Maintance Tech 2-3 Conventional
Why are backup AC generators included in many commercial AC uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and DC power systems?
To provide AC power in the event of a prolonged utility power interruption.
When preparing a splice closure, what should be done with the fiberglass rod strength member that runs down the center of loose-tube fiber-optic cable?
Trim the strength member back for convenience, but leave it long enough to be tightly clamped to a strain-relief lug in the closure.
typically, what is the first step to take when adjusting an optical receiver?
Turn on the optical receiver.
What does water do to the glass core of an optical fiber?
Water causes the glass core of the optical fiber to become opaque, which degrades the signal as it's transported through the fiber.
What information should always be included in fiber optic network documentation
fiber assignments
Which category of fiber optic cable design typically uses some variation of the star topology.
signal distribution
Which type of fusion splicer is ideal for fiber to the x FTTx splicing?
the fixed V groove splicer
What is the ideal way for a broadband cable network designer to plan the replacement of coaxial cable with fiber optic cable to shorten amplifier cascades.
use the existing coaxial network infrastructure.
What are some prerequisites before performing a fusion splice of optical fibers?
A controlled environment such as a splicing can trailer or tent and a stable work surface that is large enough to accommodate the fusion splicer tools and the splice closure.
Where would you expect to install a mid-entry splice in a fiber-optic cable network?
A location where a select number of optical fibers need to be spliced, and the remaining buffer tubes and fibers remain untouched.
When testing the fiber-optic plant,
An optical power meter is used to measure the strength of light signals anywhere in a fiber system where a connection can be made.
Why are Velcro straps preferred over standard plastic tie wraps when bundling pigtails for storage in a splice panel?
Because Velcro straps are removable and can hold the pigtails together without placing undue strain on the optical fibers.
Which type of passive optical network (PON) architecture was formed to develop a cost-effective, high-bandwidth, easy-toprovision solution for connecting businesses, schools, libaries, and customer local area networks to the public internet?
Ethernet PON (EPON)
What are potential sources of problems in aerial installations?
Falling branches, pole attachment problems, and improper sag and loading considerations.
Why do many optical nodes accept two independent power supplies?
For redundant Powering of the node.
Which type of optical coupler provides the least amount of insertion loss?
Fused.
Which types of passive optical network (PON) acces architecture replaced asynchronous PON (APON).
Gigabit-capable PON (GPON).
When would a mid entry splice in a fiber optic network be used?
In a self healing ring network that requires only two fibers to feed an optical fiber drop.
What is one of the requirements that have been identified for next-generation access network architectures?
Increased power consumption.
The number of rectifiers used in a DC power plant design.
Is dependent upon the load placed on the system.
Which of the following is true of a Centralized power node?
It can provide sufficient power for a fiber-optic node, including outside plant amplifiers and customer premis network interface devices (NID) for telephony service.
Why might a technician who is troubleshooting an outage in an optical network want to refer to the networks as built documentation
It will help the technician determine specific cable lengths.
what is the core objective of docsis provisioning of EPON or DPoE, access architecture?
To make the EPon Elements appear and operate as DOCSIS elements to existing DOCSIS-based back office provisioning operations.
When splicing fiber-optic cable, why is it a good safety practice to clean off fiber strippers and other hand tools after each use?
To prevent the accidental transfer of fiber debris or fiber chips onto clean hands.
Which type of optical amplifier produces no measurable distortion to the modulated light wave?
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)
What is a benefit of using point-to-point(P2P) topology instead of a point -to-multipoint(P2MP) topology?
P2P topologies are more stable than P2MP topologies.
How should the buffer tubes be secured in the closure?
The buffer tubes should be secured with tie wraps so that there is no movement of the optical fibers inside the buffer tube.
What is one process that has to happen before digital modulation can occur in an optical transmitter?
The data must be encoded.
The 10G-EPON acces architecture supports two data rates in the upstrean what are they?
1 Gbps and 10 Gbps
What topology do most fiber-to-the-user (FTTx) networks use which requires greater fiber color code management in its documentation?
Point to multipoint (P2MP)
How many meters of slack cable are typically used in an aerial installation.
15-25 meters
What is the maximum data rate the XG-PON1 (10G-PON) access architecture supports in the upstream?
2.5 Gbps.
Why are the amplitude levels into an optical transmitter different between analog television and quadrature amplitude modulation carriers?
Because analog carriers have a video sync pulse which can be used to set amplitude QAM carriers don't have a sync pulse the average power of the carrier is used to adjust the QAM carriers amplitude.
What is the purpose of buffer tubes in fiber-optic cable?
