Microbiology Exam 1

Which microorganisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Bacteria Archaea

Which of the following is a difference between archaea and bacteria?

Bacteria possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls whereas archaea do not

Using microorganisms to degrade toxic chemical spills is an example of____?

Biodegradation

The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems is the definition of_____

Biotechnology

In research, a model organism should____

Function in a manner similar to other organisms

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their ____

Method of multiplication Energy source used Shape Prokaryotic cell structure

when scientists share their work in scientific journals, they are communicating the___

Methods Conclusions Results

The cellulose that makes up the plant cell walls of grass can be digested by certain species of ____

Microbes

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal _____

Microbiota

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a ________

Prion

Which of the following are composed solely of proteins

Prions

Which of the following are the most resistant to sterilization techniques?

Prions

Which of the following are classified as an acellular infectious agents?

Prions Viruses Viroids

Algae and Protozoa are also referred to as ________, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

Protists

Lazaro spalls zani's experiments in the 1700s showed that flasks of brother that had been boiled for long periods of time and sealed____

Remained sterile

The structure of ATP includes

Ribose three phosphate groups adenine

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______

Run out

The function of a protein relates to the proteins

Shape

Although stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eradicated(eliminated) which of the following diseases?

Smallpox

Archaea are commonly found in which roles or environments?

Soils Hot springs Extremely salty water such as the Great Salt Lake and Dead Sea

Louis Pateur helped disprove ________.

Spotaneous generation

To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given special ____ designations

Strain

Where are algae most likely to be found?

Surfaces of oceans, lakes, and streams Most terrestrial habitats

The human body and it's microbial inhabitants can best be compared to____

The earth's environment and their interacting inhabitants

Consider the human microbiome project begun in 2007. The term "microbiome" has which two overlapping meanings?

The total genetic content of a microbial community The microbial community itself

When an extensive amount of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become a scientific

Theory

Cervical cancer caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ____

Vaccine

Unlike the term microorganisms, the word microbe also includes,______

Viruses

Which of the following is/are true regarding viruses?

Viruses are nonliving Viruses are acellular Viruses are smaller than most bacteria

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

We could not survive without them

Which of the following is a single- called fungus?

Yeast

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

Yogurt cheese beer

Unlike other organisms, _____ have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.

bacteria

For the name streptococcus pyogenes, the first part indicates the ___ and gives information about the shape of the organism.

genus

Proton

positively charged particle

Members of which domains can be infected by viruses?

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

The domains ______ and _______ are made up of prokaryotes.

Bacteria Archaea

Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oils, which all have the potential to be used as____

Biofuels

______ is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.

Bioremediation

___ is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles

Eukarya

A microbial metabolic process used in the manufacture of food and beverages such as yogurt, cheese, pickled veggies, bread, wine, and beer is known as___

Fermantation

The disproving of spontaneous generation led to an era referred to as the_____

Golden age of Microbiology

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms Microorganisms multiply quickly Microorganisms are cheaper to study

Like plants, some microorganisms _______

Produce oxygen(O2) Are photosynthetic

Which of the following is/are the correct way(s) to write an organisms binomial name?

S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus Italicize capital first name lowercase second name

Which of the following are characteristics of Protozoa?

Single-celled eukaryotes Microscopic

Algae are_______

Single-felled, photosynthetic eukaryotes multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes

The species name of Escherichia coli and Escherichia vulneris reflect the ____

Site where the organisms may be found

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

Small Size

The term staphylococci is an informal name for species of the genus ______

Staphylococcus

Electron

negatively charged particle

Neutron

uncharged particle

A __________ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

Pathogen

All of the following are commonly found in algae except.. chloroplasts a nucleus peptidoglycan a cell wall flagella

Peptidoglycan

If you discover a single- celled organism that is 50 micrometers wide and has a nucleus and organelles, it belongs to which domain?

Eukarya

Because less than 1% of microorganisms can currently be grown in the laboratory, most of what we know about the other 99%comes from_____

DNA Sequencing

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by___

Destroying millions or pig, sheep, and cattle

Rank the steps in the scientific process in order

!. Make an observation about something and ask a question about the situation 2. Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation. 3. Collect data from this experiment and draw a conclusion. 4. Communicate the methods, results, and conclusions.

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in____, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.

Chloroplasts

Applying the base-pairing rules to both strands of a DNA molecule, one can conclude that one strand is____ to the other

Complementary

A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanations showing that the only feature that varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. The component that does this is called _____.

Control

Some scientist were skeptical of Pasteur's results because they____

Could not reproduce his results

An infectious diseases that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an _______ infectious disease (EID)

Emerging

Which diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?

Emerging

John Tyndall's experiments in the 1800s showed that live microorganisms remained in some broths even after they had been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of a heat resistant form of bacteria called an _______

Endospore

John Needham's experiments showed that microorganisms grew in briths the had been boiled and sealed with a cork. Later experiments showed that either the cork did not properly keep out microbes, or the growth was due to_____

Endospores that survived the boiling temperatures

The term___ refers to a multicellular parasite such as a roundworm or tapeworm.

Helminth

Organic compounds are those that contain at least _____ and ______.

Hydrogen and carbon

Which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars 1 and 2 combined?

Influenza

Scientist share their work by publishing it in scientific journals. Respected scientific journals have other experts in the field review the work and provide suggestions for improvements before it is published. This process of publishing in peer-reviewed journals is especially important because_____. This publication is especially important because_______.

It allows other scientist to repeat the experiment to ensure the validity of the findings. It helps ensure that published results are valid and founded in science.

Which of the following describes a viroid?

It can infect plants It consists of RNA

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms

In research, bacteria often serve as _____, meaning that they are studied as a means to better understand processes fundamental to higher life forms

Model organisms

A_____ is the basic building block for carbs, and it generally occurs as a ring-shaped structure.

Monosaccharide

A disaccharide is composed of two_____ joined together by a covalent bond.

Monosaccharides

Which of the following characteristics describe Protozoa?

Most are motile Can he found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Eukaryotic organisms can be______

Multi-celled Single-celled

Which of the following is/are true regarding viruses?

Outside of host cells, viruses are inactive Viruses can only multiply within host cells

Infectious disease can re-emerge as a result of ______

Parents refusing to vaccinate their children Pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications

True or false: Eukaryotic microbes are generally larger than prokaryotic microbes.

True

True or false: although the best studied archaea inhabit extreme environments, many others are widely distributed in soils, oceans, marshes and even the intestinal reacts of animals

True

True or false: studies indicate early exposure to cartoon common microorganisms may actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies.

True

True or false: travelers and immigrants can contribute to disease emergence

True

Which describes a viroid?

It consists of a single short price of RNA

Which of the following are produced metabolically by microorganisms

Ethanol as a biofuel Antibiotics Cellulose used in stereo headsets

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the____ theory of disease

Germ

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by____

Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment