Liam Tvenstrup Academic Team Part 1

Serotonin

Which hormone's functions include mood, appetite, memory, sleep cycle, and sexual desires? This is also a neurotransmitter that works in the *brain*.

Rickets

this condition is the result of a deficiency of *Vitamin D*. Symptoms include *delayed growth, softening of bones, weakness, and pain in the spine, legs and pelvis*.

(Molecular) Oxygen

21% of the atmosphere on Earth. What gas is the second-most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

Syncline

A downward fold in a rock is called this.

Systolic/Diastolic

A normal range blood pressure might be 120/72. What do the two numbers represent?

2 genotypes

A person with a Phenotype of A or B blood has how many genotypes?

1 genotype

A person with a phenotype of O or AB blood has how many genotypes?

Newtons

A physics concept whose formula is kilograms times meters per second squared.

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline, what hormone activates your "fight-or-flight" reponse?​

Anticline

An upward fold in a rock is called this.

Guard Cells

Bean shaped cells that enclose an opening in the leaf

Nitrification

Biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of nitrite into nitrate. This is an important step in the nitrogen cycle.

Propane

C3H8

Cellulose

C6H10O5

Glucose

C6H12O6

Acetic Acid

CH3COOH

Methane

CH4

Halogens

Chlorine, Fluorine, Iodine, Bromine, Astatine

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

Considered to be the greatest threat to our ozone (O3) layer

Velocity

Distance over Time

Independent Variable

During the Experiment phase of the Scientific Method, this is the factor that a scientist changes (time, angle, etc.).

Dependent Variable

During the Experiment phase of the Scientific Method, this is the factor that a scientist measures (height, length, etc.).

Normal Force

Equal and Opposite to weight for any stationary object on a horizontal flat surface. Component force is the one that is always perpendicular to the surface.

Pyroclastic flow

Fast moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter, like ash. Up to 700mph.

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms are primitive animals with bilateral symmetry and rudimentary organs. To what phylum do flatworms belong?

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Group of atoms that are cooled down to a hair of absolute zero (-237.16 degrees Celsius). When cooled, they clump together and from a physical point of view, they look like a single atom. This is also known as the *fifth* state of matter. What is this called?

Sulfuric acid (battery acid)

H2SO4

Horizon C

Horizons are soil layers parallel to the surface. Which Horizon is *parent material* found?

60,000 to 100,000 years

How long do ice ages last?

2 chambers

How many chambers are in the heart of a fish?

4 chambers

How many chambers do Mammals and Birds have in their heart.

3 chambers

How many chambers do reptiles and amphibians have in their heart?

Spleen

Human Organ responsible for the destruction of old and damaged blood cells

Constant Speed

If a speed of an object does NOT change, then the object is traveling at a...

Ceres

Is considered to be the largest object within the main asteroid belt

Medulla Oblongata (Medulla)

Lobe of the brain is one of the smallest and most primitive. Area of the brain is located on the brain stem, and is responsible for regulating vital functions such as heart rate, breathing rate, swallow reflex, and vomiting reflex.

The First Law of Thermodynamics

More commonly known as the Law of the Conservation of Energy, this states that the total amount of energy within a closed system remains constant.

Ammonia

NH3

Plasma

Phase of matter was declared as the fourth state of matter, and exists predominantly in the sun, stars and in other interstellar space. This state of matter is when the atoms have their electrons stripped from them.

Torque

Physics concept is applied when you use a wrench to turn a bolt. What is this force, that creates a turning motion?

Rain Shadow Effect

Prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. As air rises over the mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. On this side, or the windward side, precipitation will fall in the form of rain or snow. This dry air produces a rain shadow.

Conjugation

Process by which one bacterium transfers genetic materials to another through direct contact

Gametogenesis

Production of sperm and eggs, takes place during meiosis

Joule

SI unit of energy

Flagellum

Several Structures used for cellular movement

Gamma Rays

Shortest Wavelength

Silicon

Solar Cells, or Photovoltaic cells, are made of thin layers of this element. This is a metalloid.

Eutrophication

Stimulates an explosive growth of algae (algal blooms) that depletes the water of oxygen when the algae die and are eaten by bacteria.

Radiation

The ISS heats up greatly due to this on the side that is directly is facing the Sun.

Physics

The Scientific Branch that includes the String Theory, mechanics, thermodynamics, and quantum theory.

Concentration

The amount of one substance in a certain volume of another substance is called by this term. One might want to check their Orange Juice labels; it may be there.

EKG (strip)

The diagram pictured is a common diagnostic for human health. Also known as an *electrocardiogram*, what is this called?

wavelength

The distance between two consecutive troughs.

Radiowaves

The longest wavelength is called this.

