HIST 151 Final Study Guide (Part 2)

Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it a. a vibrant capitalist power. b. a democratic model for the world. c. a mighty empire like ancient Rome. d. committed to limited government and social equality. e. an example of racial tolerance and diversity.

a

At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi a. went to Spain. b. went to Britain. c. remained French. d. became independent. e. became the creole state of New France.

a

John Locke's contract theory of government argued that a. men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property. b. governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights. c. kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper. d. the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote. e. the government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations.

a

The Federalist essays argued that a. the size & diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government. b. the Constitution was necessary to prevent one faction from taking control of the nation. c. a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large as the U. S. so the Constitution was necessary. d. the Constitution would promote control of the government by one faction, which would be good for the nation. e. if the Constitution failed, the country could always go back to the Articles of Confederation.

a

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws. Who wrote the Resolutions and in response to what federal laws? a. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts. b. Alexander Hamilton wrote the resolutions against the National Bank Act. c. Daniel Shays wrote the resolutions against the Whiskey Tax. d. John Adams wrote the resolutions against the Judiciary Act. e. George Washington wrote the resolutions against Jay's Treaty.

a

Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate? a. It required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents. b. The colonial assemblies approved it. c. It directly affected only a few Americans. d. It soothed American fears of standing armies. e. Most colonies apart from Massachusetts supported it.

a

Why were finances the greatest weakness of the Confederation government? a. States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little. b. An event known as the Newburgh Conspiracy led to a successful coup that had a major impact on the economy. c. The laws of Congress were too strictly enforced, leading many people to file bankruptcy. d. Too much money was put toward the executive and judiciary branches and not enough toward the people. e. The Confederation taxes were too high in an effort to pay off war debts from the Revolution.

a

The Articles of Confederation failed to give the federal government a. full authority over foreign affairs. b. the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce without unanimous approval from the states. c. control of government in the western territories. d. authority to coin money, run a postal service, and direct Indian affairs. e. authority to settle disputes between states.

b

The war that erupted between the French and the British in North America in 1754 a. ended inconclusively as armies rushed back to Europe to offer support at home. b. eventually spread across the globe to encompass battlefields on four continents. c. led to a British defeat and loss of large portions of the British Empire. d. sparked a massive peace protest in London that almost caused the British to back out. e. failed to earn the British the monetary support of colonial legislatures.

b

Which of the following is true of the state militia units that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental army? a. They generally refused to ambush the British or to engage in any hand-to-hand combat. b. They were largely civilians who often decided for themselves when to join or leave the fighting. c. They were the most seasoned troops of the war because of their past experience fighting Indians. d. They were incredibly organized units, even during the first battles, due to how high the stakes were. e. They frequently mutinied and switched over to the British cause due to the promise of land.

b

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Hessians of the Revolutionary War? a. Few Hessians deserted the British army to join the American cause. b. Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British. c. Hessians were no longer deployed when the war moved south. d. Hessians were guerrilla warriors who helped defeat Washington's army. e. Hessians were colonists who refused to support either side of the war.

b

Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? a. The West would be considered a colonial possession of the United States. b. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River. c. Native Americans would be forced to move farther west, all the way to the Pacific coast. d. The population of a territory would never affect whether it was to become a state. e. Territories must first adopt the national Constitution rather than write their own.

b

Why was the election of 1800 significant? a. The election's outcome continued the Federalist domination of the U. S. government and, thus, limited the voice of Democratic Republicans. b. Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied with the same exact number of electoral votes, which created a political crisis over the transition of power. c. The election marked an era early in the nation's history that would remain unaffected by partisan politics. d. The election resolved the fundamental political tensions that had emerged between ardent nationalists and those who prized states' rights. e. The presidency henceforth would no longer be held by slaveholders, which would help make politicians more sympathetic to minorities.

