History of Rock n Roll Exam 3

Donna Summer

"Love to Love You Baby" and "Bad Girls." Produced by Munich-based Moroder and Pete Bellotte, Summer moans and groans her way through an extended mix that underscores sensual aspects of disco dancing. Became one of disco's biggest stars hitting the top of charts with "Hot Stuff" (Eurodisco)

The Cure

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Post-punk Depression

A late 70's and early 80's musical subculture, stemming from the punk rock movement. Many bands who are considered post-punk can can also be labelled as new wave and goth. Within recent years many new bands have emerged with obvious post-punk influences. The sounds of post-punk are usually dark, rhythm guitar based with strong basslines coupled with simple drumbeats. The vocalists are often very original sounding and the lyrics, insightful as opposed to commercially accessable. Along with the music a fashion developed consisting of very plain clothing, sometimes dark eyeliner and for the boys short simple haircuts and for the girls more flamboyant hair.

LSD

Accidentally developed by Albert Hoffman, used for recreational use. "Dropping acid" allowed to see new possibilities, open up new understanding and lead to "higher consciousness"

Timothy Leary

Along with Kesey, ex-Harvard professor

The Knack

Another popular new wave group in the 70's that was calculating in the use of musical styles and images drawn from rock's history. Based in LA, led by guitarist Doug Feiger, band signed with Capitol records. First album "Get the Knack" was a smash hit and had a hit single, "My Sharona" and had 60's Beatles-esque attire

The Ramones

Another seminal band to play these clubs in the 70's. Stage names of Joey (vocals), Johnny (guitar), DeeDee (bass), and Tommy (drums) Ramone. Stripped down, high energy style of rock. Band signed with Sire Records and released "Ramones" which contained "Blitzkrieg Bop", never reached Billboard's top 40

Ken Kesey

Author who publicly rejected "the establishment" saw drugs as unlocking the "doors of perception"

Hair Bands

Bands of the 80's including Def Leppard, Bon Jovi, Guns N Roses, Alice Cooper, KISS, David Bowie, Poison, Motley Crue, Glam metal (also known as hair metal, sleaze metal and often used synonymously with pop metal)[1][2] is a subgenre of hard rock and heavy metal. It combines elements of those genres with punk rock and pop music, adding catchy hooks and guitar riffs, while borrowing from the aesthetic of 1970s glam rock. The style can be traced back to acts like Aerosmith, Kiss, Boston, Cheap Trick, The New York Dolls, and Van Halen.[3] It arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the Los Angeles Sunset Strip music scene, pioneered by bands such as Mötley Crüe, Quiet Riot, Ratt and Bon Jovi. It was popular throughout the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, bringing to prominence bands including Poison, Cinderella, and Warrant. Glam metal was also associated with flashy clothing and makeup. Poison, for example, had long shaggy or backcombed hair, accessories, metal studs, leather and make-up during their live performances. The genre lost mainstream interest in the late 1980s as the perceived excesses of glam metal created a backlash against the genre.[4][5] Another factor in its decline was the rise of grunge, which had a stripped-down aesthetic and a complete rejection of the glam metal visual style. It has enjoyed a revival since the beginning of the new millennium with reunions of many popular acts from the genre`s 1980s heydays, as well as the retro styling of new bands including The Darkness from the UK and Steel Panther from Los Angeles.

CBGB

Bar in lower Manhattan, name acronym for country, bluegrass, and blues. Television and Smith were sharing the bill and attracting attention. Became home of the NY punk scene, prominent club of NY underground

The Cars

Boston-based, led by guitarist and vocalist Ric Ocasek and drummer David Robinson were among the first new wave bands to break onto the FM rock radio playlists. Signed to Elektra, well versed in early rock styles. Singles included "My Best Friend's Girl" and "Just What I Needed"

NY Punk

By fall of 1977 American rock fans began to hear about a movement in the UK. Groups like the Sex Pistols, Buzzcocks and the Clash became popular, punk associated with aggressive and dangerous images, "new wave," popular in Pacific Northwest, Detroit, and New York

Reggae

Came into play in the 70's, Jamaican form of popular music entered the mainstream in US and Britain. Roots in American rock and R&B, produced aftershocks in later pop styles especially punk and rap. Jamaican music played a large role in mainstream pop music in the US since the 40's and 50's. Rolling feel of New Orleans.

