Invitation to the Life Span Chapters 12-14

positive

A research team assesses the same participants on a number of measures across the entire adult lifespan. The team should expect a(n) _____ correlation between scores in early adulthood between scores on a measure of the Big Five personality factor of openness to experience and scores in late adulthood on a measure of wisdom. Assume that higher scores on the measures indicate greater openness and greater wisdom.

selective optimization with compensation.

A theory that proposes that people handle physical and cognitive losses by becoming more proficient at activities they already do well is known as:

HIV

A virus that can enter the brain and destroy neurons is:

analytic

Abstract planning and focused attention are associated with _____ intelligence.

safe; love and belonging

According to Maslow, people who do not feel _____ cannot move on to the next level of _____.

Nigel, an 80-year-old grandfather who just retired

According to an international survey conducted by Lockenhoff et al., in 2009, who would be considered the MOST wise?

most

According to the text, _____ older adults maintain adequate intellectual power.

operate the car

According to the text, it is an automatic activity for MOST adults who drive to:

self-actualization

Aisha has led a successful and fulfilling life. She has been in a wonderful marriage for 51 years, had a satisfying and successful career as a teacher for 40 years, and has been a role model in her community and an inspiration to her children and grandchildren. Maslow would likely say that Aisha has reached:

strategic

Aisha is an expert college professor. She designs her courses in ways that allow her to handle any unexpected issues that may arise during the semester. The way she plans her course would represent the _____ component of her expertise.

most people who participate in clinical trials having more than one disease.

All of these are problems with polypharmacy in late adulthood EXCEPT:

A. fewer women are choosing to work outside the home than a century ago.

All these statements are accurate about gender and work EXCEPT that: A fewer women are choosing to work outside the home than a century ago. B some men have become experts at domestic work. C women's work has gained new respect. D more women are entering jobs that were traditionally reserved for men.

depression

An elderly person who displays excessive attention to minor memory losses is MOST likely suffering from:

Alzheimer's disease

An elderly person who displays surprise over memory losses is MOST likely suffering from:

frontotemporal NCD

Anson is 75 years old and has recently been experiencing a change in his personality. He is acting more impulsively and does not seem to care about his loved ones, to whom he has always been very devoted. Although he was always frugal with his money, he is now gambling frequently and losing much of his retirement savings. He does not seem to be experiencing any physical symptoms. From which is Anson MOST likely suffering?

crystallized; fluid

As humans age, _____ intelligence tends to increase, and _____ intelligence tends to decrease.

novice

At work, Pramdeep follows formal procedures and rules. According to the text, Pramdeep would MOST likely be considered a(n) _____, as opposed to an expert who relies more on past experiences and immediate contexts.

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Athletes are now asked to wear helmets and avoid body contact as means of preventing:

is unfounded because, after 10 or 20 years of declining satisfaction, partnerships improve as time goes on.

Ben and Nancy have been married for 20 years. Although they are very happy, Nancy worries that this happiness will decrease with time. Research would suggest that Nancy's fear:

poor circulation

Carrie is a 66-year-old smoker. She has smoked three packs a day since she was 15. She has severe difficulty with cognitive tasks. This problem is produced by _____ caused by her many years of smoking.

far less

Compared with its prevalence among past cohorts, marriage among today's cohort of young adults is _____ prevalent.

the loss of financial benefits.

Divorce results in:

fourth

During which stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) does the person need full-time care?

source amnesia

Eighty-one-year-old Carmelita told her daughter that she believes that she will have to move out of her house because someone purchased it. What she forgets is that her neighbor expressed an interest in purchasing her house if Carmelita decides to move. Carmelita's confusion was brought on by:

integrity

Erikson described people whose lives come together in a "re-synthesis of all the resilience and toughness of the basic strengths already developed" as reaching:

both psychological and physical

For adults, family members and friends improve _____ health.

proved age-related decline

For the first half of the twentieth century, early cross-sectional studies of intelligence:

fluid

Gerry likes to play Trivial Pursuit, do crossword puzzles, and write poetry. He is MOST likely high in _____ intelligence.

selective optimization with compensation

Gilles has been a professional basketball player for 10 years. He has lost some speed and is not as strong as he once was, but he is still a great shooter. In fact, he's considered a shooting specialist on his team. He practices this skill daily. Gilles is demonstrating:

positively

Happiness in adulthood is _____ related to the Big Five trait of agreeableness.

fourth

Henry has Alzheimer's disease (AD). His daughter has recently moved him to a full-time care facility, as her father can no longer take care of himself and does not recognize her. His speech is short and simple. Henry is MOST likely in which stage of the disease?

