LHRD 4723 MIDTERM

The common goals element of the definition of leadership means ______.

. leaders and followers have a mutual purpose

The highly competent, highly committed follower benefits from

A leader who stays out of the day-to-day tasks and provides low levels of support

A manger arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his task early as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization. Which two traits best represent the manager?

Dependable and diligent

Blake & Mouton indicated that opportunistic leaders have a ______ style that they typically use and a ______ style they use under pressure.

Dominant, back-up

Who found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders?

Jung and Sosik

_______ argued that the major activities of management and leadership are played out differently; but both are essential to an organization.

Kotter

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I love to chat with them regularly, work with them on schedules that fit their needs, and work to develop camaraderie amongst all. I do assign tasks and hold them accountable for the work, but that is my secondary concern. My behavior would plot on the Blake and Mouton Leadership Grid at what point?

Moderately low task; moderately high relationship

It is accurate to say that Situational Leadership II (SLII) is primaril

Prescriptive

Intelligence as a leader characteristic is found in which of the following approaches?

Skills and trait

Who conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach?

Stogdill

The creating where individuals accomplish more together than they could if they acted on their own is:

Synergy

A boss, by definition, has position power over subordinates.

TRUE

When a team members practice a presentation that will be presented to the organization, a example of which behavioral team self-leadership strategies is being use?

Team rehearsal

In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as

a relational concern for both leaders and followers

One of the most contemporary approaches to studying leadership is the focus on ______.

followership

In their discussion about management and leadership, Bennis and Nanus said that leaders ______.

"do the right thing"

Writing about and researching leadership is ______.

. a universally appealing topic

A process view of leadership means that ______.

. anyone can learn leadership and emerge as a leader

The dean of the college appointed you to chair the student advisory committee. In this case, you are an ______.

. assigned leader

According to Kotter, management is about seeking stability, and leadership is about seeking ______.

. change

Coercive leadership is not considered ideal leadership as defined in this text because ______.

. influence in leadership includes followers and leaders working toward a common goal

Which of the following is most accurate about leaders and followers

. leaders have an ethical responsibility to followers

The trait definition of leadership suggests ______.

. leadership occurs because of who the leader is

Arvid works at a new smoothie shop that has not yet made a profit. The boss tells Arvid and the other workers that whoever sells more than 30 smoothies during their daily shift will earn a bonus. Arvid's boss is primarily using what type of function?

. management by developing an incentive program to solve a problem

. What kind of power is given to a leader by her/his followers?

. personal power

Which of the following is a planning and budgeting management function?

. setting timetables

Your coach thinks Daniel should be the team leader because Daniel is strong, confident, and intelligent. The coach is using which viewpoint of leadership?

. trait

The statement "She/he is born to be a leader" suggests a ______.

. trait definition of leadership

Your parents and older siblings are all successful elected officials. After graduation, it is suggested by many that you should seek office and, in turn, they offer you their support. Which best describes the leadership approach being demonstrated by your supporters?

. trait perspective

An example of synergy within a team would bE

1+1+1=5

Group theory, relationships, and leader effectiveness were three themes that dominated leadership research in which decade?

1950s

Scholarly research and popular work on the nature of leadership exploded in this decade.

1980s

Are leaders born or made? Defend your answer with specific topics and research in the text that supports your answer

Answers will vary. Students who answer "born" should use the trait definition of leadership and identify traits such as intelligence and height and dominance. Answers could include information from Chapter 2 about the intuitive appeal of being able to identify a leader by his or her traits, which makes followers want to follow. Students who answer "made" should discuss the influence and interactive nature of the definition of leadership. They could include that leaders develop over time as they interact with followers and learn how to interact with others as they gain experience. They might include information from Chapter 3 in their answers as well.

Which of the styles on Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid has low concern for interpersonal relationships and high concern for task accomplishment?

Authority compliance

Some positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence are

Being informed, initiating new ideas

Which of the styles on Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid has a high concern for interpersonal relationships and low concern for task accomplishment?

