KIN 3203

78. What class of lever has the force that causes motion and the force of resistance to motion on opposite sides of the axis of motion? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

a

65. When a mover contracts, what type of contraction occurs? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric d. negative

a

74. What do longer lever arms create? a. mechanical advantage b. velocity advantage c. mechanical and velocity advantage d. none of these choices

a

17. The ability of a tissue to shorten is termed a. elasticity. b. contractility. c. stretch. d. plasticity.

b

24. Which of the following types of joints allows the most movement? a. symphysis b. synovial c. synchondrosis d. gomphosis

b

25. Which type of joint allows primarily translational motion? a. uniaxial b. nonaxial c. triaxial d. biaxial

b

3. What is located between two adjacent body parts? a. a bone b. a joint c. another body part d. none of these choices

b

31. The plane of the facet joints of the thoracic spine is best described as a. sagittal. b. frontal. c. transverse. d. horizontal.

b

32. Within what plane does the femoral angle of inclination occur? a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse d. oblique

b

35. What is the structural classification of the tibiofemoral joint? a. synovial hinge b. synovial modified hinge c. synovial condyloid d. synovial saddle

b

36. What is the major articulation at the elbow joint? a. humeroradial b. humeroulnar c. proximal radioulnar d. radiocapitular

b

37. During pronation of the forearm at the radioulnar joints, what bone usually moves? a. ulna b. radius c. humerus d. scaphoid

b

38. What is the closed-packed position of the wrist joint? a. flexion and slight ulnar deviation b. extension and slight ulnar deviation c. flexion and slight radial deviation d. extension and slight radial deviation

b

41. Which of the following are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body? a. smooth, skeletal, and striated b. skeletal, cardiac, and smooth c. striated, nonstriated, and skeletal d. visceral, nonvisceral, and skeletal

b

55. If a muscle crosses a joint laterally, which of the following actions would it most likely have? a. abduction b. adduction c. flexion d. extension

b

58. If a muscle crosses the elbow joint anteriorly, what action does it have at the elbow joint? a. abduction b. flexion c. adduction d. supination

b

33. Which of the following joints is not located within the joint capsule of the knee joint? a. medial tibiofemoral b. lateral tibiofemoral c. proximal tibiofibular d. patellofemoral

c

14. Axial motion of a body part that moves within the frontal plane occurs around which axis? a. mediolateral b. anteroposterior c. superoinferior d. oblique

b

11. Which one of the following maps the three dimensions of space? a. axes b. directional terms c. planes d. body parts

c

19. The glenoid fossa of the scapula orients upward when the scapula does what movement at the scapulocostal joint? a. elevation b. upward tilt c. protraction d. upward rotation

d

27. Which of the following is a biaxial joint? a. pivot b. hinge c. ball-and-socket d. saddle

d

29. How many ribs articulate with the thoracic spine? a. all true ribs (14) b. all false ribs (10) c. all floating ribs (4) d. all ribs (24)

d

30. What motion of the thoracic spine is most limited by the spinous processes? a. rotation b. lateral flexion c. flexion d. extension

d

40. Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint is the same motion as a. extension of the foot at the ankle joint. b. eversion of the foot at the ankle joint. c. abduction of the foot at the ankle joint. d. none of these choices.

d

44. What two major tissue types make up the majority of a skeletal muscle? a. skeletal and epithelium b. connective and nervous c. skeletal and nervous d. connective and muscle

d

47. Which of the following is true regarding fibrous muscular fascia? a. It wraps around each individual muscle fiber. b. It wraps around muscle fascicles. c. It wraps around the entire muscle. d. All of these choices are correct.

d

26. Which of the following is a uniaxial joint? a. saddle b. condyloid c. hinge d. ball-and-socket

c

10. Which of the following terms can be used on the axial body? a. anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, and medial-lateral b. proximal-distal, superficial-deep, and medial-lateral c. superior-inferior, medial-lateral, and radial-ulnar d. tibial-fibular, superficial-deep, and anterior-posterior

a

13. Axial motion of a body part that moves within the sagittal plane occurs around which axis? a. mediolateral b. anteroposterior c. superoinferior d. oblique

a

18. The ability of a tissue to return to its original length after being stretched is termed a. elasticity. b. contractility. c. stretch. d. plasticity.