Buffer tubes protect and separate the optical fiber in smaller bundles.
In a hybrid fiber/coax HFC fiber optic node, what are common voltages produced by DC power supplies?
Common Voltage includes +5, +12 and +24 VDC
which of these are concerns for radio frequency over glass (RF0G) and, fiber-to-the-x(FTTx) systems?
Consideration of how and who will provide AC power to the optical network terminal (ONT) at the customer premises.
What are the main elements of an optical transmitter?
Data encoder/modulator, electrical interface, laser,optical interface.
What are the main elements of an optical receiver?
Demodilator, electrical interface, optical detector, optical interface.
As changes are introduced to a fiber-optic network,
Documentation must be updated to reflect the new configuration and performance data.
When activating a fiber optic network which acceptance testing sage includes adjusting attenuation levels for the first time.
During equipment activation.
When preparing fiber optic cable for connection to a patch panel how much buffer tube and fiber slack should be provided.
Leave enough slack in the buffer tubes to allow the splice trays to reach the splicing equipment and enough fiber slack to store on individual trays for later additions mover and changes.
What step should be performed at the beginning of every fusion splicing operation?
Make a number of test spliced to set up the fusion splicer and to verify the instruments settings and calibration for both the environment and the type of fiber to be spliced.
Improper use of nylon tie wraps can induce this problem:
Microbends
Which component of a digital optical network is used to receive digital modulation light wave and convert them to an electrical signal.
Optical Transpoder.
Which element of passive optical network consists of downstream (forward path) optical transmitter, an upstream (returnpath) receiver, and a multiplexer/demultiplexer?
Optical line terminal (OLT)
what is it abount radio frequency over glass (RFoG) that made broadband cable operators envision using it to make a seamless transition from the lagacy hybrid fiber architecture over to gigabit-capable passive optical network or ethernet passive optical network?
RFoG can operate in parallel with GPON and EPON, operating independent of the PON communications protocols and data rates.
How are optical splices secured in a splice tray?
Retaining clips hold optical splices in place in a splice tray.
The troubleshooting process
Should include steps that identify, analyze, and locate the problem as well as diagnose its source, repair the problem, and test to ensure the problem is resolved
In what applications is a splice closure used?
Splice closures are used to protect optical fibers and splices against a full range of environmental changes in aerial installations or below ground in vaults.
What is the purpose of splice trays inside splice closures?
Splice trays are designed to provide protection for mechanical splices, fusion splice protectors, and optical splitters as well as provide storage for the required fiber slack.
If tight-buffered distribution fiber optic cable is installed between the master splice panel in optical entrance enclosure and a rack mounted fiber optic distribution panel where is the facility must the distribution panel be located?
The distribution panel can be located anywhere in the facility since the distribution cable complies with indoor code requirements for riser or plenum installations.
What is true of the following types of uninterruptible power supplies(UPS)?
The offline type routes.
What is the best way to prevent problems in outside fiber-optic splice enclosures?
The outer jacket and the internal cable structures must be secured individually to protect the closure and splice trays from the effects of expansion and contraction
Which fusion splicer alignment method uses a camera to align the optical fibers before splicing?
The profile alignment system (PAS) method
The quality and attenuation value of a mechanical splice of optical fibers is dependent on which tool during the preparation process.
The quality and attenuation of the mechanical; splice of optical fibers is dependent on the quality of the cleaving tool.
In a fiber-optic network,
The role of maintenance is to proactively maintain network tolerances and recognize, locate, and remedy potential problems.
A fiber-optic network maintenance plan should be developed with which of the following in mind?
The task of compiling the physical document must become the responsibility of an identifiable position or organization
What is true of online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems?
They are recommended for commercial applications such as data centers and telecommunications operations.
Why is -48VDC with positive ground used by the telecommunications industry?
This reverse polarity is means of mitigating electrolytic corrosion on the outside plant.
What is an option available on most optical nodes for connectin to the power supply?
Through a power cable that is connected from the power supply directly to the power port of the node.
When preparing a fiber-optic cable for splicing, what is the purpose of removing approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) of jacket and any armor that is present, from the end of the cable?
To access the cable's rip cord and to check the cutting depth of the knife or ringing tool.
What is one example of a stipulation in a franchise agreement that would affect network design.
a 100% fiber optic network
Which type of map contains node information.
design map
What is a design option for a broadband cable network to maximize the use of its optical fiber resources.
leasing spare fibers
During installation of fiber-optic cable, what does damage to the cable jacket cause?
moisture migration into the cable
Which of these items should be identifies on a route map.
parks