HDFS Exam #1
How does the Family Science Field define "family"?
2 or more people living in the same household related by blood, marriage, adoption, or choice
How does the US census bureau define "family"?
2 or more people living in the same household related by blood, marriage, or adoption
What impact did the Great Depression have on marriage and families?
Caused people to delay having children and delay getting married.
Family of orientation
Family we are born into
Roman Empire
Joyless experience but included sex
Golden Age of Greece
Love wasn't associated w/ marriage - arranged marriage
How does pop culture influence our views of marriage & families?
Make parenting and marriage look easy bc their primary goal is to sell & THEN to entertain
Define & List Characteristics of Polygamy
Many spouses
Middle Age & the Renaissance
Romance & mutual respect began -woman gained some stature
Puritans & pilgrims
Romantic & enjoyed sex w/ spouses - woman's status improved again
Victorian Era
Shy, virtuous woman were valued bc of Queen Victoria - Couple togetherness - Sexual attitudes were prim & oppressive
History & characteristics of Native American Families
history: 2 mil. before settlers arrived Characteristics: -practiced monogamy - Small families -Sometimes had arranged marriages - children worked young
Age of Industrialization (19th century)
- Diff. ideas of marriage -Dad works, mom raises children
Females
- Increased risk of liver damage -inability to achieve orgasm
The purpose of the engagement period
- NOT to plan a wedding - To enhance chances of a successful marriage - To define the goal of the relationship - To think about realities of life together
Characteristics of Slave Families
- Strong couples -close families
Outercourse
- oral sex & kissing
What are some of the most common influences on mate selection?
- parents - Emphasis on personal qualities & love - Independence in choice - social rules of endogamy
List the four basic functions of family.
-Relationships -Children -Economic -Education
alcohol- males
-Shrinking of testicles - chromosomal abnormalities in sperm - decreased sperm production
10 Characteristics of strong families
1. Durability 2. Commitment 3. Adaptability 4. Fulfillment of needs 5. Unselfishness 6. Sensitivity 7. Respect 8. Companionship 9. Stresses 10. Spirituality
Types of unmarried singles
1. Voluntarily & temporarily unmarried 2. Voluntarily & permanently unmarried 3. Involuntarily & temporarily unmarried 4. Involuntarily unmarried
Define the term "civil union"
A legally recognized union for same-sex couples & has similar right as marriage does
Autoeroticism
Alone, sexual fantasies -masturbation
20th Century (Early, Mid, Late)
Early- - families were formed on companionship, - woman were educated - Love, sex, & procreation Mid- - romantic attraction lead to choosing a spouse - Marriage and family are central to American Life Late: - Cohabitation increased - Number of children decreased
Family of Cohabitation
Family formed through living or cohabiting w/ another person
Family of Procreation
Family formed through marriage & childbearing
Define & List Characteristics of Polyandry
Having 2 or more husbands
Define & List Characteristics of Polygyny
Having two or more wives
History & characteristics of Colonial Families
History: - Immigrants were men; not families - woman were imported Characteristics: - 6 children on avg. - Romantic love wasn't a factor - wife was property of her husband - Families produced everything they needed
History & characteristics of Mexican Families
History: - U.S. annexed parts of MX - They earned U.S. Citizenship Characteristics - Large Households - Strong Reliance on extended kin
Sternberg's theory of love
Intimacy- Close feelings of bonding Passion- Romance, attraction, & sexuality Commitment- a. Decided to love someone b. Long term
How did World War II influence marriage and families? what impact did this have on the role of women during this time?
Marriage structure shifted. Women and daughters went to work while the men went to war. Also the avg. number of children per household decreased.
Characteristics of a Traditional Family
Mom- childrearing Dad- breadwinner Children
Matriarchal Family
Mom- head of family
Adam & Eve
No choice of mate selection
Describe the two ways in which intimacy is expressed
Openness & Mutual trust
African American Families (Demographic Stats & Characteristics)
Stats: - 13% of the US pop. -less likely to be married Characteristics: - more likely to have children out of wedlock - duel-earner families - Children are highly valued
Hispanic American Families (Demographic Stats & Characteristics)
Stats: - 16% of the pop. - Extended kin relationship Characteristics: - Youngest median age - Considerable diversity - Bilingualism - Median family income
Asian American Families (Demographic Stats & Characteristics)
Stats: - 5.6% of the pop. - Diverse pop. Characteristics: - Higher median incomes - Higher rates of marriage - Higher levels of education - Lower rates of children out of wedlock
What shifts were seen in marriages and families during the 1950's?
The number of divorces increased & woman became more independent of their husbands
What are some of the characteristics of kinship systems across the US and the world? What are the similarities and what are the differences?
US--> Parents, children, grandparents Non-Western--> Extended Kinship is more significant
Penile- vaginal intercourse
coitus
Christianity
loving Jesus in a "self-sacrificing " way carried over into marriage
Pleasuring
non-sexual -Foreplay
Historically how has our society viewed and used marriage?
not always love-based
"failure to thrive"
not being touched @ birth
Define & List Characteristics of Monogamy
one spouse @ a time