HSC 401 Exam 2 Ch 6

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Identify a school health coordinator.

-A full-time or part-time school health coordinator is a critical factor for the successful implementation of a coordinated approach to school health. -The school health coordinator helps maintain active school health councils and facilitate health programming in the district and school and between the school and community. -The coordinator organizes the eight components of school health and facilitates actions to achieve a successful, coordinated school health system, including policies, programs, activities, and resources.

CSHP Components-Healthy and Safe School Environment

-A healthy and safe school environment includes the physical and aesthetic surroundings and the psychosocial climate and culture of the school -Factors that influence the physical environment include: ---the school building and the area surrounding it, any ---biological or chemical agents that are detrimental to health and ---physical conditions such as temperature, noise and lighting -The psychosocial environment includes: ---physical, ---emotional and ---social conditions -that affect the well-being of students and staff

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Develop a plan.

-A school health council or team should use a program planning process to achieve health promotion goals. -The process, which should involve all stakeholders, includes: --Defining priorities based on the students' unique health needs --Determining what resources are available --Developing an action plan based on realistic goals and measurable objectives --Establishing a timeline for implementation --Evaluating whether the goals and objectives are met -Ideally, this plan would be incorporated into a school's overall improvement plan to link health with learning outcomes -CDC has developed an assessment and planning resource, the School Health Index, to help schools analyze the strengths and weaknesses of their school health policies, programs, and services, and plan for improvement.

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Establish a school health council or team.

-An effective school health system uses a team approach to guide programming and facilitate collaboration between the school and the community. -At the district level, this group is typically called a school health council, and at the school level, it is typically called a school health team. -Ideally, the district school health council includes at least one representative from each of the eight components, and school administrators, parents, students, and community representatives involved in the health and well-being of students, such as a representative from the local health department and the school district's medical consultant. -School health teams generally include a site administrator, an identified school health leader, teachers and other staff representing the components, parents, students, and community representatives when appropriate.

CSHP Components-Family/Community Involvement

-An integrated school, parent, and community approach can enhance the health and well-being of students -School health advisory councils, coalitions, and broadly based constituencies for school health can build support for school health program efforts -Schools actively solicit parent involvement and engage community resources and services to respond more effectively to the health-related needs of students

Funding for CSH

-Competitive funding is available from several federal agencies and some state and local agencies -CDC provides competitive funding for state health and education departments so they can work together to help build the capacity of school districts to implement a coordinated approach to school health -CDC also provides competitive funding for national nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to build the capacity of schools to address specified health-risk behaviors and conditions -Some states provide grants to help schools use CDC's School Health Index or similar tools to assess the CSH components and develop a plan for improvement or implementation -In addition to CDC, other federal initiatives related to CSH provide funding to schools

Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) info

-Concept of comprehensive school health was introduced in the late 1980s by Kolbe and Allensworth to promote the optimal physical, emotional, social, and educational development of students -Concept was expanded from a traditional three-component school health model (school health services, school health education, and school health environment) to eight components

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Provide professional development for staff.

-Continuing education is essential for teachers, administrators, and other school employees committed to improving the health, academic success, and well-being of students. -All school employees need to stay current in their skills and knowledge. -Professional development provides opportunities for school employees to identify areas for improvement, learn about and use proven practices, solve problems, develop skills, and reflect on and practice new strategies. -In districts and schools promoting a coordinated school health approach, professional development should focus on the development of leadership, communication, and collaboration skills. -CDC recommends six key professional development practices.

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Implement multiple strategies through multiple components.

-Each school health component employs a unique set of strategies. -These strategies include --classroom instruction, --policies and procedures, --environmental change, --health, --counseling and nutrition services, --parent and community involvement --social support. -However, no single strategy or single component will achieve all the desired health outcomes for all students. -It is necessary to implement all of the components so the full range of strategies becomes available to systematically address health behaviors and improve student learning.

Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) Model

-Education, public health, and school health sectors have each called for greater alignment, integration, and collaboration between education and health to improve each child's cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development -WSCC model integrates the eight elements defined by CDC along with the tenets of a whole child approach to education

CSHP Components

-Health Education -Physical Education -Health Services -Nutrition Services -Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services -Healthy and Safe School Environment -Health Promotion for Staff -Family/Community Involvement

The Case for Coordinated School Health

-Healthy development of children and adolescents is influenced by many societal institutions -After the family, school is the primary institution responsible for the development of young people in the United States -Schools have direct contact with more than 95 percent of our nation's young people aged 5-17 years, for about 6 hours a day, and for up to 13 critical years of their social, psychological, physical, and intellectual development. -Schools play an important role in improving students' health and social outcomes, as well as promoting academic success. -Research shows the health of young people is strongly linked to their academic success -Schools cannot achieve their primary mission of education if students and staff are not healthy -Health-related factors, such as hunger, chronic illness, or physical and emotional abuse, can lead to poor school performance -Health-risk behaviors such as substance abuse, violence, and physical inactivity are consistently linked to academic failure and often affect students' school attendance, grades, test scores, and ability to pay attention in class -CSH Programs and policies may be one of the most efficient means to prevent or reduce risk behaviors and prevent serious health problems among students -Effective school health policies and programs may also help close the educational achievement gap

CSHP Components-Physical Education

-Physical education is a school-based instructional opportunity for students to gain the necessary skills and knowledge for lifelong participation in physical activity -Physical education is characterized by a planned sequential K-12 curriculum (course of study) that provides cognitive content and learning experiences in a variety of activity areas -Quality physical education programs assist students in achieving the national standards for K-12 physical education -The outcome of a quality physical education program is a physically educated person who has the knowledge, skills, and confidence to enjoy a lifetime of healthful physical activity -Qualified and trained teachers are needed to teach physical education

CSHP Components-Health Education

-Provides students with opportunities to acquire the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for making health-promoting decisions, achieving health literacy, adopting health-enhancing behaviors, and promoting the health of others -Comprehensive school health education includes courses of study (curricula) for students in pre-K through grade 12 that address a variety of topics: --Alcohol and other drug use and abuse --Healthy eating/nutrition --Mental and emotional health --Personal health and wellness --Physical activity --Safety and injury prevention --Sexual health --Tobacco use --Violence prevention -Health educational curricula should address the National Health Education Standards (NHES) and incorporate the characteristics of an effective health education curriculum -Health education assists students in living healthier lives -Qualified, trained teachers are needed to teach health education

Goal 1: Increase health knowledge, attitudes, and skills

-School health instruction helps young people improve their health knowledge. ---For example, students learn nutrition facts and how to read product labels so they can make healthy eating choices. -Improved communication and life skills can positively affect students' health decisions and behaviors and promote effective citizenship. -School health instruction helps young people develop related life skills, including: ---communication and interpersonal skills, ---decision-making and critical thinking skills ----coping and self-management skills. ----For example, students learn a variety of ways to refuse alcohol or tobacco and practice those skills.

Why Coordinate School Health?

-School health programs and policies have resulted from a wide variety of federal, state, and local mandates, regulations, initiatives, and funding streams -Result in many is a "patchwork" of policies and programs with differing standards, requirements and populations to be served -Professionals who oversee the different pieces of the patchwork come from multiple disciplines: education, nursing, social work, psychology, nutrition, and school administration. ----Each brings specialized expertise, training, and approaches -Coordinating the many parts of school health into a systematic approach enable schools to ----Eliminate gaps and reduce redundancies across the many initiatives and funding streams ----Build partnerships and teamwork among school health and education professionals in the school -Build collaboration and enhance communication among public health, school health, and other education and health professionals in the community -Focus efforts on helping students engage in protective, health enhancing behaviors and avoid risk behaviors

Goal 2: Increase positive health behaviors and health outcomes

-School health programs can be designed to help youth avoid specific risk behaviors, including those that contribute to: --the leading causes of injury, illness, social problems, and death in the United States; --alcohol and other drug use; --tobacco use; --injury and violence; --unhealthy eating; --physical inactivity; --sexual risk behaviors. -These behaviors, often established during childhood and early adolescence, are interrelated and can persist into adulthood. -Specific school health interventions have proven effective in significantly reducing these risk behaviors, improving health-promoting behaviors, and improving health outcomes. -School health programs can also create safer schools and positive social environments that contribute to improved health and learning.

Goal 4: Improve social outcomes

-School health programs can provide opportunities to build positive social interactions and foster the development of students' respect, tolerance, and self-discipline. ----For example, conflict resolution and peer mediation programs help students learn how to listen and solve problems. -School health programs can reduce delinquency, drug use, and teen pregnancy, increasing the likelihood that young people will become productive, well-adjusted members of their communities. -School health programs can provide access to community programs and services that can help students contribute positively to their family, school, and community.

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Address priority health-enhancing and health-risk behaviors.

