Menstruation - ob/gyn

What changes occur in the endometrium? Days 7-14

During days 7-14 the endometrium begins to re-grow and regenerate

What happens to the following hormone levels during the luteal/secretory phase? Luteinizing and Follicle stimulation hormone

Luteinizing hormone. Why? - During the luteal and secretory phases the luteinizing hormone drops off and the picks back up on day 1 of the next cycle because it is not needed during either of these phases. Follicle stimulation hormone. Why? - During the luteal and secretory phases the Follicle stimulation hormone drops off and the picks back up on day 1 of the next cycle because it is not needed during either of these phases.

What is ovulation?

Ovulation is the release of ovum from follicle.

What events are triggered by the peak in LH?

Ovulation is triggered by the peak in LH.

What day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Ovulation of the menstrual cycle occurs on day 14.

What hormone influences the changes in the endometrium from day 1 to ovulation?

Progesterone is the hormone that influences the changes in the endometrium from day 1 to ovulation.

2. When does progesterone peak?.

Progesterone peaks about seven days after ovulation.

Name the phase of the ovarian cycle following ovulation.

The name of the ovarian cycle following ovulation is the Luteal Phase.

Estrogen origin

The origin of Estrogen are the follicles.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) origin

The origin of FSH is the Anterior Pituitary Gland.

Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) origin

The origin of GnRH is the Hypothalamus.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) origin

The origin of LH is the Anterior Pituitary Gland.

What triggers the peak in FSH and LH production around day 13?

The peak in estrogen triggers the peak in FSH and LH production around day 13.

How does the rise in estrogen levels affect the levels of FSH?

The rise in estrogen levels affect the levels of FSH by the rising levels of Estrogen stopping the production of FSH.

Estrogen

The role of Estrogen is development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

The role of FSH is that it stimulates follicular growth and development within the ovary and it also stimulates maturation from a primary follicle to a secondary follicle.

Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH)

The role of GnRH are to stimulate the Anterior Pituitary Gland to produce gonadotropins hormones Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Estrogen target organ

The target organ of Estrogen is the Pituitary Gland

Progesterone target organ

The target organ of Progesterone is the Uterus

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) taget organ

The target organ of the FSH are the ovaries

Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) traget organ

The target organ of the GnRH is the Anterior Pituitary Gland

What is the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium at ovulation?

The ultrasound appearance of the endometrium at ovulation in the early state is 4mm-8mm. In the late state its ultrasound appearance is 6mm-10mm and has a triple-layer or multilayer appearance.

Estrogen effects on target organ

the effect of Estrogen on the Pituitary Gland are are to secrete LH.

Gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH) effect on target organ

the effects of GnRH on the Anterior Pituitary Gland are to stimulate the release of FSH and LH.

Progesterone origin

the origin of Progesterone is the corpus luteum.

4. When do progesterone and estrogen levels begin to decline and why?

- Progesterone and estrogen levels being to decline when there is no pregnancy because the endometrium begins to degenerate.

What triggers the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormones?

- The drop in Estrogen and Progesterone trigger the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormones.

What is the thickness during the secretory phase?

- the thickness during the secretory phase is between 7mm-14mm.

What happens to the endometrium during the phase from day 1 to ovulation?

During day 1 to ovulation the endometrium is degenerating and re-growing. From days 1 to 5 the functional layer of the endometrium sloughs off and vaginal bleeding begins. From days to 6 to ovulation the endometrium thickens and re-grows as it is supplied with more blood vessels.

What is happening to the levels of estrogen and progesterone? Days 7-14

During days 7-14 estrogen levels are very high and begin to drop off at day 14 while progesterone has low levels until day 14 and begins to peak.

What is happening to follicle stimulation hormone and luteinizing hormone? Days 7-14

During days 7-14 the FSH is steady and then drops at day 9 and then spikes at day 13 and then drops off at day 14. LH is steady until about day 12 and peaks around day 13 and then drops off at day14.

What is happening in the ovaries during the time frame you selected? Days 7-14

During the days of 7-14, in the ovaries the secondary follicle becomes the vesicular follicle and on day 14 ovulation of this follicle occurs

Approximately what day in the menstrual cycle do estrogen levels peak?

Estrogen levels peak at approximately day 12

What effect do rising progesterone levels have on the endometrium?

The effects that the rising progesterone levels have on the endometrium are that is thickens to accept the blastocyst.

What becomes of the follicle following ovulation?

The follicle after ovulation after ovulation or a ruptured follicle (corpus hemorrhagicum) now becomes a corpus lutuem or yellow-body.

What is the function of FSH at this stage?

The function of FSH at this stage is the last step of follicle maturation.

What phase of the endometrial cycle does this correspond with?

The menstrual phase during days 1 to 5 corresponds to the early follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. The proliferative phase during the days 6 to 14 of the endometrial cycle corresponds with the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

The role of LH is to stimulate ovulation and to stimulate the formation of corpus luteum.

Progesterone

The role of Progesterone is thickening the lining of the uterus each month.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) target organ

The target organ of LH are the ovaries

What does this new structure release?

This new structure releases progesterone and some estrogen

Progesterone effects on target organ

the effect of Progesterone on the Uterus are to stimulate the secretion of the endometrial glands.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) effects on target organ

the effect that FSH has on the ovaries are for the maturation of the follicle and to stimulate the maturation from a primary follicle to a secondary follicle to finally the vesicular follicle right up to ovulation.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) effects on target organ

the effects of LH on the Ovaries are to stimulate the final maturation of the follicle.

What effect does this have on the endometrium?

the effects that this has on the endometrium is that it continues to grow and thicken.

Name the phase of the ovarian cycle from day 1 to ovulation.

the name of the ovarian cycle from day 1 to ovulation is the follicular phase

What phase of the endometrial cycle does this correspond with?

the phase the endometrial cycle that this corresponds with is the secretory phase.

What is the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase?

the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase is that is thick, edematous, soft and becomes hyperechoic.