HTH 408 quiz review

analyze data

exploring different literature helps the researcher do all the following EXCEPT ______. -formulate hypothesis -formulate research questions -complete an organization of literature table -analyze data

keep conflict of interest information private when they disclose their research findings

conflict of interest is one type of research ethic addressed in the chapter. To ensure that this ethic is addressed, researchers must NOT do which of the following?

minimize

control variables are known to help ______ biases and provide more accurate findings.

true

true or false: an intervening variable is a mediator and can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in a study.

true

true or false: based on Kuhn's theories, paradigms are grounded in sets of assumptions about the nature of reality.

nondirectional

A(n) ______ hypothesis has no direction, but simply predicts a relationship between two or more variables.

descriptive studies

All of the following are types of longitudinal studies EXCEPT which of the following? -panel studies -cohort studies -trend studies -descriptive studies

broader

Cohort studies focus on ______ topics.

explanatory research

Dr. Maddison and Dr. Singh conducted an experiment and tested the theory that children who see their parent and other close relatives use cocaine or marijuana are more likely to use drugs when they become adults. What type of study is this most likely to be?

selection bias

Joan decided to leave out a few articles that she had found in the library. She believed that the left-out articles did not quite match her research topic. Most likely Joan is guilty of using which of the following in her review of literature?

1) choose and narrow down a topic for research 2) choose the type of research 3) conduct a review of literature 4) operationalize concepts 5) conceptualize constructs

Jonas is planning a research for his methods course. To correctly follow the research steps, Jonas must proceed in which order?

overgeneralization

Justina conducted a quantitative study of 80 students on her campus. She wanted to find out how many of them drive while under the influence of alcohol. She concluded from her research that more than 40% of the students reported that they often drink and drive. Justina therefore concluded that most students at her university drive under the influence of alcohol. Justina is guilty of which research bias?

explanatory research

Kimesha conducted a study on teenage pregnancy. He found that girls whose mothers had them as teenagers were also more likely to become pregnant as teenagers. Contrastingly, girls whose mothers gave birth to them when they were older also tended to become pregnant when they were older also. What type of research is this?

quantitative due to its large scope

Nomothetic research is often ______.

cross-sectional

Researchers use ______ research because it is the simplest and least costly method of collecting data.

discussing the topic with your professor

The literature review may be organized using all of the following techniques EXCEPT ______. -using great writing skills to properly outline the document -discussing the topic with your professor -starting the review broadly and then narrowing down to the specific topic -use various subheadings for different studies

libraries and data bases

______ is(are) the most valuable asset when gathering information for a literature review.

descriptive

______ research creates a general mental picture of a social condition.

become familiar with the basic facts of a new topic or social issue. The aim is to use the findings to conduct more complex research later and know how to formulate the appropriate questions

a researcher using the exploratory method would do which of the following?

annotated bibliography

a(n) ______ is a brief summary of the article or book you read, including the focus of study, methodology used, conclusions, and anything else you found important while reading that particular work.

asking your professor or fellow classmate too help you complete the review

according to Chapter 3 of your text, which of the following is NOT one way to organize your literature?

scientific revolution

according to Kuhn, when a social phenomenon that is unusual begins to happen more and more frequently this ultimately can produce which of the following?

seeks to solve a specific societal problem or uncover more information about a particular issue; find out why people behave in a specific way

applied research ______ and seeks to ______.

reduce or even minimize the bias between two variables

moderator and mediators influence the dependent and independent variables in all of the ways stated below EXCEPT ______. -completely remove the relationship between the two variables -weaken the relationship between the two variables -strengthen the relationship between the two variables -reduce or even minimize bias between the two variables

coercion

the following are all examples of research biases EXCEPT ______. -overgeneralization -subjective thinking -selective observation -coercion

paradigms

the fundamental frames of reference we use to organize our observations and reasoning are ______.

the researcher himself/herself

the greatest obstruction to social research comes from which of the following?

no

the null hypothesis claims there is ______ relationship between the variables of interest in a study.

true

true or false: George is conducting a study and wants to begin with a broad theory that later can allow him to come up with a specific idea or concept to be tested. Most likely George is planning a quantitative research.

true

true or false: Informing research participants about everything that will be done during research may cause them to decline their participation. Bearing this in mind, researchers should still be sure to tell participants everything that will be done during the research.

false; control group and experimental group

true or false: The two different types of groups used by some researchers are the control group and the out group.

true

true or false: a control variable is one that is used to control our results.

true

true or false: a literature review tries to prove why the researcher's topic is a topic that needs to be investigated.

true

true or false: a randomized one-group post-test only design usually have only one randomly selected group in the study.

false; confounding or intervening variables influence the independent variable in such a way that the results from the dependent variable become untrustworthy

true or false: a researcher should always use confounding or intervening variable to control results of his or her research project.

false; operationalization refers to the concrete measures of one specific construct, whereas conceptualization refers to the breaking down of constructs into smaller pieces **Conceptualization of constructs is the first step toward operationalizing them**

true or false: conceptualization refers to the concrete measures of one specific construct, whereas operationalization refers to the breaking down of constructs into smaller pieces.

true; exploratory is designed to investigate a new topic of research

true or false: if a researcher is uninterested in the directionality of his or her variables, he or she is most likely to want to do exploratory research.

false

true or false: if the library on your campus does not have the book you require, the next best way to find this is via Google.

false; the pre-test and post-test can't be different! if tests are different, then it may manipulate the outcome

true or false: in an experiment, the pre-test and post-test must differ to allow the researcher to discern how the participants differ at the end from the beginning of the test.

true

true or false: in order to analyze a study, you must first look at the concepts, theories, and perspectives.

false; you can browse to help find a topic

true or false: in order to understand the ins and outs of the literature review, one needs to first find a topic.

true

true or false: objectivity is the ability to perceive something from different angles without allowing personal biases to hinder judgment and decisions.

true

true or false: researchers who use objective thinking often do not allow their emotions and prejudices to influence their decisions.

false; the guidelines, informed consent, and other research documents should be translated or written in participants language

true or false: the guidelines, informed consent, and other research documents must be written in the researchers' language despite the language of the participants.

true

true or false: the scientific task that a community will be looking for during a formal defense is whether the researcher knows the literature in that specific topic.

true

true or false: the use of a test, experiment or intervention, or any manipulation of data with the intention of answering question for which we seek answers falls in the categorization of an experimental design.

false!

true or false: there are different features that are used to help narrow a topic. One of these features discussed in Chapter 2 is asking for help from your friend who is currently in the research methods class.

true

true or false: though research with humans may sometimes cause emotional, physical, and even psychological harm, it is also possible for human subjects' research to actually cause someone to die.

FALSE!!

true or false: websites are the most valuable asset when gathering information for a literature review.

true

true or false: while qualitative researchers focus on depth and insight into topics researched, the mixed methods research is interested in depth, insight, and large amounts of data.

explanatory studies

what are known as the reinforcing studies?

1) constructs of interest (aka your topic) **2) population of interest**

what is the SECOND most important feature that helps narrow down your topic?

directional hypothesis

what type of hypothesis predicts a specific course for your variables?

selection bias

when a researcher uses a systematic review, he or she uses specific guidelines in collecting studies on a topic. This means systematic reviews are less prone to ______.

selective observation

when out in the field Dr. Gigist refuses to interview foreigners even though they have indicated their willingness to participate in the research and meet all the requirements for inclusion. Most likely Dr. Gigist is indulging in what type of observation?

give a verbal or numerical picture or description of a social issue

which best summarizes the main goal of descriptive research?

once proven true, causal hypotheses remain the same.

which of the following is a characteristic of causal hypotheses?

a researcher conducts an experiment on toddlers' growth and development and analyzes the data.

which of the following is the best example of an experimental design?

literature review

which of the following refers to the body of literature surrounding a specific topic of interest to the researcher?