past research in a topic area

A literature review is

basic

A psychologist investigating the research question "Which neurotransmitters affect depressive behaviors?" is most likely conducting __________ research.

applied

A psychologist investigating the research question "Which type of therapy most effectively reduces depressive behaviors?" is most likely conducting __________ research.

theories

Explanations of behavior that need to be tested are called

data-driven

If a researcher makes a hypothesis for a study based on results that were reported in previous studies, they are making a __________ hypothesis.

confirmation bias

Seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs is

consent from a parent or guardian

Studies with children generally require

the study being extended because of adverse effects on the participants

The Zimbardo (1973) prison study resulted in all but which

observations

The empiricism canon of the scientific method states that new knowledge is gained from

the Nuremberg code

The first APA ethical code was based on

the simplest explanation of a phenomenon is most likely to be correct

The parsimony canon of the scientific method states that

experiment

The research design that allows researchers to answer causal questions about manipulated and measured variables is a(n)

case study

The research design that allows researchers to gain a lot of descriptive information about a single individual or institution is a(n)

Confidentiality

The researcher's responsibility to protect a participant's identity and right to privacy during and after the research study is known as __________.

observation

The scientific method involves gaining new knowledge through

deductive; inductive

Theory-driven hypotheses rely on _______ reasoning, whereas data-driven hypotheses rely on _______ reasoning.

descriptive

"Are women who are pregnant depressed?" is an example of a ________ research question.

causal

"Does lack of sleep cause depression?" is an example of a ________ research question.

systematic

Asking individuals to complete a task under controlled conditions uses the __________ observation technique.

survey observations

Asking individuals to rate how often each of 20 items related to depression symptoms occurs in their daily lives is an example of which observation technique?

Debriefing

At the end of a study researches often discuss the purpose and benefits of a research study with participants. This is known as ___________.

first

Choosing a research question is the ________ step in the research process.

negative

A ________ relationship indicates that as values on one variable increase, the values on the other variable decrease.

quasi-experimental

A researcher who examines the difference in anxiety level between individuals who smoke and those who do not smoke is using the ___________ research design.

correlational

A researcher who examines the relationship between individuals' tooth flossing frequency and the incidence of heart disease in these individuals is using the ___________ research design.

showing that the benefits of a study outweigh the risks

A risk-benefit analysis involves

instruction type

A study is conducted to examine the effect of instruction type on test scores. Participants in the study are asked to complete a simple math test with either time limit instructions (i.e., the participants are told they must complete the test within 3 minutes) or no time limit instructions (i.e., the participants are not given a time limit for the test). Participants are randomly assigned to one of the instruction types. The independent variable in this study is

is an explanation of a behavior

A theory

Responsible for overseeing the ethics of research with human participants

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is ______________.

authority

Deciding that it must be raining because the weather person said it would rain today is an example of which method of knowing?

informing participants about what they will experience in a study

Informed consent involves

respect for persons

Informed consent is an important element of this principle.

naturalistic

Observing behaviors as they occur in an individual's natural environment uses the __________ observation technique.

social desirability

Participants who want to portray themselves more positively to the researcher and intentionally respond in a way that achieves that goal biases the results of a survey and is called

deductive

Predicting that a dog should breathe because all mammals breathe and all dogs are mammals is an example of __________ reasoning.

What is the gender of the researcher(s)?

When one encounters reports of research in the media, all but which question should you be asking yourself?

typing your topic into Google

Which of the following likely cannot help a researcher conduct a literature review?

basic; applied

______ research investigates fundamental aspects of behavior, whereas _______ research investigates solutions for real-world problems.

beneficence

___________refers to the reduction of risk of harm to the participants as compared with the benefit of the study.