Midterm

According to the text, available empirical evidence suggests that users of which drug commit crimes more frequently than other population groups?

Alcohol

The area known as the mezzogiorno is claimed by which powerful Italian organized crime group?

Camorra

Which drug remains the most widely used illicit substance in the world?

Cannabis

__________ refers to the relationship between the change in the use of an item and the price of that item.

Demand elasticity

The drug Molly is a form of what other type of abused drug?

Ecstasy

Which of the following would be considered a "designer" synthetic drug?

Ecstasy

Chemicals produced by the body, such as in the brain, which can change moods and actions and even resemble some recreational drugs are referred to as?

Endogenous

A type of police corruption called "rolling" refers to the drugs in exchange for officer's using discretion in arresting pimps, johns, and dealers. T or F

FALSE

According to the text, legitimate businesses are more concerned with hiding their profits than illegitimate businesses. T or F

FALSE

According to the text, the first anti-drug law in the United States began in New York City in 1865, banning the use of morphine in social and religious settings. T or F

FALSE

Most of the ecstasy in the U.S. market is produced in Canada. T or F

FALSE

A powerful tool to combat money laundering is the Racketeering and Corrupt Organizations Act, which empowers the U.S. government to compel other countries to maintain certain records. T or F

False

According to the text, percodan pills can sell for up to $80 each on the streets. T or F

False

Areas in which organized crime is not involved include the diversion of precursor chemicals and the manufacture and distribution of stimulant drugs. T or F

False

Due to recent changes in prenatal care, the rate of pregnant women who abuse cocaine has decreased exposure to the HIV virus to under 15% of all drug-addicted mothers. T or F

False

Prescription drug misuse has become less of a public health concern in recent years because most of these drugs showed a substantial decrease in use over the last 7 years due to high costs and stricter laws. T or F

False

The first known prison gang, the Sing Sing Seven, got its start and currently rose in numbers, after fighting for better conditions in New York State's Sing Sing Prison. T or F

False

The nineteenth-century author Oliver Wendell Holmes was the first high-profile American citizen to bring attention to the abuse of drugs by poets, artists, and actors in his novel On Thin Ice, published in 1889. T or F

False

The brand name "Red Lion" is associated with which drug?

Heroin

According to the text, which of the following factors is partly responsible for the Spanish defeat of the Incan Empire in the sixteenth century?

Incan warriors' addiction to chewing coca leaves

In 1938, Albert Hoffman and W.A. Stoll, both chemists, discovered _________ when experimenting with a parasitic fungus that grows on rye.

LSD

While cocaine remains the most widely used drug in South America, which drug is considered most problematic globally?

Opoids

The beginning of the end of the Medellin Cartel was trigged by the death of which famous drug lord.

Pablo Escobar

The majority of methamphetamine available in the United States is produced by which of the following?

Mexican Traffickers

Two primary sources for marijuana produced abroad and found in the U.S. are

Mexico and Canada

A Spanish word meaning "without seeds," __________ is a cannabis plant that represents the most potent type of marijuana on the illicit market and the type that will bring the highest profit return for the trafficker.

Sinsemilla

Native American's had a long tradition of smoking pipes. It was Sir Walter Raleigh, who met these natives, who first introduced it to England. T or F

TRUE

In 1998, what did the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) rank as the fourth leading cause of death?

adverse drug reactions

For the last several decades, alcohol drinking by the perpetrator, the victim, or both has immediately preceded at least three-quarters of all violent crime. T or F

false

Studies show that most police personnel have the financial wherewithal to adopt a middle-class lifestyle without having to participate in corrupt practices on the job. T or F

false

The Zeta cartel is sometimes described as quasi-religious because its current leaders, Moreno González and Méndez Vargas, refer to their assassinations and beheadings as "divine justice." T or F

false

A Mafia figure is arrested but refuses to reveal information about his organized crime group to the police. Which Mafia tradition is the arrestee practicing?

omerta

When rookie officers are advised to forget all they have learned in the academy and conduct themselves by "the rules of the street," what process is taking place?

police socialization

Which group uses the most prescription drugs?

senior citizen

Nigerian traffickers employ the smuggling technique of placing many couriers on the same flight to the United States. This technique is called:

shotgunning

As of 2000, the number of drug abusers has _____________ since the 1970s

stayed the same

What event in the 1860s was responsible for triggering a morphine epidemic in the United States?

the civil war

The 1919 Supreme Court decision Webb v. United States settled which national issue?

the controversy over the medical use of drugs to treat opium addiction *

A massive operation involving heroin smuggling and money laundering by Sicilian Mafia members operating in the United States and headed by Sicilian crime boss Gaetano Badalamente was called the:

the pizza connection

What are a motorcycle club's "colors"?

their "uniform"

Which of the following have traditionally worked closely with ethnic Chinese groups in major cities on the Pacific Rim of the United States?

triads

The Juárez cartel has a reputation for being a brutal and dangerous drug-trafficking organization. T or F

true

The La Familia cartel emphasizes religion and family values during recruitment and has placed banners in areas of operations, claiming that it does not tolerate substance abuse or exploitation of women and children. T or F

true

Drugs are sometimes used both legally and illegally to create a shift in personalities, attitudes, and moods. T or F

True

In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has been criticized for its aggressive marketing methods. T or F

True

Thalidomide first was introduced in Germany and resulted in adverse side effects. T or F

True

Until the mid-1980s, traditional narcotics enforcement in the United States concentrated resources on wholesale drug activity. T or F

True

White powdered heroin manufactured in the Middle East yields an average purity of 85 percent to 99 percent, which allows a much greater profit margin for traffickers. T or F

True

Which of the following nations consumes the most cocaine worldwide?

United States

Nancy Reagan, former first lady of the United States, is most known for her ___________ campaign in reference to drugs.

"just say no"

In what year did a national accrediting board issue standards requiring doctors in hospitals and other facilities to treat pain as they treat blood pressure or heart rate?

2001

According to a recent Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS), approximately what percentage of people entering residential treatment programs report committing one or more crimes for economic gain during the year before treatment?

60 percent

According to the text, which of the following best answers why doctors and pharmacists prescribe drugs to those they know do not need the narcotic?

All of the above

According to the text, why are police "search-and-destroy" marijuana operations often expensive and unproductive?

Many growing operations are now automated, so the growers are not present during a police raid.

Which of the following is a synthetic form of marijuana discussed in the text?

SPICE

According to the text, young people feel the greatest pressure to use drugs primarily from their peers. T or F

True

Bernie Cawley, a participant in the corruption discovered with the 75th precinct in New York, stated it was nothing to kick johns out of bed and force prostitutes to have sex with him. T or F

True

According to Lawrence Sherman, which of the following is not a common rationalization for police officers?

The public wants the laws to be enforced

Chiseling is referred to as the demand for price discounts or free admission to places of entertainment, regardless of any connection with official police work. T or F

True