Midterm Questions

An applet has a ____ file extension.

.cpl

MP3 sound files have a(n) ____ file extension.

.mp3

For RIMM modules, install the RIMMs beginning with bank ____.

0

Computers store data digitally and ultimately as a stream of only two numbers: ____.

0 and 1

When burning a CD, DVD or BD, the hard drive needs some temporary holding space for the write process and should have at least ____ of free space.

1 GB

Has two notches on the module

168-pin SDRAM DIMM

A double-sided, dual-layer DVD can hold ____ GB.

17

Currently the fastest memory and can support triple or dual channels or be installed as a single DIMM

240-pin DDR3 DIMM

Must be installed four modules to a bank of memory

30-pin SIMM

The temperature inside the case should not exceed ____ degrees C.

38

A single-sided, single-layer DVD can hold ____ GB.

4.7

Really really old hard drives use a(n) ____-conductor IDE ribbon cable.

40

The peltier's bottom surface can be as cool as ____ degrees F.

45

The peltier's top surface can be as hot as ____ degrees F.

500

If you are trained to open a monitor case to replace a fuse, unplug the monitor and wait at least ____ minutes before opening the case so that capacitors have completely discharged.

60

Most CRT monitors today are designed to discharge after sitting unplugged for ____ minutes.

60

Use a ____-bit OS if you need increased performance and your system has enough resources to support it.

64

A CD can hold about ____ of data.

700 MB

Must be installed two modules to a bank of memory

72-pin SIMM

The ____-conductor IDE cable has half the number of pins as it has wires.

80

For an always-up broadband connection (such as cable modem or DSL), select ____ when you configure updates.

Automatic

Speeds up access time by allowing blocks of data to be read from the drive at one time

Block mode

Windows offers two ways to sync files: ____.

Briefcase and Offline Files

Dispose of ____ by returning them to the original dealer or by taking them to a recycling center.

Button batteries used in digital cameras

Using the ____ technology, the Intel processor, chipset, and wireless network adapter are all interconnected as a unit, which improves laptop performance.

Centrino

The most significant certifying organization for PC technicians is the ____.

Computing Technology Industry Association

____ hold counters, data, instructions, and addresses that the ALU is currently processing.

Registers

____ is a system BIOS feature that monitors hard drive performance, disk spin up time, temperature, distance between the head and the disk, and other mechanical activities of the drive in order to predict when the drive is likely to fail.

S.M.A.R.T.

____ is a standard for communication between a subsystem of peripheral devices and the system bus.

SCSI

Laptops use a smaller version of a DIMM called a(n) ____.

SO-DIMM

Used on laptops

SO-DIMM

Holds its data as long as the RAM has power

SRAM

____ is used for a memory cache and is contained within the processor housing.

SRAM

To protect the data on a USB storage device while removing it, double-click the ____ icon in the notification area before removing the device.

Safely Remove Hardware

____ loses its data rapidly, and the memory controller must refresh it several thousand times a second.

Dynamic RAM

____ customers are your customers who come to you or your company for service.

External

____ drives are a great method of keeping backups of data stored on your hard drive.

External hard

A table on a hard drive or floppy disk that tracks how space on a disk is used to store files

FAT

When you hear ____ during post, you know that you have a problem with serial or parallel ports or system timer, which probably means the motherboard must be replaced.

FOUR BEEPS FOLLOWED BY 2, 3, OR 4 BEEPS

A serial port transmits data in parallel and is most often used by an older printer.

False

An I/O device can be only be internal.

False

Because USB devices are hot-swappable, it's never a problem to plug or unplug a device while it is turned on.

False

Choose the solution that fixes the problem by making as many changes to the system as possible.

False

Current versions of Windows use DOS as the operating system.

False

Electronic devices are more likely to fail than fans.

False

If you hear two beeps during the boot and you see a blank screen, then BIOS has successfully completed POST.

False

Many brand-name computer manufacturers, such as IBM, Dell, and Gateway, use the same standard setup screens.

False

MicroATX increases the total cost of a system by increases the number of expansion slots on the motherboard.

False

Microsoft offers 64-bit versions for all Vista retail editions.

False

Most PC support jobs require simply working with hardware and software.

False

Most of the cleaning solutions used for computers do not contain flammable or poisonous materials.

False

Newer computers do not allow you to boot without a keyboard.

False

PCIe is backward compatible with PCI.