a

28. How many subclassifications of triaxial joints exist? a. one b. two c. three d. Four

a

34. What is the major articulation of the knee joint complex? a. tibiofemoral b. patellofemoral c. proximal tibiofibular d. distal tibiofibular

a

4. Which of the following is true? a. When we say that motion occurs, a body part moves relative to an adjacent body part, and this motion occurs at the joint located between them. b. When we say that motion occurs, a body part changes its location in space, and this motion occurs at a distant joint of the body. c. Whenever motion occurs, at least two body parts must be moving at the same time. d. When we say that motion occurs, a body part moves, but no motion occurs at the joint next to that body part.

a

49. Which of the following is true regarding the length of muscle fibers? a. They range in length from ½ inch to 20 inches. b. They are never longer than ½ inch. c. They are never shorter than 5 inches. d. They are all the same length.

a

50. Usually, a skeletal muscle fascicle contains as many as a. 200 fibers. b. 400 fibers. c. 800 fibers. d. 1200 fibers.

a

54. Which of the following connective tissue layers surrounds a fascicle? a. perimysium b. endomysium c. epimysium d. intermuscular septum

a

60. If a muscle crosses the hip joint laterally with a vertical direction to its fibers, which of the following actions does it have at the hip joint? a. abduction b. lateral rotation c. flexion d. extension

a

70. Which of the following is a mover when the action in question is flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint? a. posterior deltoid b. coracobrachialis c. pronator quadratus d. triceps brachii

a

80. Which of the following is true regarding the leverage of the force that causes motion for the different classes of levers? a. Second-class levers have greater leverage than third-class levers. b. Third-class levers have greater leverage than second-class levers. c. Second- and third-class levers have the same leverage. d. None of these choices is correct.

a

84. Neck extensor musculature is an example of what class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

a

86. A seesaw is an example of what class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

a

87. Which of the following is true regarding a muscle with good leverage? a. It generates greater strength and greater speed of motion of the body part. b. It generates lesser strength and lesser speed of motion of the body part. c. It generates greater strength but lesser speed of motion of the body part. d. It generates greater speed but lesser strength of motion of the body part.

a

88.What is the first question of step two of the five-step approach to learning muscles? a. What joint does the muscle cross? b. Where does the muscle cross the joint? c. How does the muscle cross the joint? d. When does the muscle cross the joint?

a

89. If a muscle has one line of pull in a cardinal plane, how many actions will it have (not counting any reverse action)? a. one b. two c. three d. it depends

a

91. When a muscle contracts and shortens, what type of contraction occurs? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric d. none of these choices

a

97. What are the three functional classifications of joints? a. fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial b. synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic c. synovial, diarthrotic, and muscular d. synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and synovial

a

98. Which one of the following choices has the correct order for the steps involved in bone fracture healing? a. hematoma, bony callus, and fibrocartilage deposition b. fibrocartilage deposition, bony callus, and hematoma c. hematoma, fibrocartilage deposition, and bony callus d. bony callus, fibrocartilage deposition, and hematoma

a

62. Which of the following actions does a functional group of muscles located within the sagittal plane have? a. flexion or extension b. abduction or adduction c. medial rotation or lateral rotation d. right lateral flexion or left lateral flexion

b

66. Which one of the following is the best definition of an antagonist? a. a muscle (or other force) that can do the opposite of the mover b. a muscle (or other force) that can do the opposite of the action in question c. a muscle that must always eccentrically contract d. a muscle that creates motion

b

8. Axial motion of a body part that moves within an oblique plane occurs around which axis? a. mediolateral b. anteroposterior c. superoinferior d. oblique

b

85. The soleus muscle is an example of what class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

b

90. Which of the following actions occurs when a person does a pull-up? a. flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint b. flexion of the arm at the elbow joint c. extension of the forearm at the elbow joint d. extension of the arm at the elbow joint

