History Chapter 13? Homework Assignments

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe and what lose led her to her to write the book Uncle Tom's Cabin?

American abolitionist, author, book was a depiction of life for African American slaves, influential in both Great Britain and the United States, written after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850,main objective of the book was to attack the act and the institution it protected, within the book, Stowe advocated the gradual emancipation of the slaves and freedom for all people. As well in each of Stowe's scenes in the book, it was geared to persuade the reader- mainly the Northern reader, that slavery is evil, not very Christian like and should not be allowed in a civilized society. Harriet's book was so successful as many readers were able to identify the real-life struggles that slaves were going through and another objective of her's was to write a book that the public can relate to. Her father was a preacher- Second Great Awakening. wrote periodicals.

What type of religion were the Know-Nothings? Who did they hate? Why were the Irish hated? What religion was hated? Why was the Catholics hated?

Anti- Immigrant, Anti-Catholic, Irish and Germans- Irish are coming because of potato famine- blight. found Irish citizens dead along the world- mouths were stuffed with grass. came here in large numbers. The Irish were hated for two reasons in American- hated because they took jobs away from naturalized citizens- willing to work less money, cheap labor, refused to convert to Ireland to Protestanism- came to America- they were practicing- Roman Catholic- American in the 1840s hates Catholics- hard to understand- many cathlic churches around today- dont hear aminosity. Most of America was Protestant, most Americans can trace their ancestry back to Europe where their ancestors were prosecuted by Catholics- so they left, Catholics follow them they ask what are they doing, Catholics were not trusted by Americans because Americans thought Catholics would not buy into democracy- blindly follow the Pope. NOT TRUSTED/NOT LIKED. stop immigration- feel like it is hurting their chances of rising up social ladder because they think it reduces wages. drive down labor costs

Define Know-Nothings

Anti-Immigrant nativists- didnt like them, party formed from the wreckage of the Whig party. They were some disaffected Northern democrats and was created in July of 1845

Who was David Wilmot? What was his proposal?

David Wilmot was a United States abolitionist and a political figure. Wilmot was a Democrat, Free Soiler, and a Republican. Wilmot was born in Pennsylvania where he studied law and was elected as a Democrat. Wilmot was involved in local politics as well as being a strong supporter of Andrew Jackson. As well his proposal was known as the Wilmot Proviso- 1846, and its intentions were to ban slavery in the western lands that were gained from Mexico in the Mexican American War (1846-1848).

Why was Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin such a great success?

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin was such a success primarily because it was an exceptional depiction of life for African American slaves. Uncle Tom's Cabin gained recognition in both the United States and with equal reason was influential in Great Britain. Harriet decided to write this book after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed. Under this act, it was deemed illegal for anyone in the United States to offer assistance to a runaway slave. Stowe's purpose of writing this book was to attack the act and to make others see the real-life manner of what slavery was certainly like. The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin advocated the gradual emancipation of the slaves and freedom for all people. In each of Stowe's scenes in the book, it was geared to persuade the readers that slavery is indeed evil, unconstitutional, and was not very Christian. Without an doubt, readers were able to identify the real-life struggles that slaves were going through and the readers were able to relate to her book. If truth be told, the novel articulated the real nature of slavery and was described in a manner that civilians could relate to. Despite being primarily successful, her book produced propaganda that explained the life of slaves. As well, Stowe's novel was the second best seller of the 19th century. On the international level, Stowe's publication struck a permanent place in American culture and was translated into more than sixty languages. In addition, her book humanized slavery and people were able to grasp that slaves were humans that had real emotions and it was by far not an abstract idea. On the contrary, her novel angered many of the Southerners and a majority of them ended up burning her influential book. Out of all the writings within American history, no novel in American history had more than an impact. Her novel turned the country upside down, three million copies were sold, interpreted in over 21 different languages, sold internationally, and was an amazing record of slaves. Harriet's biggest fear was a lose of family member as she lost a son and it came out in Uncle Tom's Cabin. In her novel, Harriet's fear came out in true emotion. In all honesty, Stowe was attempting to show Americans that the institution of slavery made people bad. Stowe was not portraying the image that Southerners were not terrible individuals, she was portraying that the institution of slavery is making these individuals bad. In addition, her book is mainly all propaganda as it is all fiction, not writing from first-hand knowledge, and her entire experience with slavery only lasted a day. Stowe only crossed from Ohio River into Kentucky. Uncle Tom's Cabin was originally written in a periodical manner but was told to write it in an novel format. Major events occurred in Stowe's book, slave owner Legree lived in the South but was an Northerner. Within Stowe's novel, there were two southerners that were good and was born in the South, wrote about mulattos in her book, she wrote about topics such as adultery, how slavery is against the faith of Christianity, and other serious topics. Stowe's novel inflamed the South as Uncle Tom was portrayed higher than the white owner and he told his master what to do- whip a girl, Legree got so angry that he lashes Tom, two other people whip Tom, and Tom passes away. Uncle Tom died a martyr and was made into a Jesus Christ like figure. Uncle Tom's last breath was "I forgive you" and then he passed. Before when Tom was near his master, Tom says "You bought my labor but you did not buy my soul and that what Legree is doing is against his beliefs." All in all, Stowe's novel was by far one of the most influential writings in history and showed the homo-sapiens what slavery was really like.

