MHS Sleep and Dreams Quiz

Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage? A. Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure B. Possible muscle contractions and sensations of falling C. Likelihood of sleepwalking and sleep talking D. Slow breathing, low heart rate, low blood pressure E. Acting out dreams and bed-wetting

A. Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure

Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response? A. His circadian rhythm has been disrupted. B. His stages of sleep are out of order. C. His delta waves have lost significant amplitude. D. He has narcolepsy. E. He is experiencing REM rebound.

A. His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep? A. It is correlated with dreaming. B. It leads to a marked increase in muscle tone. C. It alternates with NREM sleep in 30-minute cycles. D. It occurs during the first half of an individual's sleep cycle. E. It involves decreased blood pressure and heart rate.

A. It is correlated with dreaming.

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions? A. Sleep apnea B. Narcolepsy C. Insomnia D. Night terrors E. The REM rebound effect

A. Sleep apnea

Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam's being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following? A. The manifest content B. The latent content C. Memory consolidation D. Repression E. A hypnagogic hallucination

A. The manifest content

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the A. activation-synthesis theory B. psychoanalytic theory C. social learning theory D. cognitive theory E. evolutionary theory

A. activation-synthesis theory

Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns? A. Anna Rosa is more likely than Malia to have night terrors. B. Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does. C. Anna Rosa spends more of her sleep time in deep sleep than Malia does. D. Anna Rosa spends more of the night dreaming than Malia does. E. Anna Rosa and Malia have the same sleep patterns.

B. Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.

Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated? A. Sleep apnea B. Narcolepsy C. Insomnia D. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder E. Somnambulism

B. Narcolepsy

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms? A. Prefrontal cortex, occipital lobe, cerebellum B. Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland C. Proprioceptors, thalamus, somatosensory cortex D. Medulla, thalamus, pituitary gland E. Cerebral cortex, motor cortex, adrenal glands

B. Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm? A. The ebb and flow of an individual's emotions during a 24-hour period B. Jet lag experienced after an airline flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo C. A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours D. The series of five stages that people go through during a normal night's sleep E. The systematic alternation between alpha waves and delta waves during the different sleep stages

C. A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid? A. There are no valid physiological indicators of sleep. B. Longer dreams usually occur during the first sleep cycle. C. Individuals do not typically act out their dreams. D. Sigmund Freud developed his theory of dreaming by waking individuals from REM sleep. E. Sleep spindles occur with greater frequency in individuals who experience night terrors.

C. Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.

REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics? A. Slowed heart rate B. Slowed respiration rate C. Lowered blood pressure D. Lowered muscle tone E. Reduced eye movements

D. Lowered muscle tone

The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as A. spontaneous neural activity B. the biofeedback monitor C. a fixed-interval schedule D. a circadian rhythm E. active consciousness

D. a circadian rhythm

Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming? A. Housekeeping B. Feedback deprivation C. Wish fulfillment D. Cognitive problem-solving E. Activation-synthesis

E. Activation-synthesis

A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms? A. Somnambulism B. Sleep terrors C. Narcolepsy D. REM behavior disorder E. Sleep apnea

E. Sleep apnea

Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag? A. They experience an increase in REM rebound. B. There is a decrease in the duration of alpha waves in sleep. C. They experience excess amounts of NREM sleep. D. There is a reduction in their parasomnias. E. There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.

E. There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for A. decreasing repression B. sublimating the id C. strengthening the superego D. displacing instinctual forces E. gaining insight into unconscious motives

E. gaining insight into unconscious motives

Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are A. over the age of 65 B. woken up while sleepwalking C. overweight D. snoring E. in REM sleep

E. in REM sleep