b

93. Lateral rotation of the leg at the knee joint is the reverse action of what joint action? a. lateral rotation of the thigh at the knee joint b. lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint c. medial rotation of the thigh at the knee joint d. medial rotation of the thigh at the hip joint

b

94. What is the functional classification for the hip joint? a. amphiarthrotic triaxial b. ball-and-socket synovial c. diarthrotic triaxial d. condyloid synovial

b

100. Which of the following is true? a. Motion can only occur between two adjacent major body parts, never within a major body part. b. Motion can only occur within a major body part, never between two adjacent major body parts. c. Motion can occur between two adjacent major body parts and may also occur within a major body part. d. None of the above

c

12. Which of the following is true regarding an axis and its corresponding plane? a. An axis is parallel with its corresponding plane. b. An axis is located within its corresponding plane. c. An axis is perpendicular to its corresponding plane. d. None of these choices is correct.

c

15. Axial motion of a body part that moves within the transverse plane occurs around which axis? a. mediolateral b. anteroposterior c. superoinferior d. oblique

c

16. The ability of a tissue to become longer without injury or damage is best termed a. elasticity. b. contractility. c. stretch. d. plasticity.

c

2. Which of the following is true regarding the arm? a. The arm and the upper extremity are one and the same. b. The arm is located between the shoulder joint and the tips of the fingers. c. The arm is located between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. d. The arm is located between the shoulder joint and the wrist joint.

c

20. Opposition is a motion of what body part? a. big toe b. index finger c. thumb d. forearm

c

21. If the arm is first abducted to 90 degrees and then moved anteriorly, what is the name of this joint action? a. adduction b. abduction c. horizontal flexion d. horizontal extension

c

22. Which of the following is true regarding circumduction? a. It is the same as rotation. b. It involves rotation. c. It is a sequence of joint actions. d. It is a nonaxial joint motion.

c

23. Which of the following is an example of a reverse action? a. flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint b. extension of the arm at the elbow joint c. extension of the thigh at the hip joint d. flexion of the trunk at the hip joint

c

39. Which of the following is true regarding rotation motions? a. Right-left rotation are movements of the appendicular body only. b. Lateral-medial rotations are movements of the axial body only. c. As a rule, rotation motions occur around a vertical axis. d. All of these choices are correct.

c

42. Which of the following is true regarding skeletal muscle tissue? a. It is striated and not under voluntary control. b. It is nonstriated and not under voluntary control. c. It is striated and under voluntary control. d. It is nonstriated and under voluntary control.

c

43. Which of the following is true regarding skeletal muscle contraction? a. When it contracts, it attempts to shorten toward its proximal attachment. b. When it contracts, it attempts to shorten toward its distal attachment. c. When it contracts, it attempts to shorten toward its center. d. None of these choices is correct.

c

48. Which of the following is true regarding a skeletal muscle cell? a. A muscle fiber is part of a muscle cell. b. A muscle cell is part of a muscle fiber. c. A muscle cell and muscle fiber are synonymous. d. A muscle cell and muscle fiber are different entities.

c

5. To name motion of the human body properly and fully, which of the following is (are) named? a. the body part that is moving b. the joint where the motion is occurring c. both a and b d. none of the above

c

52. Which of the following terms is sometimes used to refer to a muscle? a. aponeurosis b. epimysium c. myofascial unit d. fasciculus

c

53. Which of the following connective tissue layers surrounds an entire skeletal muscle? a. intermuscular septum b. perimysium c. epimysium d. endomysium

c

56. If a muscle crosses a joint posteriorly, what action would it most likely have? a. flexion b. protraction c. extension d. right lateral flexion

c

59. If a muscle crosses the shoulder joint posteriorly with a vertical direction to its fibers, what action does it have at the shoulder joint? a. medial rotation b. adduction c. extension d. lateral rotation

c

67. Which one of the following is true? a. Antagonists always eccentrically contract. b. Antagonists always shorten. c. Antagonists always lengthen. d. Antagonists always work against gravity.