b

Conditions at Washington's winter camp at Valley Forge were a. comfortable, as the local populace supplied plenty of food. b. bearable, as the 900 huts built for shelter proved adequate against the winter weather. c. spartan, as food and proper clothing was in short supply. d. difficult for the French soldiers unaccustomed to the winter weather. e. dangerous due to constant British attacks.

c

The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to a. write a new constitution. b. address the country's financial crisis. c. revise the Articles of Confederation. d. nominate someone for president. e. discuss better trade relations with Britain.

c

What was the significance of the Daughters of Liberty? a. The group consisted of many radical artists who sought to advance women's rights through poetry and painting, as the new nation offered the promise of political gains for women. b. The group was comprised of British women who, in a series of pamphlets, argued that true liberty rested with the parliamentary monarchy of the mother country. c. The group is an example of how the nonimportation movement enabled colonial women to participate in the resistance, such as by no longer buying imported British goods. d. The group was revolutionary in that it was a women-led militia and helped fill a gap in male fighters during the early stages of the war before there was an organized Patriot army. e. The group demonstrated how, as with the Sons of Liberty, the resistance was located almost solely within Boston and proved unable to recruit members in the other colonies.

c

Which of the following is true of impressment in the early nineteenth century? a. The Chesapeake incident was the initial cause of the introduction of the practice of impressment. b. There was a lengthy process of determining the citizenship of sailors before "impressing" them. c. British warships stopped American merchant ships and forced sailors into the British navy. d. American merchant ships rarely attracted deserted British sailors because they paid very little. e. Impressment became far less frequent due to the dangers posed by the Anglo-French war.

c

Which of the following statements about the Boston Tea Party is accurate? a. Native Americans led the charge against the British because they were most affected by taxes imposed on the colonies. b. British governors held a luxurious gathering to flaunt that they had greater access to tea than the Americans and to tempt them to rebel. c. Americans destroyed a large amount of valuable tea that belonged to the British to protest taxation without consent. d. The episode was such a spectacle that it successfully forced the British to repeal the tea tax and ensured peace for another five years. e. American revolutionaries failed to find enough supporters and participants in New England for the British to openly react to the gathering

c

In the era of the Revolution, why were most northern states willing and able to take steps to abolish slavery? a. Founding fathers, such as Jefferson, had long intended to create a nation free of the brutalities of slavery. b. The North had already elected a number of free blacks to political office and established a precedent for more diverse roles. c. The total lack of free blacks who were allowed to join the American army helped the North to view free blacks as everyday people. d. The North had far fewer slaves than the South and was moved by the American ideals of liberty and freedom. e. The North embraced an abolitionist identity in large part because the South had considered the North more likely to abolish slavery than Great Britain.

d

The Louisiana Purchase was Jefferson's greatest achievement as president and risky as a. it meant a political and military alliance with France. b. Napoléon had joined forces with Great Britain. c. James Monroe was opposed to the purchase. d. it was not clearly constitutional. e. it quickly led to war with Great Britain.

d

Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected a. his strong partisan desire to oppose the Federalists now that he was in office. b. his desire to adopt Federalist principles now that he was in office. c. an affirmation of educational elitism and commitment to continued governmental formality. d. a tone of republican simplicity and conciliation. e. his hopes for a new war to unify the country.

d

Which of the following accurately describes Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? a. It recognized Indian land claims and promised women a role in the new government. b. It went on to receive only a few signatures, even in its final version. c. It lacked any mention of the African slave trade and went unedited before being sent to London. d. It listed objections to British actions and expressed the self-evidence of certain truths. e. It lacked any reference to the creation of a new nation and was meant to serve as a warning.

d

Which of the following occurred in part as a result of Shays's Rebellion? a. George Washington declared his support for the rebels. b. The social elite continued to promote the rebels' cause. c. England prepared for the possibility of resuming the war. d. There were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government. e. The state legislature increased taxes.