1 in 11

How many adults under age 45 take antidepressant medications?

15 percent

In 2016, immigrants made up _____ of the United States' workforce.

2018

In the United States, in what year did opioid deaths begin to decline?

identity vs role confusion

In which of Erikson's stages do many adults reassess the four types of identity: sexual/gender, vocational, spiritual, and political?

studying for final exams

In which situation would analytical intelligence be the MOST useful?

trying to come up with a slogan for a start-up company

In which situation would creative intelligence be the MOST useful?

life review

Irene is 88 years old and is reflecting on her relationships with her family, friends, and God. She is also sharing her history with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Irene seems to be experiencing:

the age-prospective-memory paradox.

Jacqueline forgot that she has her stove on but remembers that her granddaughter's birthday is two weeks away. This is an example of:

fictive kin

Jan has been so much a part of her best friend's life that she effectively has been "adopted" by her best friend's family. In other words, Jan has become:

safety

Janie lives in a troubled family. She is constantly afraid of being physically abused by her parents. According to Maslow, because Janie's _____ needs are not being met, it will be very hard for her to move up her hierarchy of needs.

NOT TRUE: The time of transmission from one neuron to another will remain the same.

Janine is 56 years old and has been told by doctors that she has white matter lesions. Which statement is NOT true regarding these lesions?

practical

Jennica is particularly adept at overcoming everyday obstacles. She would be described as having high _____ intelligence.

fluid

Jenny is quick and creative with words and numbers, and she enjoys intellectual brain teasers and puzzles. She is curious and loves to learn new things. She seems to have a high level of _____ intelligence.

Openness

Jesse, an artist, documents her life often on social media. Jesse's profiles show a love of traveling to new places, trying new foods, and wearing flashy clothes. Jesse's personality profile would BEST be classified as:

self-actualized

Johnna is 78 years old. She is deeply connected with nature, continuing to go for nature walks on a daily basis, and is very involved with her church, regularly attending services and praying throughout the day. She also has a well-developed sense of humor and is loved by her family, congregation, and community. Maslow would likely describe Johnna as:

typical of most married couples.

Jordan and Sahara just got married a year ago. They are concerned because they are arguing more and not feeling as "in love" with each other as they were right before and after they married. Jordan and Sahara's feelings are:

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Jordan played guard for 7 years in the National Football League. Throughout his career, Jordan experienced multiple concussions. Before Jordan died, he lost his memory and was unable to recognize those closest to him. When his brain was autopsied, it showed that he had:

source

Julia heard a rumor about her neighbors and quickly went to tell her daughter. However, she was unable to tell her daughter where the rumor started. Which form of amnesia is Julia exhibiting?

contradicts the view of intelligence offered by Spearman.

Laverne's scores on different parts of an IQ test are very different from one another. Laverne's profile of scores on the test:

fluid intelligence

Liza is 18 years old and just started college, where she is being exposed to all sorts of new information that she needs to learn. Which type of intelligence would allow her to quickly use her short-term memory to remember new information and solve complex problems quickly?

neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)

Major _____ are the irreversible, pathological loss of brain functioning caused by organic brain damage and disease.

intuitive

Malcolm is a director of a regional theater group. In this creative job, he often makes decisions based on subtle, "gut" feelings he has about what would be the most successful and effective, based on his past experiences. This is reflective of the _____ characteristic of his expertise.

fictive kin.

Marcos and Sandra immigrated to the United States and rarely see their family. Through their work, they have become very close to a co-worker's family who includes the couple in all family events, including Thanksgiving and July 4th. Marcos and Sandra are viewed by the co-workers' family as:

less child-rearing stress now that their children are out of their house.

Marvin and Maryanne have been married for 36 years. They report that they are much happier and more satisfied in their marriage today than when they were younger. One reason that their marriage has improved with time may be that they have:

midlife

Medication has improved health for many people, especially during which stage of the lifespan?