What was the politics of Republicans?

In the early 1850s, this party was a vital force to the North but to the South, the epitome of demonic.

New political parties emerged between 1854-1856. What events/issues besides slavery caused these parties to emerge? What were the name of the two parties?

Know-Nothings, Republicans

Why did many Republican converts convert in the first place?

Many Republican converts converted in the first place because they were once a part of the Know-Nothings party but then this party fell to their demise. However the Republicans were heaps more efficient in their beliefs and attacking the many affairs. Nonetheless the Know-Nothings played a mind's eye of baseball and within the game they were struck out. The Know-Nothings collapsed due to their incompetence and their inefficacy to hold a national party together. At that point in time, they were knocked to the ground due to their ethnic and religious bigotry which held them back. This party was incompetent as the Southern and Northern Know-Nothings fought over slavery notwithstanding the fact that they vowed to avoid it. Many of the members in the North found a new home in the sufficient Republican party. This is because of popular sovereignty- they feel like those areas should be free soil- not necessarily a moral thing- not saying that they don't want to see slavery spread- they are just protecting their own occuatpatio n

What was the religion of the Republicans?

Many of the members were Northerners, Northern Whig merchants and entrepreneurs joined the party were impatient with the South's hindrance in Congress of federal programs for economic development such as a transcontinental railroad, harbor and river improvements, and high tariffs to protect American industries in the North from foreign competition. Government regulaton- close relationship. promote industries, against its spreading- free the slaves- many more the. Free homestead for homesteaders- Free Homestead Act. gIVE 160 ACRES to any settler willing to go west- Southerners hate that idea because plantations can't exist- need thousands of acres.

Define popular sovereignty

Popular Sovereignty is a doctrine in which the states of slavery in the territories were to be determined by the settlers themselves. This doctrine won wide support as well as avoiding the slavery conflict. Stephen A. Douglas created this term and it was turned to in the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas- Nebraska Act. Basically popular sovereignty meant that the people held the final authority in all matters of government. Citizens can express themselves through voting and free participation in government. As well popular sovereignty is the basis of constitutional government in the United States. The North did not like the idea of popular sovereignty as it violated the Missouri Compromise. The South partially liked the idea of popular sovereignty as it allowed the people to decide if slavery would be allowed in a new territory. Although popular sovereignty attempted not to create troubles, it eventually did in the near future between the divided United States.

Identify the compromise of 1850 and the reason behind it. Also list the four elements that made up the Compromise of 1850.

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five bills that were intended to prevent conflict between the North and the South. This compromise was passed when Millard Fillmore was a President. The purpose of this compromise was to deal with the spread of slavery to territories and to keep the northern and southern interests within balance. The elements that made up the Compromise of 1850 included, California was entered as a free state, New Mexico and Utah were allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery. The people of these states would pick whether the state would be free or slave, Texas gave up the lands that it claimed in present day New Mexico and received ten million dollars to pay its debt to Mexico, slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, and the Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave legally responsible to pay a fine. The last element was controversial as it caused abolitionists to intensify their efforts to get rid of slavery. In addition the Whigs turned to Clay who created the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and they decided to gravitate towards Henry Clay as it would be another compromise that would satisfy both the Northern and the Southern states. On January 29, 1850, Clay, a senator, introduced these series of resolutions to seek a compromise that would bring the North and South together instead of creating chaos and crisis. This Compromise was able to prevent the Civil War for ten years and it accomplished what it was set to do, it kept the country united but it was only temporarily. Despite the compromise helping immensely, within the next decades the citizens of the United States would keep on swimming farther away from each other due to the issue of slavery. They would keep swimming farther and farther away until a tsunami came and the nation itself divided

What was the history behind the Know Nothings?

The Know-Nothings were a secret organization, their name was derived from the reply that members gave when asked about the party which was- "I know nothing". bad things to people

What was the history of the Republicans party?

The Republican party was created in the summer of 1854 in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. In this new party there were anti-slavery Conscience Whigs and Democrats whom were disgusted with the Pierce administration due to the Kansas policy. In addition, the Republicans supported strong state and national governments to promote reforms.

Why did southerners hate the Wilmot Proviso?

