Microbiology Exam 1
Which microorganisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
Bacteria Archaea
Which of the following is a difference between archaea and bacteria?
Bacteria possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls whereas archaea do not
Using microorganisms to degrade toxic chemical spills is an example of____?
Biodegradation
The use of microorganisms to solve practical problems is the definition of_____
Biotechnology
In research, a model organism should____
Function in a manner similar to other organisms
Which defines spontaneous generation?
Life arose from non-living matter
Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include their ____
Method of multiplication Energy source used Shape Prokaryotic cell structure
when scientists share their work in scientific journals, they are communicating the___
Methods Conclusions Results
The cellulose that makes up the plant cell walls of grass can be digested by certain species of ____
Microbes
Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal _____
Microbiota
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a ________
Prion
Which of the following are composed solely of proteins
Prions
Which of the following are the most resistant to sterilization techniques?
Prions
Which of the following are classified as an acellular infectious agents?
Prions Viruses Viroids
Algae and Protozoa are also referred to as ________, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.
Protists
Lazaro spalls zani's experiments in the 1700s showed that flasks of brother that had been boiled for long periods of time and sealed____
Remained sterile
The structure of ATP includes
Ribose three phosphate groups adenine
Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______
Run out
The function of a protein relates to the proteins
Shape
Although stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eradicated(eliminated) which of the following diseases?
Smallpox
Archaea are commonly found in which roles or environments?
Soils Hot springs Extremely salty water such as the Great Salt Lake and Dead Sea
Louis Pateur helped disprove ________.
Spotaneous generation
To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given special ____ designations
Strain
Where are algae most likely to be found?
Surfaces of oceans, lakes, and streams Most terrestrial habitats
The human body and it's microbial inhabitants can best be compared to____
The earth's environment and their interacting inhabitants
Consider the human microbiome project begun in 2007. The term "microbiome" has which two overlapping meanings?
The total genetic content of a microbial community The microbial community itself
When an extensive amount of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become a scientific
Theory
Cervical cancer caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ____
Vaccine
Unlike the term microorganisms, the word microbe also includes,______
Viruses
Which of the following is/are true regarding viruses?
Viruses are nonliving Viruses are acellular Viruses are smaller than most bacteria
Which of the following about microorganisms is true?
We could not survive without them
Which of the following is a single- called fungus?
Yeast
Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?
Yogurt cheese beer
Unlike other organisms, _____ have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.
bacteria
For the name streptococcus pyogenes, the first part indicates the ___ and gives information about the shape of the organism.
genus
Proton
positively charged particle
Members of which domains can be infected by viruses?
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
The domains ______ and _______ are made up of prokaryotes.
Bacteria Archaea
Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oils, which all have the potential to be used as____
Biofuels
______ is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.
Bioremediation
___ is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles
Eukarya
A microbial metabolic process used in the manufacture of food and beverages such as yogurt, cheese, pickled veggies, bread, wine, and beer is known as___
Fermantation
The disproving of spontaneous generation led to an era referred to as the_____
Golden age of Microbiology
Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms Microorganisms multiply quickly Microorganisms are cheaper to study
Like plants, some microorganisms _______
Produce oxygen(O2) Are photosynthetic
Which of the following is/are the correct way(s) to write an organisms binomial name?
S. aureus Staphylococcus aureus Italicize capital first name lowercase second name
Which of the following are characteristics of Protozoa?
Single-celled eukaryotes Microscopic
Algae are_______
Single-felled, photosynthetic eukaryotes multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes
The species name of Escherichia coli and Escherichia vulneris reflect the ____
Site where the organisms may be found
What is the only shared feature of all microbes?
Small Size
The term staphylococci is an informal name for species of the genus ______
Staphylococcus
Electron
negatively charged particle
Neutron
uncharged particle
A __________ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.
Pathogen
All of the following are commonly found in algae except.. chloroplasts a nucleus peptidoglycan a cell wall flagella
Peptidoglycan
If you discover a single- celled organism that is 50 micrometers wide and has a nucleus and organelles, it belongs to which domain?
Eukarya
Because less than 1% of microorganisms can currently be grown in the laboratory, most of what we know about the other 99%comes from_____
DNA Sequencing
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by___
Destroying millions or pig, sheep, and cattle
Rank the steps in the scientific process in order
!. Make an observation about something and ask a question about the situation 2. Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation. 3. Collect data from this experiment and draw a conclusion. 4. Communicate the methods, results, and conclusions.
In algae, photosynthesis takes place in____, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.
Chloroplasts
Applying the base-pairing rules to both strands of a DNA molecule, one can conclude that one strand is____ to the other
Complementary
A scientific experiment includes a component that rules out alternative explanations showing that the only feature that varied in the experiment was the characteristic being tested. The component that does this is called _____.
Control
Some scientist were skeptical of Pasteur's results because they____
Could not reproduce his results
An infectious diseases that has become more common in the last 35 years is referred to as an _______ infectious disease (EID)
Emerging
Which diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?
Emerging
John Tyndall's experiments in the 1800s showed that live microorganisms remained in some broths even after they had been boiled for 5 hours. This observation can be explained by the presence of a heat resistant form of bacteria called an _______
Endospore
John Needham's experiments showed that microorganisms grew in briths the had been boiled and sealed with a cork. Later experiments showed that either the cork did not properly keep out microbes, or the growth was due to_____
Endospores that survived the boiling temperatures
The term___ refers to a multicellular parasite such as a roundworm or tapeworm.
Helminth
Organic compounds are those that contain at least _____ and ______.
Hydrogen and carbon
Which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars 1 and 2 combined?
Influenza
Scientist share their work by publishing it in scientific journals. Respected scientific journals have other experts in the field review the work and provide suggestions for improvements before it is published. This process of publishing in peer-reviewed journals is especially important because_____. This publication is especially important because_______.
It allows other scientist to repeat the experiment to ensure the validity of the findings. It helps ensure that published results are valid and founded in science.
Which of the following describes a viroid?
It can infect plants It consists of RNA
Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms
In research, bacteria often serve as _____, meaning that they are studied as a means to better understand processes fundamental to higher life forms
Model organisms
A_____ is the basic building block for carbs, and it generally occurs as a ring-shaped structure.
Monosaccharide
A disaccharide is composed of two_____ joined together by a covalent bond.
Monosaccharides
Which of the following characteristics describe Protozoa?
Most are motile Can he found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Eukaryotic organisms can be______
Multi-celled Single-celled
Which of the following is/are true regarding viruses?
Outside of host cells, viruses are inactive Viruses can only multiply within host cells
Infectious disease can re-emerge as a result of ______
Parents refusing to vaccinate their children Pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications
True or false: Eukaryotic microbes are generally larger than prokaryotic microbes.
True
True or false: although the best studied archaea inhabit extreme environments, many others are widely distributed in soils, oceans, marshes and even the intestinal reacts of animals
True
True or false: studies indicate early exposure to cartoon common microorganisms may actually protect humans from asthma and various allergies.
True
True or false: travelers and immigrants can contribute to disease emergence
True
Which describes a viroid?
It consists of a single short price of RNA
Which of the following are produced metabolically by microorganisms
Ethanol as a biofuel Antibiotics Cellulose used in stereo headsets
The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the____ theory of disease
Germ
As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by____
Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment