Heart, blood, endocrine
E. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A rise in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood or fall in blood volume or pressure causes the posterior pituitary to release A. Luteinizing hormone (LH) B. Oxytocin (OT) C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D. Growth hormone (GH) E. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
No
Are the atrias contracting during ventricular relaxation?
Decreased
At rest, is the heart rate is usually increased, shut down, decreased, or unchanged?
Granular Leukocyte. Releases histamines (to enhance inflammation and prevent blood clotting to bleed more to get rid of infection)
Basophils
Coronary arteries
Blood is supplied to the muscle of the heart through the A. Cardiac sinus B. Coronary arteries C. Conus arteriosus D. Interventricular septum
A. Systemic circulation
Blood that is transported to and from all of the tissues of the body with the exception of the lungs is in the: A. Systemic circulation B. Venous circulation D. Arterial circulation E. Portal circulation
The systemic circulation
Blood that is transported to and from all of the tissues of the body with the exception of the lungs is in what circulation?
Tricuspid valve
Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the
Pathway of the blood
Body -> vena cavae -> Right atrium -> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Left ventricle -> Aorta -> Body
Nervous stimulation
Cardiac muscle cells do not need ____ to contract
Granular Leukocyte. Multiply in response to: - parasitic worms - allergic reactions - deactivate inflammation
Eosinophil
Red blood cell. Transporters of oxygen and CO2 by hemoglobin proteins
Erythrocyte
Transport, Maintaining temp, pH, and fluid, Protection from blood loss and infection
Functions of blood
A little under a second
In terms of time, at rest one cardiac cycle lasts how long?
The Systemic circuit
L ventricle -> Aorta -> Body -> R atrium
Coronary Circuit
L ventricle -> R/L ventricle -> myocardium -> coronary veins -> coronary sinus -> coronary sinus orifice ->
White blood cells. Complete cells with nucleus. Move through tissue spaces unlike erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Agranular Leukocyte. Immune cells - T cells: attack cells - B cells: produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
Agranular Leukocyte. - Largest of white blood cells - They are macrophages
Monocytes
Granular Leukocyte. Most numerous Responds to infection Eats until it dies, then explodes to cause chem reaction that attracts more neutrophils.
Neutrophil
The Pulmonary circuit
R ventricle -> Pulmonary trunk -> R/L pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> L atrium
Nodes
Structures of the heart that establish the rate of contraction are called ______
True
T/F All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream
False
T/F Contraction of the heart proceeds first on the right side of the heart and secondly on the left
True
T/F Oxygenated blood flows through four pulmonary veins to the left atrium
True
T/F The correct sequence of heart wall layers from superficial to deep is: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
True
T/F The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial node
a. fibriogens
The class of protein involved in clotting is: a. fibrinogens b. transport globulins c. globulins d. albumins e. none of the above
Visceral pericardium
The epicardium is also called what?
e. none of the above
The first heart sound, otherwise called the "lubb" signals the: a. start of ventricular contraction and the closing of the atrioventricular vavles and the opening of the semilunar valves b. start of ventricular filling when the semilunar valves close c. turbulence generated at the start of the filling of the atria d. start of atrial contraction e. none of the above
A and E: secreted by the parathyroid glands and parathyroid hormone
The hormone that acts to oppose the effects of calcitonin is: a. secreted by the parathyroid glands b. triiodothyronine c. parathyroid hormone d. secreted by the thymus e. A and C
Pulmonary veins
The left atrium receives blood from the A. pulmonary veins B. mitral valve C. pulmonary trunk D. coronary arteries E. aorta
D. sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation
The left ventricle A. pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary circuit B. receives blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valve C. has thinner muscular walls than does the right ventricle D. sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation E. Does all of the above
D. in the wall of the right atrium
The main pacemaker region of the heart is A. electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle B. in the interventricular septum C. able to cause the muscle to begin to contract the apex D. In the wall of the right atrium E. Able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously
b. pulmonary arteries
The right ventricle pumps blood into the: a. pulmonary veins b. pulmonary arteries c. aorta d. pulmonary semilunar valves e. vena cava
a. interstitial cells
The testis in the male produces testosterone in the a. interstitial cells b. epidymis c. sertoli cells d. testicular medulla E. none of the above
Larynx and trachea
The thyroid is located just anterior to what part(s) of the body
d. pericardial sac
The tough structure that surrounds the heart and helps prevent overfilling is the a. aorta b. mediastinum c. epicardium d. pericardial sac
d. ADH and oxytocin
The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are: a. GH and prolactin b. estrogen and progesterone c. thyroid hormone and somatotropin d. ADH and oxytocin
Anterior Cardiac Veins
These veins drain directly into the right atrium
Posterior Cardiac Veins
These veins drain into the Coronary Sinus which then drains into the right atrium
Left coronary artery
This artery supplies blood to - the left ventricle - the left atrium - the interventricular septum
Right Coronary Artery
This artery supplies blood to - the right atrium - a portion of both ventricles - the conduction centers (SA and AV nodes)
Hemocytoblasts (stem cells found in red bone marrow)
What are platelets made from?
Oxygen Nutrients Metabolic wastes Hormones
What does blood transport?
Albumins (60% of plasma proteins) Globulins Fibrinogens (clotting) Water Electrolytes Waste Nutrients
What does the liquid plasma in blood contain?
Plasma Formed elements: - Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - Leukocytes (white blood cells) - Platelets (for clotting)
What elements is blood composed of?
Rh- incompatibility
What is Rhogam used to prevent?
Bundle branches
What is a major component of the conduction system located in the interventricular septum?
Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and the tissue fluid surrounding the body cells
What is the function of capillaries?
Melatonin
What is the most important hormone produced by the pineal gland?
98.6
What is the normal temp. for a human?
O
What is the universal donor blood type?
The hypothalamus
What part of the brain is ADH manifactured from?
Connective
What type of tissue is blood?
Eosinophils
What type of white blood cell increases dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions?
Inflammation
When basofils are present, what are the most common symptom?
Beta Cells
Which cell type produces insulin?
B Lymphocytes
Which cells fight infection by producing antibodies?
Calcitonin
Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids?
FSH (follicle stimulation hormone)
Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogen by ovarian cells?
e. left atrium
Which is NOT supplied with blood by the right coronary artery?: a. right ventricle b. right atrium c. the conducting system e. left atrium
neutrophil
Which is the most common type of white blood cell?
The left ventricle
Which of the chambers of the heart can generate most pressure?
d. aldosterone
Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid? a. ADH b. thyroxine c. androgens d. aldosterone e. cortisol
A. Bundle branches
Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the interventricular septum? A. Bundle branches B. AV node C. Purkinje fibers D. SA node E. none of the above
C. Atrioventricular - aortic valve
Which of the following is an incorrect association? a. Atrioventricular - tricuspid valve b. Semilunar - pulmonary valve c. Atrioventricular - aortic valve d. None of the above
a.Blood temp about 100-100.5 degrees
Which of the following lab values is in the normal range for adults? a. blood temp. about 100-100.5 degrees b. 2-3 million cells per milliliter c. blood pH 6-6.5 d.6-9 liters of blood
b. 3 liters - because hypovelemic means low, and an adult male normally has 5-6 liters of blood
Which of the following would be classified as hypovolemic for the average adult male? a. pH=8 b. 3 liters c. 6 liters d. pH=6 e. 8 liters
The erythrocyte (red blood cell)
what formed element int he blood is flattened and circular, lacks a nucleus, motochondria, and ribosomes, and is red in color because of the presence of hemoglobin?
100.4
what is the average temp of blood?