c

68. The term contralateral muscle is synonymous with which one of the following terms? a. agonist muscle b. fixator muscle c. antagonist muscle d. support muscle

c

69. What defines co-contraction? a. when the mover and agonist contract at the same time b. when the antagonist and fixator contract at the same time c. when the antagonist and agonist contract at the same time d. when the fixator and neutralizer contract at the same time

c

7. If a person lifts his or her arm into the air and this motion occurs at the shoulder joint, which of the following describes what happens to the hand? a. It exhibits true movement. b. It does not change its position or location (or both) in space at all. c. It "goes along for the ride." d. None of these choices is correct.

c

71. Which of the following is a mover when the action in question is abduction of the thigh at the hip joint? a. adductor longus b. vastus lateralis c. gluteus medius d. soleus

c

73. Which of the following creates an internal force? a. therabands b. resistance tubing c. muscle d. gravity

c

75. What structures are levers in the human body? a. muscles b. tendons c. bones d. ligaments

c

77. What is the optimal angle of pull of a muscle on its bony attachment relative to the length of the bone? a. parallel b. 45-degree angle c. perpendicular d. 60-degree angle

c

81. A pair of tweezers is an example of what class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

c

83. The brachialis muscle is an example of what class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

c

9. What is the importance of anatomic position? a. It is the most comfortable position for the body. b. It is the healthiest position for the body. c. It is the reference position for mapping the body. d. It is the position in which people spend the most time.

c

92. When a muscle contracts, which one of the following is true? a. It creates a pulling force that attempts to pull the muscle away from its center. b. It creates a pushing force that attempts to push the muscle away from its center. c. It creates a pulling force that attempts to pull the muscle toward its center. d. It creates a pushing force that attempts to push the muscle toward its center.

c

96. The wrist joint is an example of what type of joint? a. nonaxial b. uniaxial c. biaxial d. triaxial

c

99. Which one of the following choices correctly lists the four major classifications of bones by shape? a. long, short, wide, and round b. long, short, flat, and round c. long, short, flat, and irregular d. round, sesamoid, flat, and irregular

c

51. Muscular fascia is primarily made up of a. elastin fibers. b. epithelial tissue. c. muscular tissue. d. collagen fibers.

d

57. What is a muscle that crosses more than one joint called? a. uniaxial muscle b. one-joint muscle c. polyaxial muscle d. multi-joint muscle

d

6. Movement of a finger is an example of a. motion of a major body part occurring within a smaller body part. b. motion of the hand occurring at the wrist joint. c. a major body part moving. d. motion of a smaller body part occurring within a major body part.

d

61. If a muscle crosses the knee joint posteriorly with a vertical direction to its fibers, what action does it have at the knee joint? a. medial rotation b. lateral rotation c. flexion d. extension

d

63. The term agonist is synonymous with which one of the following terms? a. antagonist b. neutralizer c. fixator d. mover

d

64. The prime mover is defined as a. the longest mover. b. the first mover to contract. c. the most efficient mover. d. the most powerful mover.

d

72. What term describes the distance from the axis of motion to the point of application on the lever? a. lever arm b. moment arm c. effort arm d. all of these choices

d

76. What is the disadvantage of increased leverage? a. The power of the contraction is decreased. b. The mechanical advantage is decreased. c. The speed of motion of the body part is decreased. d. All of these choices are correct.

d

79. What class of lever has the force that causes motion and the force of resistance to motion on the same side of the axis of motion? a. first b. second c. third d. choices b and c

d

82. A nonaxial movement has which class of lever? a. first b. second c. third d. none of these choices

d

93. If a muscle contracts and successfully shortens, which one of the following can happen? a. Bone A is pulled toward bone B. b. Bone B is pulled toward bone A. c. Both bones A and B are pulled toward each other. d. All of these choices are correct.

d

95. What spinal regions are located within the trunk? a. thoracic spine only b. thoracic and cervical spines c. lumbar and sacrococcygeal spines d. lumbar and thoracic spines

d

1. Which of the following body parts are located in the upper extremity? a. shoulder girdle, trunk, and arm b. hand, forearm, arm, and neck c. pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot d. shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand

d.