Honors Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 5 Review

_________ Endocrine

Uses hormones to regulate body functions

________ Digestive

esophagus

List the 11 organ systems discussed in this chapter

(1) Integumentary; (2) skeletal; (3) muscular; (4) nervous; (5) endocrine; (6) cardiovascular; (7) lymphatic; (8) respiratory; (9) digestive; (10) urinary; (11) reproductive.

________ Integumentary

hair

Which does not belong: Veins - Arteries - Heart - Pancreas

pancreas (the others refer to the circulatory system)

.....Chapter Test....

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________ Urinary

ureters

Urinary System (functions)

elimination of wastes, electrolyte balance, acid-base, water balance

The ___________ is part of both the male reproductive and urinary systems

urethra

....Chapter 5 Study Guide....

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The term balance is used in this chapter. This is another term for homeostasis. Review the functions of the systems and list those functions that are homeostatic.

All functional components of a system are designed to operate in such a manner that they maintain a homeostatic balance for that system and the body as a unit.

Define organ

An organ is a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues, organized in such a way that the tissues can perform complex functions.

Define organ system

An organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that together they can perform a more complex function than can any one organ alone.

Describe how the skin is able to assist in the body's ability to regulate temperature

Body temperature can be regulated by sweating.

_________ Urinary

Cleans the blood of metabolic wastes and regulates electrolyte balance

List the organs that help rid the body of waste and name the type of waste that each organ removes

Digestive system—The primary organs and the secondary organs of the digestive system work together to insure proper utilization of nutrients. Primary organs—mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal. Accessory organs—teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix. Food that enters the gastrointestinal tract is digested, its nutrients are absorbed, and the undigested residue is eliminated from the body as waste material called feces. The kidneys continually clean and filter the blood. The waste product the kidneys produce is urine, which flows out of the kidneys through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored before finally leaving the body through the urethra. Lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide. Skin eliminates water and some salts in sweat

_________ Reproductive

Ensures the survival of the species rather than the individual

_________ Respiratory

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide and regulates acid-base balance

Most of the organ systems have more than one function. List two funtions of the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory & urinary.

Integumentary system functions—protection and regulation of body temperature. Skeletal system functions—support and movement. Muscular system functions—movement and maintenance of body posture. Lymphatic system functions—transportation and immunity. Respiratory system functions—exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs and filtration of irritants from inspired air. Urinary system functions—cleaning blood of waste products, excreting urine, and maintaining acid-base balance.

_________ Digestive

Physical and chemical change in nutrients and absorption of them

__________ Integumentary

Protects underlying structures, sensory reception, and regulation of body temperature

_________ Skeletal

Provides a rigid framework for the body and stores minerals

_________ Muscular

Provides movement, body posture, and heat

List the function of tendons

Tendons are bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure, which aids in movement and stability.

List examples of stimuli to which the skin sense receptors can respond

The body can respond to pain, pressure, touch, and temperature change.

Describe some of the differences between the lymphatic and cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which acts as a pump; arteries; veins; and capillaries, all of which are part of a closed system that supplies blood to the body. The lymphatic system is composed of lymph, nodes, lymphatic vessels, and specialized organs such as the tonsils, thymus, and spleen. The lymph vessels are filled with lymph fluid, which contains lymphocytes, protein, and some fatty molecules. Unlike blood, lymph does not circulate repeatedly through a closed circuit. Lymph flows through the lymphatic vessels, entering the circulatory system through the large ducts, including the thoracic duct.

In addition to bone, name the other tissues included in the skeletal system

The skeletal system includes related tissues such as cartilage and ligaments, which provide a framework for support and protection.

Describe what is unique about the reproductive system

The unique function of the reproductive system ensures the survival not only of the individual, but also of the human race. This takes place as a result of hormone production that aids and enables the development of sexual characteristics, resulting in a normal reproductive system.

_________ Lymphatic

Transports fatty nutrients from the digestive system to the blood

__________ Cardiovascular

Transports substances from one part of the body to another

_________ Nervous

Uses electrochemical signals to integrate and control body functions

Reproductive System (organs)

a. gonads - testes and ovaries b. accessory organs, ducts, and glands

Which does not belong: Hormones - Pituitary - Pancreas - Appendix

appendix (the others refer to the endocrine system)

Skeletal System (organs)

bones, joints

Nervous System (organs)

brain, spinal cord, nerves

________ Circulatory

capillaries

The skeletal system is composed of bone tissue and these two related tissues: _________ and __________

cartilage; ligaments

Nervous System (functions)

communication, integration, control, recognition of sensory stimuli

Digestive System (functions)

digestion of food, absorption of nutrients

Respiratory System (functions)

exchange of gases in the lungs, regulation of acid-base balance

The primary organs of the digestive system make a long tube called the _____________ ________

gastrointestinal tract

________ Reproductive

genitalia

The ________, _________, _________, and _______ _______ are called the accessory structures of the skin

hair; nails; glands; sense organs

Circulatory System (organs)

heart, blood, vessels

________ Endocrine

hormones

________ Skeletal

joints

Which does not belong: Cardiac - Smooth - Joints - Voluntary

joints (the others refer to the muscular system)

Urinary System (organs)

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

________ Respiratory

larynx

Which does not belong: Thymus - Spleen - Tonsils - Liver

liver (the others refer to the lymphatic system)

Lymphatic System (organs)

lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Although it is part of the skeletal system, red bone marrow is often considered to also be a ____________ structure

lymphoid

Which does not belong: Pharynx - Trachea - Mouth - Alveoli

mouth (the others refer to the respiratory system)

Digestive System (organs)

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anal canal, teeth, salivary glands,tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix

Muscular System (functions)

movement, maintains body posture, produces heat

Muscular System (organs)

muscles

The nervous system can generate special electrochemical signals called __________ __________

nerve impulses

Respiratory System (organs)

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

.....Review Questions.....

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Which does not belong: Pineal- Baldder - Ureters - Urethra

pineal (the others refer to the urinary system)

Which does not belong: Pituitary - Brain - Spinal cord - Nerves

pituitary (the others refer to the nervous system)

Endocrine System (organs)

pituitary, thymus, pineal, adrenal, hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, ovaries, testes

Integumentary System (functions)

protection, regulation of body temperature, synthesis of chemicals and hormones, serves as a sense organ

Which does not belong: Uterus - Rectum - Gonads - Prostate

rectum (the others refer to the reproductive system)

Endocrine System (functions)

secretion of hormones, communication, inegration, control

_________ ________ is another term for voluntary muscle

skeletal muscle

Integumentary System (organs)

skin, nails, hair, sense receptors, sweat glands, oil glands

________ Nervous

spinal cord

________ Lymphatic

spleen

Skeletal System (functions)

support, movement, storage of minerals, blood formation

Reproductive System (functions)

survival of species, production of sex cells, fertilization, development, birth, nourishment of offspring, production of hormones

________ Muscular

tendons

Which does not belong: Cartilage - Joints - Ligaments - Tendons

tendons (the others refer to the skeletal system)

The gonads for the male reproductive system are the ___________. For the female reproductive system, the gonads are the ___________.

testes; ovaries

The ___________ is part of both thelymphatic and endocrine systems

thymus

Which does not belong: Thymus - Nails - Hair - Oil glands

thymus (the others refer to the integumentary system)

Which does not belong: Esophagus - Pharynx - Mouth - Trachea

trachea (the others refer to the digestive system)

Circulatory System (functions)

transportation, immunity

Lymphatic System (functions)

transportation, immunity