-Schools can implement policies and programs to help students avoid or reduce health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among young people as well as among adults. -In the United States, six categories of priority health-risk behaviors are related to the leading causes of death and disability- behaviors that contribute to: --unintentional injuries and violence; --tobacco use; --alcohol and other drug use; --sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and STDs, including HIV infection; --unhealthy eating; and physical inactivity. -Schools can assess health-risk behaviors among young people in these categories as well as general health status, overweight, and asthma, through formal surveys such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. -Programs that reduce these risk behaviors and promote protective factors have been identified through research and when appropriate can be incorporated into school programming. -CDC has developed guidelines to help schools promote physical activity and healthy eating and build a systematic and coordinated approach to school health.

CSHP Components-Health Promotion for Staff

-Schools can provide opportunities for school staff members to improve their health status through activities such as: ---health assessments ---health education ---health-related fitness activities -These opportunities encourage staff members to pursue a healthy lifestyle that contributes to their: ---improved health status, ---improved morale, and a ---greater commitment to the health of students and creates positive role modeling -Health promotion activities have improved productivity, decreased absenteeism, and reduced health insurance costs

CSHP Components-Nutrition Services

-Schools should provide access to a variety of nutritious and appealing meals that accommodate the health and nutrition needs of all students -School nutrition programs reflect the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans and other criteria to achieve nutrition integrity -School nutrition services offer students a learning laboratory for classroom nutrition and health education -Serve as a resource for linkages with nutrition-related community services -Qualified child nutrition professions are needed to provide these services

Goal 3: Improve education outcomes

-Students who are healthy are more likely to learn than those who are unhealthy. -School health programs can appraise, protect, and improve the health of students, thus reducing tardiness and absenteeism and increasing academic achievement. -Students who acquire more years of education ultimately become healthier adults and practice fewer of the health risk behaviors most likely to lead to premature illness and death.

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Focus on students.

-The focus of coordinated school health should be on meeting the education and health needs of students as well as providing opportunities for students to be meaningfully involved in the school and the community. -School health efforts should give young people the chance to exercise leadership, build skills, form relationships with caring adults, and contribute to their school and community. -Students can promote a healthy and safe school and community through --peer education, --peer advocacy, --cross-age mentoring, --service learning, --participation on : school health teams advisory committees, councils, and boards that address health, education, and youth issues. -Protective factors that are health enhancing in schools include: --A supportive and nurturing environment that fosters respect, connectedness, and meaningful involvement --Adults modeling positive social interactions and having the same expectations of students --Group norms that value a healthy lifestyle

How Schools Can Implement CSH: Secure and maintain administrative support and commitment

-The superintendent's support at the district level and the principal's support at the school level are essential for implementing and maintaining a coordinated and systematic approach to school health. -School administrators can support a coordinated approach to school health by... --Incorporating health in the district's or school's vision and mission statements, including health goals in the school's improvement plan --Appointing someone to oversee school health --Allocating resources --Modeling healthy behaviors --Regularly communicating the importance of wellness to students, staff, and parents

CSHP Components-Health Services

-These services are designed to: ---ensure access or referral to primary health care services or both, ---foster appropriate use of primary health care services, ---prevent and control communicable disease and other health problems ---provide emergency care for illness or injury, ----promote and provide optimum sanitary conditions for a safe school facility and school environment, and ---provide educational and counseling opportunities for promoting and maintaining individual, family, and community health. -Qualified professionals such as physicians, nurses, dentists, health educators, and other allied health personnel are needed to provide these services.

CSHP Components-Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services

-These services are provided to improve students' mental, emotional, and social health and include individual and group assessments, interventions and referrals -Organizational assessment and consultation skills of counselors and psychologists contribute not only to the health of students but also to the health of the school environment -Professionals such as certified school counselors, psychologists, and social workers are needed to provide these services

Goals of Coordinated School Health

-Typically have four overlapping, interdependent goals -These goals are most effectively and efficiently achieved when all the goals are addressed simultaneously through a coordinated approach that purposefully integrates the efforts and resources of education, health, and social services agencies

Expanding the CSH Approach

-WSCC model expanded upon the CSH components of Healthy and Safe School Environment and Family/Community Involvement into 4 distinct components -Evolution meets the need for greater emphasis on both the psychosocial and physical environment as well as the ever-increasing and growing roles that community agencies and families must play -New model also addresses the need to engage students as active participants in their learning and health

Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) definition

An organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff

How Schools Can Implement CSH

To achieve the goals of school health and maximize effectiveness and efficiency, schools should carry out 8 strategies to implement a coordinated approach to improve school health policies and programs