Stomata

The opening made by the guard cells

Catastrophism

Theory that changes in Earth's crust during geological history have formed chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events (volcanos, asteroids, etc.).

Uniformitarianism

Theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from continuous and uniform processes

Dicots

These are a type of plants that have characteristics of the following: Branched leaf venation Two seed leaves Vascular bundles arranged in rings within stem

Springs

These are formed when the water table is close to the Earth's surface.

Echinoderms

These invertebrates are characterized by: Adults are radially symmetrical, larvae are bilaterally symmetrical They are covered in hard, spiny skin Include sea urchins, sea stars, and sand dollars.

Tides

These natural phenomena are caused by the interactions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. We have spring and neap of these.

Synthetic (Elements)

These types of elements are ones that are not found on Earth, but are rather *man-made*. Examples are *Technetium*, *Nobelium*, and *Oganesson*.

Hertz

This SI unit equals one cycle per second. What is this unit, used to measure a wave's frequency?

Rachel Carson

This activist wrote Silent Spring, and was able to pass a nationwide ban on the insecticide DDT.

Peptidoglycan

This compound is what makes up a *bacteria's* cell wall.

Scurvy

This condition is the result of a deficiency in *Vitamin C*. Symptoms include *bruising, bleeding gums, weakness, fatigue, and rash*.

Anemia

This condition is the result of a deficiency of *Iron* or *blood loss*. Symptoms include *fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and light headedness*.

Coriolis Effect

This effect is the result of Earth's rotation on weather patterns and ocean currents. It causes storms to swirl clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and caused storms to​ swirl *counterclockwise* in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

This entity, whose size is greater than that of Texas, is composed of *sludge, small floating plastic, and other debris*. What is it called?

Jane Goodall

This famous person was known for her work with chimpanzees.

Diane Fossey

This famous woman was known for her work with gorillas.

Incandescent

This form of the Light Bulb is the original (or, for you sneakerheads, OG) light bulb, the one that Edison himself had found, what is this light bulb?

Magnitude

This is a measure of energy released in an earthquake; Richter Scale

Capsid

This is a protein shell that surrounds a virus's nucleic acid.

Dopamine

This is another neurotransmitter, but instead of working in the brain, this neurotransmitter works in the body, mostly in your motor neurons.

Nicolas Copernicus

This man first proposed the *heliocentric* model, where the sun is the center of the Solar System. However, the Church and the people strongly disliked this theory. Galileo Galilei proved the model.

Hypothesis

This part of the Scientific Method is a question or proposed explanation that was built on limited evidence but is a starting point for further explanation.

Brain Stem

This part of the brain is responsible for the functions of breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and other important life functions.

Cerebellum

This part of the brain is responsible for the functions of regulation of movement and balance.

Cerebrum

This part of the brain is responsible for the functions of speech, movement, emotions, etc.

Cornea

This part of the eye is associated with near-sightedness (myopia) and far-sightedness (hypermetropia). this is also the eye's transparent, bulging outermost layer.

Crucible

This piece of lab equipment is used to heat objects to very high temperatures. What is it called?

Lithosphere

This region are the plates that make up the crust and the upper part of the mantle.

Robert Hooke

This scientist coined the word "cell". Who is he?

Joseph Priestley

This scientist discovered oxygen. Who is he?

Grace Hopper

This scientist helped create the UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer and coined the word "bug" for an unexpected computer failure. Who is she?

Charles Goodyear

This scientist invented rubber vulcanization. Who is he?

Michael Faraday

This scientist invented the electric motor. who is he?

Keratin

Tough, fibrous protein that, in humans, is located in toenails, hair, and the outer layer of skin? Also, it can be found in mammalian *horns* (not tusks or antlers) and turtle shells.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transport and synthesis of *fats* throughout the cell

Daltons

Unified Atomic Mass Unit: A standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale. One uamu is approx. the mass of one nucleon (mass of one proton/neutron) and is numerically equivalent to 1 g/mol

Singularity

We know very little about this area because of its lack of accessibility. what is this gravitational center of a black hole, where space-time is infinitely distorted?

Insulin

What hormone regulates your metabolism of glucose?

Rhizome

What is a continuously growing horizontal underground stem that produces roots and shoots?

Nerve Net

What is the simplest form of Nervous System, found in jellyfish?

Bacillus (Bacteria)

What is this form of bacteria called?

Erlenmeyer Flask

What is this?

Stationary Front

When a warm air mass and a cool air mass meet and no movement has occurred, what type of front has occurred?

Occluded Front

When warm air is trapped between a cold air mass and a cool air mass, what type of front has occurred?

Ohm

​What is the SI unit used to measure electrical resistance?