d

Which of the following was a result of Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey? a. New conflicts erupted in the Ohio Valley between settlers and Native Americans because Native Americans depended on the commodity. b. New York City Federalists boycotted whiskey because they resented Pennsylvania farmers who now paid lower taxes. c. As president, George Washington refused to support or enforce the tax, declaring it unconstitutional and coming to the aid of those affected. d. Frontier farmers formed a rebellion because they had little cash, & grain alcohol was their most valuable commodity. e. Frontier farmers rejoiced because the tax would increase the sales of their main, more valuable crops like vegetables.

d

Which of the following was a result of the Boston Massacre? a. The Revolutionary War officially began in response the day after the massacre. b. The colonists ignored the prospect of a trial because the massacre had been kept secret. c. Samuel Adams defended the British soldiers and sought to create order. d. The colonists experienced shock waves, and firebrands called for justice. e. Americans thereafter quietly paid their taxes to avoid violence.

d

Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant? a. It led the British to revise the Treaty of Ghent in their favor. b. It was the first battle that the Americans ever fought without the help of Native Americans. c. It was fought as more of a formality and resulted in few casualties on both sides. d. It resulted in an American victory that helped set up Jackson as a possible presidential candidate. e. It forced Jackson to accept defeat and hand over western Florida to the British.

d

In 1766, in response to American protests, Parliament a. gave Americans representation in the House of Commons. b. removed British troops from the colonies. c. blamed George III for its mistaken policies. d. issued an official apology. e. repealed the Stamp Act.

e

The Quartering Act required Americans to a. do military service. d. be loyal to England. b. surrender their weapons. e. house and feed British soldiers.

e

The convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was a. Alexander Hamilton. d. Patrick Henry. b. George Washington. e. James Madison. c. Benjamin Franklin.

e

The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson's philosophy and political party? a. As a Federalist, Jefferson wished to place limits on states' rights and believed that the common people, especially the lower classes, were untrustworthy. b. As a Federalist, Jefferson prioritized the values & concerns of northerners & promoted urban and commercial growth. c. As a Democrat, Jefferson envisioned a developing American economy & society modeled on Britain rather than France. d. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson believed in a strong national government out of fear of the tyranny of the masses, especially farmers. e. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual & states' rights posed by big government.

e

(T/F) According to Thomas Jefferson, the US needed a national bank to provide a stable currency and act as an engine of prosperity for rural farmers to acquire funds for land and equipment

f

(T/F) Although the Seven Years' War has often been called a world war, there was very little international conflict

f

(T/F) Due to the disputed election of 1800, the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson was marred by much bloodshed and violence

f

(T/F) During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the national debt grew much larger

f

(T/F) From 1763 to 1803, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France

f

(T/F) In 1776, during the war, the Continental Congress put together the national Constitution of the US, which required different majorities for approval of some legislative measures

f

(T/F) Luckily for the British, beyond the French, other European powers had little interest in assisting the American colonies

f

(T/F) The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless since it was fought after the war had officially ended

f

(T/F) The publishing of the pamphlet Common Sense created a sense of caution among the colonists, urging them to support the British monarchy for fear of punishment

f

(T/F) Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution

f

(T/F) Through the first half of the 18th century, the power of the colonial assemblies generally declined

f

(T/F) Under the Constitution, each slave would count as one person for purposes of representation, but as only half a person for taxation

f

T/F Once in office, Jefferson set out to dismantle Hamilton's Federalist economic program.

f

(T/F) Anti-federalists favored a decentralized federal system of government

t

(T/F) In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson criticized George 3 for perpetuating the African slave trade, but souther representatives insisted on removing this criticism

t

(T/F) One argument offered by British leaders was that the colonists enjoyed virtual representation- the concept that they were "virtually" represented by members of Parliament, despite lacking actual representation

t

(T/F) Shays's Rebellion likely heightened the fear of many social and political elites that democracy would begin to make class hierarchies less pronounced

t

(T/F) Some colonists believed that rather than to protect them against Native Americans, British troops were in the colonies mainly to make them more dependent on Britain

t

(T/F) The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states

t

(T/F) The New Jersey plan proposed keeping a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state

t