False

The kernel provides a way for the user to do such things as select music to burn to a CD, install an application, or change the wallpaper on the Windows desktop.

False

The power supply and monitor contain enough power to give you a strong shock except when they are unplugged.

False

The retail version costs less than the OEM version, but can only be installed on a new PC for resale.

False

The support technician decides when the work is done.

False

To judge how far to insert the optical drive in the bay, align it with the back of the case.

False

When data and instructions are not being used, they must be kept in permanent storage, sometimes called primary storage.

False

When working with a customer, your primary job is to satisfy your boss.

False

The ____ was designed in part to protect software copyrights by requiring that only legally obtained copies of software be used.

Federal Copyright Act of 1976

The overall structure an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a drive

File system

____ on a circuit board inside the drive housing is responsible for writing and reading data to these tracks and sectors and for keeping track of where everything is stored on the drive.

Firmware

In Windows, memory errors can cause frequent ____ errors.

General Protection Fault

Uses both solid state and magnetic technologies

Hybrid hard drive

Intel's ____ allows each logical processor within the processor package to handle an individual thread in parallel with other threads being handled by other processors within the package.

Hyper-Threading

A serial port is provided by the motherboard or might be provided by an adapter card called a(n) ____ card.

I/O controller

FireWire and i.Link are common names for another peripheral bus officially named ____.

IEEE 1394

____ supports speeds up to 400 Mbps and is sometimes called FireWire 400.

IEEE 1394a

BIOS manages ____ lines that are used by a device to hail the CPU asking for data to be processed.

IRQ

When Windows does not have adequate memory to perform an operation, it gives a(n) "____" error or it slows down to a painful crawl.

Insufficient memory

____ CRT monitors draw a screen by making two passes.

Interlaced

____ customers are those where you both work for the same company, in which case you might consider the customer your colleague

Internal

____ connections inside the computer case can cause a system to appear dead or reboot itself.

Loose

____ is a common compression standard for storing photos.

JPEG

The ____ assignments refer to the system resources a parallel port will use to manage a print job.

LPT

____ are smooth and level areas on an optical disc.

Lands

Return ____ to the manufacturer or dealer to be recycled.

Laser printer toner cartridges

Memory on the processor die is called ____ cache.

Level 1

Memory in the processor package, but not on the processor die, is called ____ cache.

Level 2

____ is a set of standards that are used to represent music in digital form.

MIDI

After the sound is recorded and digitized, many sound cards convert and compress the digitized sound to ____ format.

MP3

A ____ explains how to properly handle substances such as chemical solvents.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The ____ form factor is a major variation of ATX and addresses some technologies that have emerged since the original development of ATX.

MicroATX

Used on subnotebook computers

MicroDIMMs

Designed to provide greater security and to support more storage capacity than the older file system

NTFS

The fast end of hub in the Intel i800 series chipsets, which contains the graphics and memory controller, connects to the system bus and is called the hub's ____.

North Bridge

When you configure updates, if the PC doesn't have an always-up Internet connection (such as dial-up), you might want to select ____.

Notify me but don't automatically download or install them

The ____ is a measure of resistance to electricity.

Ohm

____ is running a processor, motherboard, or video card at a higher frequency than the manufacturer recommends and is not considered a best practice.

Overclocking

The first ATX power supplies and motherboards used a single power connector called the ____ connector that had 20 pins.

P1

A ____ is responsible for the PC before trouble occurs.

PC support technician

____ buses have been improved several times; there are currently three major categories and within each category, several variations of the bus.

PCI

____ mode involves the CPU and is slower than DMA mode.

PIO

The CMOS battery failure can be reported by startup BIOS during the ____.

POST

____ is required if the customer must be told each key to press or command button to click.

Patience

____ support requires more interaction with customers than any other type of PC support.

Phone

____ are recessed areas on the surface of an optical disc.

Pits

On the motherboard, the ____ controls power to the motherboard and must be connected for the PC to power up.

Power SW

A technology that configures two or more hard drives to work together as an array of drives is called ____.

RAID

Primary storage is provided by devices called memory or ____ located on the motherboard and on some adapter cards.

RAM

A Rambus memory module is called a(n) ____.

RIMM

____ memory temporarily holds data and instructions as the CPU processes them.

Random access

Have been used, returned to the factory, marked again, and then resold

Re-marked chips

Windows Vista technology that supports a hybrid drive is called ____.

