MC Microbiology Chapter 19

A gradual rise in numbers during an epidemic indicates a common source epidemic. True False

B

Approximately what percentage of hospitalized patients may develop a nosocomial infection? A. 0% B. 5% C. 20% D. 70%

B

Cross-sectional surveys are very useful in establishing cause of a disease. True False

B

Generally, the smaller the infective dose, the lower the chance of disease. True False

B

Important sources of contamination in crowded locations are A. blood. B. droplets of saliva or mucus. C. restrooms. D. kitchens.

B

In a double-blind test the treating physician knows who is getting the actual treatment. True False

B

Inanimate objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are A. vectors. B. fomites. C. vehicles. D. reservoirs.

B

So far, the only disease that has been globally eradicated is A. polio B. smallpox C. measles D. diphtheria

B

The doctor responsible for introducing the idea of hand washing before attending patients was A. Klein. B. Semmelweis. C. Koch. D. Pasteur.

B

The portal of entry typically has little effect on the course of a disease. True False

B

The reservoir of infection for botulism and tetanus is A. humans. B. soil. C. water. D. animals. E. soil AND water.

B

The type of epidemiological study that determines the characteristics of the persons involved and the time and place of the outbreak is called a(n) A. inspection study. B. descriptive study. C. cohortive study. D. retrospective study.

B

A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n) A. endemic. B. pandemic. C. outbreak. D. attack break.

C

A dramatic increase in the incidence of a specific disease in a given population is referred to as a(n) A. pandemic. B. endemic. C. epidemic. D. mortality.

C

A new serotype of Vibrio cholerae, V. cholerae 0139, has picked up the ability to produce A. pili. B. flagella. C. capsules. D. toxin.

C

An epidemic that spreads worldwide is called a(n) A. epidemical. B. endemic. C. pandemic. D. syndemic.

C

An experimental study in which neither the doctor nor the patient knows who is getting the actual treatment is called A. single-sided. B. double-sided. C. double-blind. D. double-barrier.

C

Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called A. parasitic. B. symbiotic. C. zoonotic. D. epidemic.

C

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises and falls rapidly, this is called a(n) A. propagated epidemic. B. promulgated epidemic. C. common source epidemic. D. index epidemic.

C

Large respiratory droplets typically travel no farther from point of release than A. 3 meters. B. 5 meters. C. 1 meter. D. 20 meters.

C

Schistosomiasis has increased in areas where A. snails have become a delicacy. B. crayfish are eaten. C. dams have been built. D. swamps have been drained.

C

The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the A. exposure. B. number. C. dose. D. level.

C

The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the A. prodromal phase. B. decline phase. C. incubation period. D. lag phase.

C

An infection acquired during hospitalization is referred to as A. antibiotic-induced. B. therapeutic. C. medication-stimulated. D. nosocomial.

D

Another name for childbed fever is A. S. aureus intoxication. B. toxic shock syndrome. C. Klein's disease. D. puerperal fever.

D

Apparently healthy people who may transmit a pathogen they harbor are called A. vectors. B. fomites. C. vehicles. D. carriers.

D

Because of the natural evolution of microorganisms, it is necessary to use techniques that allow distinguishing them at the level of A. species. B. genera. C. family. D. strain.

D

Diseases constantly present in a population are called A. epidemic. B. chronic. C. latent. D. endemic.

D

Gonorrhea is a disease that may be A. zoonotic. B. pandemic. C. syndemic. D. asymptomatic.

D

The World Health Organization (WHO) is part of the A. Food and Drug Administration. B. Department of Health and Human Services. C. Department of Human Resources. D. United Nations. E. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

D

The first identified case in an outbreak is called the A. starter case. B. traceable case. C. primary case. D. index case.

D

The guidelines designed for prevention of nosocomial disease during care of all patients is called A. Universal Disposables. B. Disinfection Manifesto. C. Asepsis Preference. D. Standard Precautions.

D

The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their A. general health. B. cultural practices. C. age. D. genetic background.

D

The member of the hospital staff who surveys the types and numbers of nosocomial infections is called the A. head nurse. B. staff control. C. attending physician. D. infection control practitioner.

D

The natural habitat of a pathogen is referred to as its A. home. B. primary inhabitance. C. infectious site. D. reservoir.

D

Transmission-Based Precautions A. is a course health workers must take. B. are guidelines from WHO for dealing with emerging diseases. C. are instructions on the care of all patients. D. are guidelines to use with patients infected with a highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogen.

D

Vertical transmission involves A. droplet transmission. B. fomites. C. pasteurization. D. pregnant woman to fetus.

D

When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as A. protected population. B. active immunity. C. passive immunity. D. herd immunity.

D

Which of the following is called a zoonotic disease? A. measles B. typhoid C. common cold D. plague

D

A fly may serve as a mechanical vector. True False

A

A placebo is a mock drug. True False

A

Diseases with long incubation periods are more likely to spread extensively. True False

A

Human population growth and expansion contribute to emergence of diseases. True False

A

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises gradually, this is called a(n) A. propagated epidemic. B. promulgated epidemic. C. common source epidemic. D. index epidemic.

A

Nosocomial infections are those acquired at a hospital. True False

A

The fraction of a population who die from a specific disease is called A. mortality rate. B. morbidity rate. C. attack rate. D. incidence rate.

A

The number of cases of a specific disease per one hundred people exposed is called the A. attack rate. B. index rate. C. mortality rate. D. obesity rate.

A

The publication of the CDC that reports new cases of reportable infectious diseases is titled A. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). B. State Health News Letter (SHNL). C. Federal Report of Infectious Disease (FRID). D. National Morbidity Weekly.

A

The very young and the elderly are more susceptible to infectious disease. True False

A

Which of the following is not a mechanical vector? A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human

A

Which of the following is not a vector? A. fomite B. human C. fly D. flea E. fomite AND human

A

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed A. symptomatic. B. clinical. C. acute. D. latent. E. communicable.

E

Prevention of patient-to-personnel transmission of disease keys on limiting contact with A. patients. B. personnel. C. administrators. D. physicians. E. body fluids.

E

The threat of bioterrorism A. is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases. B. is exaggerated in light of the efficiency of our healthcare system. C. may include rarely seen infectious agents. D. has prompted WHO to prepare a readiness plan. E. is due largely to the ease of spread and severity of diseases AND may include rarely seen infectious agents.

E

WHO has targeted for elimination of A. polio. B. dracunculiasis. C. measles. D. plague. E. polio, dracunculiasis AND measles.

E

Which of the following contributes to nosocomial disease? A. susceptible population B. hospital environment C. other patients D. patient's own normal flora E. All of the choices are correct.

E

Which of the following is recommended by the Standard Precautions guidelines? A. glove use B. hand washing C. a face shield D. antibiotic use E. glove use, hand washing AND a face shield

E

Which of the following may be associated with nosocomial disease? A. Enterococcus species. B. Escherichia coli. C. Pseudomonas species. D. Staphylococcus aureus. E. All of the choices are correct.

E