Malcolm McLaren

Central character in punk music and culture in UK. Ran a clothing store called in London called Let It Rock. Interested in rock n roll clothing, and launched shop Too fast to Live, Too Young to Die. Provided bands with punk fashion, renamed clothing shop Sex Malcolm Robert Andrew McLaren (22 January 1946 - 8 April 2010[1]) was a British musician, impresario, visual artist, performer, clothes designer and boutique owner, notable for combining these activities in an inventive and provocative way.

Rise of Corporate Record Producers

Change was accompanied by a decrease in the freedom of disc jockeys to choose their own music. Major corporations invested in the music business, buying radio stations. Programming decisions were made to maximize profits. Growing perception that AOR had abandoned the rebelliousness once central to the rock movement and it was often called corporate rock" by its detractors.

New Wave

Commercial music businesses relabeled punk as new wave. Tamed more aggressive elements of punk, making it more of an artsy aesthetic statement than a statement of nihilism or protest. To reflect on urban alienation and have background in the artsNew wave music is an umbrella term for several late-1970s to mid-1980s pop/rock musical styles with ties to 1970s punk rock.[13] The wide range of bands categorized under this term has been a source of much confusion and controversy. The new wave sound of the late 1970s moved away from the smooth blues and rock & roll sounds to create music with a twitchy, agitated feel, choppy rhythm guitars and fast tempos. Initially—as with the later post-punk—new wave was broadly analogous to punk rock before branching as a distinctly identified genre, incorporating electronic/experimental music, mod, disco and pop. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including New Romantic and gothic rock. New wave differs from other movements with ties to first-wave punk as it displays characteristics common to pop music, rather than the more "arty" post-punk,[14] though it incorporates much of the original punk rock sound and ethos[6][15] while arguably exhibiting greater complexity in both music and lyrics. Common characteristics of new wave music, aside from its punk influences, include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as a great amount of diversity.

Counterculture

Continued from previous; "turn on, tune in, and drop out"; wanted to seek out native approaches to life and culture, influenced by civil rights movements, suspicious of institutions of America

Psychedelia

Counterculture of the 60's explored drug use, radical philosophy, and Eastern religion. Drugs such as LSD, marijuana, etc to lead to "higher consciousness"

The Police

Debuted in America in context of new wave. First album "Outlandos d'Amour" from 79 contained "Roxanne" and "Can't Stand Losing You." Became well known for complex drumming of Stewart Copeland, literary lyrics of Sting, and atmospheric guitar of Andy Summers. Became one of the most important bands of the 80's.

Iggy Pop

Detroit based outrageous performer, challenged audiences as shows, raw sound, loud guitars, heavy drumming and screaming vocals. "Fun House" 1970

"Disco Sucks"

Disco caused a violent reaction within parts of the rock music community. Anti-disco rally held in Chicago by DJ Steve Dahl in 1979. Disco records blown up in the middle of White Sox game with intense rioting. Hatred of disco was widespread among rock fans who popularized the slogan "disco sucks." Common fallacy that rockers were against gay community. Another is that disco stood in direct confrontation to hippie aesthetic.

The Jam

Drew looks from mods and musical influences from the mid 60's Kinks and Who. Paul Weller on guitar and vocals, Bruce Foxton on bass, and Rick Buckler on drums. Signed with Polydor and released "In the City" in 1977

John Travolta and Saturday Night Fever

Film in 1977, Travolta became model for macho disco dancer, establishing a markedly heterosexual context for disco. Soundtrack had tracks by BeeGees: "Stayin' Alive" and "Night Fever."

Poly Styrene

Fronted X Ray Spex experiences brief success with "Germ Free Adolescents" and the Slits, an all female punk trio

Foo Fighters

Grew out of Nirvana and Sunny Day Real Estate. Fronted by guitarist Dave Grohl who played drums for Nirvana, released a series of albums since mid 90's that placed them consistently in the upper reaches of the pop charts. Music is less angry and internal

The Sex Pistols

Guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook, Glen Matlock on bass and John Lydon as vocals. Managed by McLaren, first single "Anarchy in the UK," reputation as trouble makers, placed seven singled in the UK top 10 in the late 70'sThe Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Although their original career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.

Metallica

Heavy metal band that started in LA but moved to San Francisco. Influenced by Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, and Deep Purple and new wave of British heavy metal. "One" words and music by James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich. Embraced a form called speed metal which refers to the fast tempos and blazing guitars

Pearl Jam

Host of alternative bands had commercial success in Nirvana's wake. Led by singer Eddie Vedder. Albums "Ten" and "Vitalogy." Music was in many ways closer to heavy metal that preceded it. Central to alternative rock scene but also important to anti commercial aesthetic of alt-rock lifestyle.

Alternative Rock

In early 90's indie based community made a significant move into the mainstream with "alternative"music. Embraced punks return to simplicity and directness to expression. Viewed as marketing label rather than a distinct musical style. Dressed casually and resisted the idea of recording for a major label and worked with smaller indie labels

Alice in Chains

Initially signed by Columbia records as a metal band, formed by singer Layne Staley in the late 80's. Penchant for dark lyrics dealing w/ drug addiction and deal are similar to those of speed metal bands like Metallica or Megadeth. Promoted as a "Seattle band" which helped sales of "Facelift" and pushed "Dirt" to number 6 in the US.

Joe Jackson

Joe Jackson (born David Ian Jackson, 11 August 1954)[1] is an English musician and singer-songwriter now living in Berlin, whose five Grammy Award nominations span from 1979 to 2001.[2] He is probably best known for the 1978 hit song and first single "Is She Really Going Out with Him?"; for his 1982 Top 10 hit, "Steppin' Out"; and for his 1984 success with "You Can't Get What You Want (Till You Know What You Want)". He was popular for his pop/rock and new wave music early on before moving to more eclectic, though less commercially successful, pop/jazz/classical hybrids.

Disco

Late 70's, dance oriented. Long history as underground style; popularity attributed to interest in enjoying music through physical movement. Dancing was a popular element in black pop prior. First grew within urban gay communities in NY. First hits were "Rock Your Baby" by George McCrae and "The Hustle" by Van McCoy. Had direct dance beat with a catchy pop hook repeated frequently.

Bob Marley and the Wailers

Leader of the reggae movement, background in Jamaican pop that stretched into the 60's. Wailers were a vocal trio of Marley, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Livingston. Signed by Jamaican prodder Lee "Scratch" Perry. First recordings released in Jamaica. Hits were funk-influenced R&B and built on drum and bass groove that emphasize upbeats. "Get Up, Stand Up"

The Buzzcocks

Led by Pete Shelley, released a series of successful albums, including "Another Music in a Different Kitchen" and "Love Bites"

Nirvana

Led by singer, songwriter, and guitarist Kurt Cobain. Dedication to idea that their music rejected the rock star apparatus. Projected image of amateurism. "In Utero" and "Unplugged in New York" both hit the number 1 slot in the US and UK. Catchy guitar patterns and low strings, calculated carelessness in lyrics, contrast between mellow verses and frenetic chorus sections, bipolar nature of music. Bassist Krist Novoselic, drummer Dave Grohl, and main producers Butch Vig and Steve Albini. Cobain committed suicide in April 1994

Soundgarden

Led by vocals of Chris Cornell and guitar playing of Kim Thayil, emerged from Seattle. Blend of heavy metal, 70's blues rock, and 60's psychedelia achieved national commercial success in 94 with release of "Superunknown"

The Velvet Underground

Lou Reed was professional songwriter and John Cale. Associated with pop artist Andy Warhol who included group in his pop-art shows. Reed on guitar and vocals, Cale on bass and viola, Sterling Morrison on guitar, and Maureen Tucker on drums.

Heavy Metal

Lyrics "heavy metal thunder" appeared in Steppenwolf's "Born to Be Wild." Developed out of the harder, more aggressive aspects of rock from the same 60's and 70's. Garage band music of Kingsmen and early punk of MC5 and Stooges were early models.

The Clash

Managed by Bernard Rhodes, Joe Strummer on vocals and guitar,Paul Simonen on bass, Mick Jones on guitar, and Tory Chimes on drums. Entered American market with release of "London Calling," incorporated American R&B, reggae and ska into their brand of UK punk

Richard Hell and the Voidoids

Manic performing style and sense of punk fashion

New York Dolls

Most important band on the NY underground scene. Fronted by flamboyant David Johansen, incorporated elements of British glam into their performances of gritty, hard driving rock music. Used makeup and costumes but projected image of danger and toughness. Two albums: New York Dolls and too Much Too Soon

Devo

New wave, led by brothers Bob and Mark Mothersbaugh. Used costumes, space aged keyboards and guitar sounds and alienated vocals. Image of futuristic being from 50's science fiction movies. Produced by Brian Eno, did a mechanistic cover of "Satisfaction"

Seattle's Grunge Scene

Nirvana was most significant band that came out of Seattle in first half of the 90'sGrunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged during the mid-1980s in the American state of Washington, particularly in Seattle. The early Grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop, but by the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with Grunge acts in California and other parts of the U.S. building strong followings and signing major record deals. Inspired by hardcore punk and heavy metal, grunge is generally characterized by heavily distorted electric guitars, contrasting song dynamics, "growling" vocals and apathetic or angst-filled lyrics. The grunge aesthetic is stripped-down compared with other forms of rock music, and many grunge musicians were noted for their unkempt appearances and rejection of theatrics.

Patti Smith

Poet who teamed up with guitarist and rock critic Lenny Kaye. Less musical events than literary ones. Added pianist Richard Sohl and released "Hey Joe" in 74, made famous by Hendrix. Eventually included Ivan Krahl on bass and Jay Dee Daugherty on drums, became the first band from the developing NY punk scene to sign a major label record deal

UK Punk

Rise of punk linked to socioeconomic circumstances- economic recession in mid 70's. Jobs hard to find for Britain's youth, despair turned to anger which was represented by punk

Rock Against Racism

Rock Against Racism (RAR) was a campaign set up in the United Kingdom in 1976 as a response to an increase in racial conflict and the growth of white nationalist groups such as the National Front. The campaign involved pop, rock, punk and reggae musicians staging concerts with an anti-racist theme, in order to discourage young people from embracing racism. The campaign was founded, in part, as a response to statements and activities by well-known rock musicians that were widely regarded as racist.

Siouxsie and the Banshees

Sid Vicious played drums for debut concert, bassist Steven Severin. Signed with Polydor and released "Hong Kong Garden" followed by "the Scream" which was a dark, brooding album with gothic covers of the Beatles. Success in 80's, not the only woman in British punk

Blondie

Signed with Chrysalis in 78. "Plastic Letters" did well in the UK. Several smash hit singles in America, "Call Me" "Tide is High" and "Heart of Glass." Went from a band many at CBGB thought were the least likely to make any headway in the business to the most successful

Elvis Costello

Signed with Stiff in the UK, distributed by Columbia in the US. Releases were among the first British new wave records to make the US Top 40 in the first half of 78. Gave Costello national exposure, brought in as last minute replacements on SNL, helped launch punk and new wave into the mainstream.

Motley Crue

Singer Vince Neil and drummer Tommy Lee emerged from LA club circuit in 83 with "Shout at the Devil" and increased in popularity throughout the decade. "Dr. Feelgood" became their best selling album. Guitar driven, pop oriented metal, high almost screaming vocals, loud and aggressive drumming

The BeeGees

Staple hits in "Saturday Night Fever," one of the first disco acts to emerge in the mainstream, The Bee Gees were a pop music group that was formed in 1958. The group's line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a rock act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. They wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.

Rise of FM Rock Radio

Tremendous growth in radio industry in 70's. FM stations broadcasted rock music from the beginning of the decade. This format developed into what is now called "album-oriented rock" or AOR. Change was accompanied by a decrease in the freedom of disc jockeys to choose their own music. Major corporations invested in the music business, buying radio stations. Programming decisions were made to maximize profits. FM radio shifted from free-form 1960s approach to AOR Album cuts became the norm Big advertising money was at stake Stations played what would generate high advertising rates Advertising rates are based on several aspects How many listeners a station has Who listens to their station Age of listeners Listeners' income How long they listen before they switch to another station Advertising concerns can affect what music gets played By the late 1970s stations were heavily formatted Program directors or consultants calling the shots Disk-jockeys choosing less of the music Long tracks were no longer considered "radio friendly" Did not leave enough time for commercials Listeners would change the channel The ideal length for a radio friendly track was about four to five minutes