ReadyDrive

A good source for information about hardware devices (and software) is a site that offers product reviews and technical specifications and compares product prices and features.

True

A help-desk call is the most difficult situation to handle when a customer is not knowledgeable about how to use a computer.

True

A motherboard can have more than one bus, each using a different protocol, speed, data path size, and so on.

True

Although modern hard drives are tougher than earlier models, it's still possible to crash a drive by banging into it while it's reading or writing data.

True

An operating system manages hardware, runs applications, provides an interface for users, and stores, retrieves, and manipulates files.

True

An overheated system can cause intermittent problems or cause the system to reboot or refuse to boot.

True

As a PC support technician, you can expect to be faced with installing Windows in a variety of situations.

True

Common file extensions for raw, uncompressed sound/graphics files are .wav and .tif.

True

Copyleft is the opposite of a copyright in that you are able to share and share alike.

True

Excessive heat can damage the CPU and the motherboard.

True

Generally when shopping for a motherboard for a gaming system, you'd need to pay attention to form factor, processor sockets, chipsets, buses and number of bus slots, and other connectors, slots, and ports.

True

Knowing how to effectively work with people in a technical world is one of the most sought-after skills in today's service-oriented work environments.

True

Many hardware manufacturers have chosen to not produce Vista drivers for their older devices, so it's very important to find out if your hardware will be compatible with Vista.

True

Microsoft no longer supports Windows 2000, so you should never be called on to install it on a new PC.

True

Most cases have one or more positions on the case to hold a case fan to help draw air out of the case.

True

Parallel ATA, sometimes called the EIDE (Enhanced IDE) standard or the IDE standard, is slower than SATA.

True

Sights and sounds have an infinite number of variations and are analog in nature.

True

Some very basic instructions are stored on the motherboard—just enough to start the computer, use some simple hardware devices such as a monitor and keyboard, and search for an operating system stored on a storage device such as a hard drive or CD.

True

SuperSpeed USB is about ten times faster than Hi-Speed USB and roughly five times faster than FireWire 800.

True

System Information can be useful when strange error messages appear during startup.

True

The Windows desktop is itself a folder.

True

The best support technicians are good at preventing a problem from happening in the first place.

True

The electrical requirements for motherboards change over time as new technologies make additional demands for power.

True

USB is much easier to configure and faster than regular serial or parallel ports and uses higher-quality cabling.

True

The ____ dialog box in Windows Vista appears each time a user attempts to perform an action that can be done only with administrative privileges.

User Account Control

Upgrading to a better edition of Vista can easily be accomplished by using the ____ feature.

Windows Anytime Upgrade

Problems with a device can sometimes be solved by updating the ____ or firmware.

device drivers

A(n) ____ server is used to hold the setup files on a Windows CD or DVD on the network and then at each PC, you can execute the Setup program on the server.

distribution

The rule ____ is the most powerful.

divide and conquer

If you have an available eSATA external port, you can use a protective hard drive ____ that will house and protect a hard drive outside the computer case.

dock

Good ____ helps you take what you learned into the next troubleshooting situation, train others, develop effective preventive maintenance plans, and satisfy any audits or customer or employer queries about your work.

documentation

A ____ is a copy of the entire volume on which Windows is installed to another bootable media such as CDs or USB drive.

drive image

A ____ boot allows you to install the new OS without disturbing the old one so you can boot to either OS.

dual

A ____ makes it possible to boot a computer into one of two installed OSs.

dual boot

As a support technician, your goals can include ____ the user, as well as repairing the computer.

educating

If a disc gets stuck in the drive, use the ____ to remove it.

emergency eject hole

Knowing how to ____ a problem to those higher in the support chain is one of the first things you should learn on a new job.

escalate

The ____ interface between the subsystems in user mode and the HAL.

executive services

The best way to give bad news is ____.

face to face

A ____ is one or more characters following the last period in a filename, such as .exe, .txt, or .avi.

file extension

Windows identifies file types primarily by the ____.

file extension

USB ____ drives are compact, easy to use, and currently hold up to 64 GB of data.

flash

The process of upgrading or refreshing the ROM BIOS chip is called ____ BIOS.

flashing

For laptops, you can adjust the brightness of the display using ____ keys.

function

A ____ interface is an interface that uses graphics as compared to a command-driven interface.

graphical user

The motherboard, like all other components inside the computer case, should be ____ the chassis.

grounded to

When you arrive at the customer's site, greet them with a ____.