Her disease will likely progress slowly

Mina is middle aged, has Down syndrome, and was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which statement regarding her illness is false?

wisdom

Miriam is 92 years old and exhibits integrity, appears to be self-actualized, and has completed a life review. Some psychologists would assert that Miriam MOST likely possesses:

analytic

Multiple-choice and traditional essay tests would be a way of testing _____ intelligence.

extroversion.

Nat has worked as a computer salesperson for the last 15 years, coached their children's youth soccer team for the last 10 years, and has been a part of the local bike club for approximately five years. Their personality likely clusters high in:

expert

Pascual specializes in fixing computers. He gets great personal satisfaction out of spending hours working on them and has a significant amount of computer knowledge compared with most of his friends. In developmental terms, Pascual would be considered a(n) _____ on computers.

Lewy body dementia

People suffering from Lewy body dementia tend to talk without thinking, rather than displaying exaggerated attention over their memory loss.

Parkinson's disease

People suffering from Parkinson's disease are more likely to be embarrassed over their memory loss, rather than displaying exaggerated attention.

severe brain loss

Poor circulation, viruses, and drug abuse could all contribute to _____ in middle adulthood.

reduced income.

Raneesha is getting a divorce. Based on research, she will MOST likely experience:

crystallized intelligence.

Rasheed and Soleil often like to discuss historical events and consider themselves history buffs. Based on our understanding of cognitive abilities, Rasheed and Soleil would be described as high in:

prospective

Remembering to refill a prescription later in the day is one example of _____ memory.

marry and are less likely to divorce regardless of their ethnic background.

Research has found that education matters as it relates to marriage. College-educated couples are more likely to:

spacial representation

Research on taxi drivers found that the part of their brains most likely connected to _____ was more active than in the average person.

ecological validity

Research suggests that time of day and location (home versus lab) should be considered when measuring memory. This is referred to as:

caregiving.

Responding to the emotional and sometimes physical needs of another person is the important task of:

proposes that people handle losses by getting better at activities that they already do well.

Selective optimization with compensation is a theory that:

Alzheimer's disease

Someone who has a larger-than-normal amount of plaques and tangles in the cerebral cortex may have:

developing secure attachments.

The greatest difficulty in parenting for stepparents, adoptive parents, and foster parents is:

ecological validity

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are as realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life is called:

vascular disease

The result of repeated transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is:

increasing complexity of modern life

The slowing down of the brain in primary aging may be attributed to all of these factors EXCEPT:

age

The success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is partly related to:

the multitasking brain

The text suggests that traffic accidents caused by talking on the phone while driving are a problem of:

Baltes

The theory of selective optimization with compensation was proposed by:

empty nest.

The time in parents' lives when grown children leave the family home to pursue their own lives is called the:

severe brain loss

Theodore has abused alcohol most of his life. He has developed Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Theodore has:

crystallized

What form of intelligence reflects accumulated knowledge?

practical

What type of intelligence would be MOST valued and useful in times when food is scarce and basic survival a challenge?

second

When Rosemary accused her daughter-in-law of stealing the spatula that she herself misplaced, she was MOST likely in the _____ stage of Alzheimer's disease.

automatic

When complex actions and the thoughts that they require have become routine, the actions are described as being _____.

multitasking

Which activity becomes more difficult as one ages?

D. deliberate is NOT used; (intuitive, automatic, and flexible ARE used to describe expert cognition)

Which adjective is NOT used in the textbook to describe expert cognition? A intuitive B automatic C flexible D deliberate

not talking on the phone at all

Which does the text suggest is a way to reduce distraction when driving?

compensation

Which factor does NOT contribute to the slowing down of the brain in primary aging?

fifth

Which factor does NOT contribute to the slowing down of the brain in primary aging?

the blood-brain barrier

Which factor would NOT contribute to severe brain loss in adulthood?

practical

Which form of intelligence is used to manage one's daily life?

improved memory

Which is NOT a characteristic of neurocognitive disorders?

multitasking

Which is particularly difficult for older adults when talking on the phone while driving?

poorest nations

Which nations have the lowest occurrence of major NCDs?

creative

Which of Sternberg's intelligences would be LEAST valued in a culture that does not consider dance and the visual arts to be important?

women are more satisfied as they grow older

Which of the following is true regarding sexual satisfaction?

Rowland, age 68

Which person would MOST likely have the smallest brain, in terms of size?

Analytic

_____ intelligence is the MOST valuable in high school and college.