his 102 - western civs

copernicus's theory of the universe __

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe

johannes kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets...

produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies

what was the primary goal of galileo's experimental method?

to discover what did occur in nature rather than to speculate what should occur

the scientific revolution drew on all of the following for its origins except ...

efforts to prevent a recurrence of the black death

francis bacon formalized the research methods of tycho brahe and galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

empiricism

how did the enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the middle ages and renaissance?

enlightenment thinkers believed that thought had progressed far beyond that of antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

european superiority increasingly was defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior

The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the prussian serfs

how did isaac newton's law of gravity bring the scientific revolution to maturity?

newton synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into on coherent system

a striking feature of the salons was that ...

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.

the primary purpose of fontenelle's conversations of the plurality of worlds (1686) was to

popularize the findings of the scientific revolution

how did the governments respond to the new science?

states established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research

in persian letters, what did the baron de montesquieu use to symbolize eastern political tyranny?

the oppression of women in a persian harem

The concept of the reading revolution refers to

the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually

which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to copernicus's hypothesis?

calvin and luther condemned copernicus, while catholic reaction was mild at first and only declared his hypothesis false in the 17th century

why did scientists find that protestant countries were more conducive to their work, especially after 1640?

protestant countries generally lacked a strong religious authority capable of censoring or suppressing scientific work that challenged religious doctrine

the enlightenment reached its highest development in france for all of the following reasons except ...

France had the highest literacy rates in europe

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

catherine the great of russia came to power in 1762 through ...

a conspiracy led by her lover

The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to

an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues