Honors Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 5 Review
_________ Endocrine
Uses hormones to regulate body functions
________ Digestive
esophagus
List the 11 organ systems discussed in this chapter
(1) Integumentary; (2) skeletal; (3) muscular; (4) nervous; (5) endocrine; (6) cardiovascular; (7) lymphatic; (8) respiratory; (9) digestive; (10) urinary; (11) reproductive.
________ Integumentary
hair
Which does not belong: Veins - Arteries - Heart - Pancreas
pancreas (the others refer to the circulatory system)
.....Chapter Test....
pg 101
________ Urinary
ureters
Urinary System (functions)
elimination of wastes, electrolyte balance, acid-base, water balance
The ___________ is part of both the male reproductive and urinary systems
urethra
....Chapter 5 Study Guide....
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The term balance is used in this chapter. This is another term for homeostasis. Review the functions of the systems and list those functions that are homeostatic.
All functional components of a system are designed to operate in such a manner that they maintain a homeostatic balance for that system and the body as a unit.
Define organ
An organ is a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues, organized in such a way that the tissues can perform complex functions.
Define organ system
An organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that together they can perform a more complex function than can any one organ alone.
Describe how the skin is able to assist in the body's ability to regulate temperature
Body temperature can be regulated by sweating.
_________ Urinary
Cleans the blood of metabolic wastes and regulates electrolyte balance
List the organs that help rid the body of waste and name the type of waste that each organ removes
Digestive system—The primary organs and the secondary organs of the digestive system work together to insure proper utilization of nutrients. Primary organs—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal. Accessory organs—teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix. Food that enters the gastrointestinal tract is digested, its nutrients are absorbed, and the undigested residue is eliminated from the body as waste material called feces. The kidneys continually clean and filter the blood. The waste product the kidneys produce is urine, which flows out of the kidneys through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored before finally leaving the body through the urethra. Lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide. Skin eliminates water and some salts in sweat
_________ Reproductive
Ensures the survival of the species rather than the individual
_________ Respiratory
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide and regulates acid-base balance
Most of the organ systems have more than one function. List two funtions of the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory & urinary.
Integumentary system functions—protection and regulation of body temperature. Skeletal system functions—support and movement. Muscular system functions—movement and maintenance of body posture. Lymphatic system functions—transportation and immunity. Respiratory system functions—exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs and filtration of irritants from inspired air. Urinary system functions—cleaning blood of waste products, excreting urine, and maintaining acid-base balance.
_________ Digestive
Physical and chemical change in nutrients and absorption of them
__________ Integumentary
Protects underlying structures, sensory reception, and regulation of body temperature
_________ Skeletal
Provides a rigid framework for the body and stores minerals
_________ Muscular
Provides movement, body posture, and heat
List the function of tendons
Tendons are bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure, which aids in movement and stability.
List examples of stimuli to which the skin sense receptors can respond
The body can respond to pain, pressure, touch, and temperature change.
Describe some of the differences between the lymphatic and cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which acts as a pump; arteries; veins; and capillaries, all of which are part of a closed system that supplies blood to the body. The lymphatic system is composed of lymph, nodes, lymphatic vessels, and specialized organs such as the tonsils, thymus, and spleen. The lymph vessels are filled with lymph fluid, which contains lymphocytes, protein, and some fatty molecules. Unlike blood, lymph does not circulate repeatedly through a closed circuit. Lymph flows through the lymphatic vessels, entering the circulatory system through the large ducts, including the thoracic duct.
In addition to bone, name the other tissues included in the skeletal system
The skeletal system includes related tissues such as cartilage and ligaments, which provide a framework for support and protection.
Describe what is unique about the reproductive system
The unique function of the reproductive system ensures the survival not only of the individual, but also of the human race. This takes place as a result of hormone production that aids and enables the development of sexual characteristics, resulting in a normal reproductive system.
_________ Lymphatic
Transports fatty nutrients from the digestive system to the blood
__________ Cardiovascular
Transports substances from one part of the body to another
_________ Nervous
Uses electrochemical signals to integrate and control body functions
Reproductive System (organs)
a. gonads - testes and ovaries b. accessory organs, ducts, and glands
Which does not belong: Hormones - Pituitary - Pancreas - Appendix
appendix (the others refer to the endocrine system)
Skeletal System (organs)
bones, joints
Nervous System (organs)
brain, spinal cord, nerves
________ Circulatory
capillaries
The skeletal system is composed of bone tissue and these two related tissues: _________ and __________
cartilage; ligaments
Nervous System (functions)
communication, integration, control, recognition of sensory stimuli
Digestive System (functions)
digestion of food, absorption of nutrients
Respiratory System (functions)
exchange of gases in the lungs, regulation of acid-base balance
The primary organs of the digestive system make a long tube called the _____________ ________
gastrointestinal tract
________ Reproductive
genitalia
The ________, _________, _________, and _______ _______ are called the accessory structures of the skin
hair; nails; glands; sense organs
Circulatory System (organs)
heart, blood, vessels
________ Endocrine
hormones
________ Skeletal
joints
Which does not belong: Cardiac - Smooth - Joints - Voluntary
joints (the others refer to the muscular system)
Urinary System (organs)
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
________ Respiratory
larynx
Which does not belong: Thymus - Spleen - Tonsils - Liver
liver (the others refer to the lymphatic system)
Lymphatic System (organs)
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils
Although it is part of the skeletal system, red bone marrow is often considered to also be a ____________ structure
lymphoid
Which does not belong: Pharynx - Trachea - Mouth - Alveoli
mouth (the others refer to the respiratory system)
Digestive System (organs)
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anal canal, teeth, salivary glands,tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix
Muscular System (functions)
movement, maintains body posture, produces heat
Muscular System (organs)
muscles
The nervous system can generate special electrochemical signals called __________ __________
nerve impulses
Respiratory System (organs)
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
.....Review Questions.....
page 100
Which does not belong: Pineal- Baldder - Ureters - Urethra
pineal (the others refer to the urinary system)
Which does not belong: Pituitary - Brain - Spinal cord - Nerves
pituitary (the others refer to the nervous system)
Endocrine System (organs)
pituitary, thymus, pineal, adrenal, hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, ovaries, testes
Integumentary System (functions)
protection, regulation of body temperature, synthesis of chemicals and hormones, serves as a sense organ
Which does not belong: Uterus - Rectum - Gonads - Prostate
rectum (the others refer to the reproductive system)
Endocrine System (functions)
secretion of hormones, communication, inegration, control
_________ ________ is another term for voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
Integumentary System (organs)
skin, nails, hair, sense receptors, sweat glands, oil glands
________ Nervous
spinal cord
________ Lymphatic
spleen
Skeletal System (functions)
support, movement, storage of minerals, blood formation
Reproductive System (functions)
survival of species, production of sex cells, fertilization, development, birth, nourishment of offspring, production of hormones
________ Muscular
tendons
Which does not belong: Cartilage - Joints - Ligaments - Tendons
tendons (the others refer to the skeletal system)
The gonads for the male reproductive system are the ___________. For the female reproductive system, the gonads are the ___________.
testes; ovaries
The ___________ is part of both thelymphatic and endocrine systems
thymus
Which does not belong: Thymus - Nails - Hair - Oil glands
thymus (the others refer to the integumentary system)
Which does not belong: Esophagus - Pharynx - Mouth - Trachea
trachea (the others refer to the digestive system)
Circulatory System (functions)
transportation, immunity
Lymphatic System (functions)
transportation, immunity