The Wilmot Proviso failed to pass but the controversy it received was able to dismantle political party alliances as most of the Northerners supported the Wilmot Proviso whereas a plurality of Southerners opposed the Proviso that David Wilmot proposed. This proposal was blocked in the Southern dominated Senate, and its underlying principles led to the creation of the Republican party. Furthermore this Proviso generated bitterness within the Northern and Southern states. Although this proposal composed of controversy around it, politicians such as John C. Calhoun formulated their own plans for dealing with slavery as the United States were expanding its territory. This proviso is what also led to the Civil War. Southerners despised the Wilmot Proviso because they saw it as a threat and the mission of the Proviso was to halt the expansion of slavery in the western territories and the newly acquired lands. As well, it declared that no territory gained throughout the war with Mexico could be made into a slave state which would weaken the power of the Southern slave states. The Southern slave states were afraid that the Wilmot Proviso would make the North politically powerful that they would not even look out for the South. In addition, the South believed that the North would try to outlaw slavery in the South. Lastly as the country expanded, no new slave states would be added thus free states would outnumber slave states and allow the free states to over power the states that have slavery. The South saw the proviso as dangerous and hated it.

Explain the politics of the Know-Nothings.

The candidates did well in local and congressional elections in the fall of 1854. This party carried 63% of statewide vote in Massachusetts and were strong in New York and Pennsylvania.

Which group favored a closer relationship between the individual and government?

The group that favored a closer relationship between the individual and government was the Republican party. In contrast to the Know-Nothings, the Republicans believed in a strong state and national government relationship in order to promote reforms. Likewise, the Republicans were a vital force to the North but were seen as evil to the South. A substantial ability of the Republicans was how they attacked the slavery issue head-on.

What legislation also influenced her in writing the book?

The legislation that also influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe in writing the book was Abraham Lincoln and his administration. Following the Civil War, Stowe traveled to Washington D.C. where she met with the president, Abraham Lincoln, who showed an immense interest in the book. Lincoln stated to Stowe, " So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war"

What was the issues/beliefs of Republicans?

Their overriding bond among Republicans was their opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories. However, the Republicans attacked the slavery issue head on as opposed to the Know-Nothings. This party was anti-Southern sectional party.

What were the issues and beliefs of the Know-Nothings?

This new party feared that slavery could destroy the Union, achieved notable reforms such as administrative reforms and supported both public health/public education. However this party fell due to their ethnic and religious bigotry which was weak to hold a national party together. The Southern and Northern Know-Nothings fell due to fights over slavery despite vowing to avoid it, and then the party fell to its demise and split. Some of the Northern members found a new home in the Republican party.

Define Republicans.

This party was emerged in the 1850s in the aftermath of the bitter controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act. As well, the party consisted of former Whigs, some Northern Democrats, and many Know-Nothings. They were against popular sovereignty- people in the North don't like that and they are called Free-Soilers. Free Soilers just changed their name to Republians- Free soilers don't want slavery abolished- understand that it is legal- they do not want to live it- fine where is it, just doesn't want slavery to spread/expand, they are not abolitionists. Most Americans aren't abolitionists in fact they hate abolitionists. see the races as being equal- were are inherently not understand that- not comprehending. think major differences between the two groups. by the civil war- republicans are saviors- they freed them.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

allowed Southerners to venture into Northern areas with a warrant and receive their runaway slaves. it made it illegal for anyone in the United States to offer assistance to a runaway slave.

New political parties emerged between 1854-1856. What events/issues besides slavery caused these parties to emerge?

he events and issues besides slavery that caused numerous parties to emerge was the event of the new act- The Kansas-Nebraska Act. Under this act, the Nebraska Territory was split into two territories, which are known as Kansas and Nebraska. However there was an understanding that Kansas would become a slave state and Nebraska a free state. Stephen Douglas proposed this bill and he decided he would let the residents of the territories decide if they wanted to have slavery or be free. On the contrary, this bill predominantly allowed the Southerners to bring slaves into an area that was not authorized to permit this institution. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was in opposition to the Missouri Compromise as it quashed this compromise. A multitude of Northerners were in disapproval to the Kansas-Nebraska Act as they stated, "a criminal betrayal of precious rights" and "a gross violation of a sacred pledge". A further event that occurred that caused the new political parties to emerge was known as "Bleeding Kansas". Within the event "Bleeding Kansas", it was deemed that Kansas would be the territory to support slavery as it had fertile soil, promising climate, and its proximity to the other slave state, Missouri. As the result of "Bleeding Kansas" it provoked lawlessness between Southerners and antislavery Northerners as they were developing a comprehensive drive to recruit settlers and establish them to live in the territory. "Bleeding Kansas" was a horrific event as there was a level of antipathy and malevolence including the attack on the town of Lawrence. In the town of Lawrence, there was a bloody retaliation raid led by John Brown who was the anti slavery agitator. An issue that was in contrast to slavery and "Bleeding Kansas" was the 2.5 million immigrants that entered the States between 1848 and 1860, which was the foremost rush of homo-sapiens to access the United States.