Country club

A leader who makes sure the personal and social needs of followers are met is displaying

Country club behaviors

As a recent graduate from the top chemistry program in the country, you quickly receive a positive with a chemical company are given a high-salary position. You are nervous and feel that you need more experience or assistance to meet organizational standards. According to the situational model, your level of development is

D3

You are the executive directors of the local animal human society. The staff you supervise have been working at the society for more than two years and you have given them consistently excellence performance appraisals at the last two annual reviews. You have noticed lately that they have brought new ideas to you for ways to improve customer service and animal care and that they are excited about helping new staff get accustomed to the workplace. Based on the Situational Leadership Approach, which leadership style should you exhibit?

Delegating

The behavior approach works by

Describing major types of leader behaviors

Which of the following statements best describes situational leadership?

Different situations demand different kinds of leadership

Using Kotter's functions of management and leadership model to support your argument, would you rather your direct supervisor be a leader or a manager? Use Kotter's model as a reference to the specifics of each.

Either manager or leader could be chosen here as long as the answer is well supported. A leader choice should consist of the key aspects suggested by Kotter: producing change and movement, establishing direction, aligning people, and motivating and inspiring. The same should be done if manager is chosen, focusing again on the following points: produces order and consistency, planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving.

Fisher associates all of the following positive communication behaviors with emergent leadership, except

Establishing roles

According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly.

FALSE

The process definition of leadership states that certain individuals have inborn qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders.

FALSE

The research on leadership generally has found it to be a relatively simple process.

FALSE

The view that leadership is a behavior rather than a trait emerged in the 1930s.

FALSE

Who focused on leaders matching their styles to the competence and commitment of employees?

Hersey and Blanchard

Hitler's reign is not considered a form of leadership because ______.

Hitler used coercion, which runs counter to the idea of working with followers

My boss really does not understand the technical aspects of the job my group is trying to complete. I understand the intricacies of the project, and my team members come to me with all of their questions. What has happened in this work setting?

I have emerged as the team leader.

All of the following are the results of having teams in the workplace except:

Increased costs (reduced costs, increased productivity, reduced absenteeism)

argued that the major activities of management and leadership are played out differently; but both are essential to an organization.

Kotter

If you would like to emerge as a leader in a group project for a class, what are two communication behaviors you should demonstrate?

Leadership emergence is associated with positive communication behaviors including being verbally involved with group members, being informed about the project, seeking group members' opinions, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid.

If your boss subscribes to the definition of leadership offered by your textbook, which part of that definition lessens the possibility that she will act unethically toward you and your co-workers?

Leadership includes attention to common goals. The focus on common means leaders and followers mutually decide on their purpose and goals. This mutuality helps ensure that leaders will work ethically with followers in ways that do not force or coerce.

Define leadership as it is presented in your textbook.

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

Often leadership occurs within a context where one individual influences a group of others to accomplish goals. Which best describes this component of leadership?

Leadership occurs in groups.

Leadership definitions have evolved during the 20th century in the following way:

Leadership research peaked in the 1980s

You really enjoy working for your boss and look up to her or him as a role model. You are more than willing to work hard for the organization because of your relationship with your boss. This is an example of

Personal power

Name and briefly describe the two types of personal power.

Personal power derives from being seen by others as likeable or knowledgeable. One form of personal power is referent power which is power based on identifying and liking the leader. Another form of personal power is expert power which is based on perceptions of the leader's competence.

Defend or refute: Men and women are equally likely to emerge as leaders in mixed-sex groups.

Research on emergent leadership identifies some positive communication behaviors associated with leader emergence: speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being a good listener and seeking out others' ideas, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid. At the same time, when men and women engage in these behaviors, they are perceived differently by group members. In Watson and Hoffman's 2004 study, men and women were seen as equally influential, but women were rated lower on leadership and likability. Depending on the group and task, women and men may not have equal opportunity to emerge as group leaders.

Successful teams are those that possess which of the following needed to perform work well?

Rewards

Name and briefly describe one of the approaches to studying leadership that has emerged in the 21st Century?

Several approaches have emerged in 21st Century leadership research. [Students could answer one of the following:] Authentic leadership focuses on the authenticity of leaders and their leadership. Spiritual leadership focuses on leadership that utilizes values and a sense of calling and membership to motivate followers. Servant leadership sees the leader in the role of servant, putting followers first and using caring principles. Adaptive leadership is when leaders encourage followers to adapt by confronting challenges and change. Followership puts spotlight on followers and the role they play in the leadership process. Discursive leadership holds that leadership is created through communication practices negotiated between leader and follower.

Teams work best when individuals have:

Strong individual skills and strong team skills

Leaders who use coercion are mostly interested in their own goals, rather than those of subordinates.

TRUE

Leadership occurs in both large and small groups.

TRUE

More than 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed.

TRUE

The earliest leadership theories in the 20th century emphasized control and centralization of power.

TRUE

The governor of your state possesses French and Raven's legitimate power.

TRUE

Using the definition of leadership as stated in the text--"Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal"--create an example where a leader uses and demonstrates each component effectively. Clearly explain and show how each component is present in your example. Use examples from the text to support your claims.

The following should be clearly identified and supported: Process-leadership discussed as an interaction between leader and followers, as well as emphasis on its availability to everyone. Influence--a specific mention of how said influence is applied within the example. Groups-the context of the example should in some way take place within a group or organizational setting. Common goals-the goals of both the leader and the follower should be mentioned and discussed as they relate to the other aspects of the definition.

Using Hogg's social identity theory, how could you coach a minority person who aspires to leadership in his or her organization?

There are two facets to this answer: First, social identity theory suggests that emergence is tied to a person's fit with the identity of the group as a whole. If a minority person does not fit the racial/ethnic/gender profile of the majority, then he or she should identify other dimensions of the group identity with which he or she does fit, such as political ideology or group mission, and highlight those when seeking leadership. Second, research on emergent leadership identifies some positive communication behaviors associated with leader emergence. Coaches should help individuals practice speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being good listeners and seeking out others' ideas, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid.

Kirkpatrick and Locke's research postulated that

Traits can be both inborn and learned

The underlying premise of emotional intelligence's impact on leadership is

Understanding one's own and others' emotions provides a base for impactful leadership

______ argued that leaders and managers are distinct; they are different types of people.

Zaleznik

In the book's discussion of leadership, power is described as ______

a relational concern for both leaders and followers

Coercing someone means to influence them ______.

against their will

The primary functions of leadership are ______.

aligning, visioning, inspiring

Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership?

an artistic process

The group thinks that Dawn is influential even though Dawn has no formal position of authority. Dawn can be described as ______.

an emergent leader

. Social identity theory would suggest leadership emergence occurs when ______.

an individual becomes most like the group prototype

The origins of the study of leadership can be traced back to ______.

ancient Greeks

You and your co-workers are struggling to learn a new software program at work, and you are on a tight deadline to get a report to a major client when your boss decides to step in. Which of the following uses of power by your boss would run counter to the common goals at work?

announcing that anyone who is not proficient by Friday will be replaced

Leadership and management ______.

are both needed in organizations

. In which way will leadership and power be approached in upcoming chapters?

as a relational concern for both leaders and followers

Some positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence are ______.

being informed, initiating new ideas

On the way to track practice you get pulled over for speeding. When you arrive to practice late, the coach makes you run laps. This is an example of ______.

coercive power

. Which part of the leadership definition offered in the textbook gives leadership its ethical tone?

common goals

As captain of the soccer team, your primary concern is winning games and maintaining the strength of the team. Your players couldn't care less about teamwork and just want to win. Which component of leadership would you recommend the leader focus on?

common goals

I can emerge as the leader in my group project by ______.

communicating and listening well with group members

Information power is ______.

derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need

. When contemporary leadership researchers analyze conversations between leaders and subordinates in a workplace, they are using which approach in their studies?

discursive approach

In the first few decades of the 20th century, leadership definitions centered on the notion of ______.

domination

Fisher associates all of the following positive communication behaviors with emergent leadership, except ______.

establishing roles

The faculty member on your study abroad trip to Costa Rica has traveled there many times and is quite knowledgeable about the country and places you visited. She gave you guidance about the country, local culture, and safety issues while you were interning with the local farmers. The faculty member was using ______.

expert power

Simonet and Tett (2012) found that management is distinct from leadership by its focus on ______.

extrinsic motivation

The leader is at the core of group change and activity, representing the backbone of the group or organization. Leadership is viewed as ______.

focus of group processes

The emerging approach known as servant leadership ______.

focuses on followers needs

Who is responsible for the leadership process

followers and leaders

The essential ingredient in leadership is ______.

influence

To coerce means to ______.

influence others to do something against their will

Which type of power have people used in recent years to level the playing field among leaders and followers?

information

Jeffrey is the chief financial officer of an established marketing firm. He recently learned that the company is going to try to merge with a new firm. He shares this potential merger with only a few of his mid-level managers he trusts. Jeffrey has ______.

information and legitimate power

Coercive leadership ______.

is forcing followers to engage in extreme behaviors

According to Hogg's research on leadership and social identity theory, a person is most likely to emerge as a leader in a group when she/he ______.

is recognized as being most similar to the group prototype

The "natural leader" trait definition of leadership

is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics

The "natural leader" trait definition of leadership ______.

is restricted to those with inborn talent, qualities, or characteristics

One key to emerging as a leader ______.

is to be perceived by others as likable and knowledgeable

Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because ______.

it is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex

Defining leadership as a process means ______.

it is a transactional event between leader and followers

Kellerman argues that in the last 40 years, there has been a shift in leadership power from ______.

leader dominated power to shared power with followers

Differences between management and leadership include ______.

leaders are emotionally involved, whereas managers have low emotional involvement

Simonet and Tett studied the difference between leadership and management. Which of the following best reflects their findings?

leadership involves creative thinking and comfort with ambiguity

The process definition of leadership implies ______.

leadership is reciprocal between leaders and followers

Leadership definitions have evolved during the 20th century in the following way:

leadership research peaked in the 1980s

Non-leadership is ______.

leadership that is focused on individual goals

Chief executive officers of any company have ______.

legitimate power

You are trying to explain to your friend the difference between managers and leaders. You would be most accurate in saying ______.

managers maintain order and leaders seek change

Kotter suggested that management produces ______ and ______.

order and consistency

People in the organization like me because I know what I am doing and share knowledge with followers. I have ______.

personal power

You really enjoy working for your boss and look up to her or him as a role model. You are more than willing to work hard for the organization because of your relationship with your boss. This is an example of ______.

personal power

The primary functions of management are ______.

planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling

. Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint would suggest leadership is accessible by all ______.

process

The four key elements of the definition of leadership used in the text are

process, influence, group, goal

The four key elements of the definition of leadership used in the text are ______.

process, influence, group, goal

The primary functions of management are ______.

producing order and consistency

Which of the following bases of power is considered personal power?

referent

Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is ______.

reward

You are told you need to work weekends. Your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power is your supervisor using?

reward

At work, you are on a team of people searching for a new CEO. Everyone agrees the new CEO needs to have excellent leadership skills, so your team starts writing the job description. Which phrase would you use in the job description to reflect your search for a leader?

searching for a change agent and creative thinker

Which way of classifying leadership involves capabilities to make leadership possible?

skills

Although there are clear differences between management and leadership, ______.

the two constructs overlap

Watson and Hoffman's study on leadership emergence with regard to gender-biased perceptions would suggest ______.

there continue to be barriers to women's emergence as leaders in some settings

After studying leadership for more than 100 years, scholars can agree on this one thing: ______.

there is still not a common definition of leadership for all contexts