handshake, smile

A(n) ____ boot involves turning on the power with the on/off switch.

hard

Most ____ drives consist of a sealed case containing platters or disks that rotate at a high speed.

hard

The printer produces output on paper, often called ____ copy.

hard

In the world of computers, the term ____ refers to the computer's physical components, such as the monitor, keyboard, motherboard, and hard drive.

hardware

Each side, or surface, of one hard drive platter is called a ____.

head

To improve your attitude, you must do it from your ____.

heart

Higher-quality memory modules have ____ installed to reduce heat and help the module last longer.

heat sinks

Processor core frequency is measured in ____.

hertz

For some brand-name computers, the hard drive contains a ____ partition that can be used to reinstall Windows.

hidden recovery

During the ____ formatting process, you specify the size of the partition and what file system it will use.

high-level

When you're working with or talking to a customer, focus on ____.

him or her

A drive ____ is a duplication of everything written to a hard drive.

image

A(n) ____ is a list of items that is used to speed up a search.

index

To perform a computing task, software uses hardware for four basic functions: ____.

input, processing, storage, and output

User manuals and ____ for a device or software often list symptoms of problems with possible solutions and troubleshooting tips.

installation manuals

Troubleshooting begins by ____.

interviewing the user

IEEE 1394 uses ____ data transfer, meaning that data is transferred continuously without breaks.

isochronous

One ____ is the work or energy required to produce one watt of power in one second.

joule

If a power-on password has been forgotten, you can use the BIOS ____ to reset the password.

jumper group

The OS ____ is responsible for interacting with hardware.

kernel

Some video cards use a(n) ____ that helps to hold the card securely in the slot.

latch

As you solve computer problems, always keep in mind that you don't want to make things worse, so you should use the ____ invasive solution.

least

When someone purchases software from a software vendor, that person has only purchased a ____ for the software, which is the right to use it.

license

A(n) ____ might solve the problem of intermittent errors caused by noise in the power line to the PC.

line conditioner

In order to read each sector on the spiral of a CD at a constant ____, the disc spins faster when the read-write head is near the center of the disc.

linear velocity

The most popular method of cooling overclocked processors is a(n) ____.

liquid cooling system

The ____ command is used to copy the information to the new computer.

loadstate

A ____ plug is a tool used to test a serial, parallel, USB, network, or other port.

loop-back

A ____ provides slots for memory cards and can be an internal or external device.

media reader

A ____ is the most complicated component in a computer.

motherboard

To use System Information, in the Vista Start Search box or the Windows XP Run box, type ____ and press Enter.

msinfo32

The goal of ____ technology is to use sights, sounds, and animation to make computer output look as much like real life as possible.

multimedia

A(n) ____ is a general-purpose tool that can measure several characteristics of electricity in a variety of devices.

multimeter

Installing more than one processor on a motherboard creates a ____.

multiprocessor platform

SIMMs are rated by speed, measured in ____.

nanoseconds

A(n) ____ is a low-end inexpensive laptop with a small 9- or 10-inch screen and no optical drive.

netbook

The ____ card provides a port for a network cable to connect the PC to a network.

network

A(n) ____ monitor (also called a progressive monitor) draws the entire screen in one pass.

noninterlaced

Good ____ help(s) you think more clearly.

notes

A(n) ____ is software that controls a computer.

operating system

A(n) ____ drive is considered standard equipment on most computer systems today because most software is distributed on CDs or DVDs.

optical

If the number of bits is not an odd number for odd parity or an even number for even parity, a ____ error occurs.

parity

A ____ is a heat sink carrying an electrical charge that causes it to act as an electrical thermal transfer device.

peltier

A device that is not installed directly on the motherboard is called a(n) ____ device.

peripheral

Earlier Pentiums used a ____ socket, with pins aligned in uniform rows around the socket.

pin grid array

To provide good service, you need to have a good ____ when servicing customers on the phone or online, on site, or in a shop.

plan

Most input/output devices communicate with components inside the computer case through a wireless connection or through cables attached to the case at a connection called a(n) ____.

port

The ____ menu in BIOS setup allows you to configure automatic power-saving features for your system, such as suspend mode or a sleep state.

power

The most important component of the computer's electrical system is the ____, which is usually near the rear of the case.

power supply

One of the most important ways to achieve customer satisfaction is to do your best by being ____.

prepared

For EIDE, there are four choices for drive installations: ____.

primary master, primary slave, secondary master, and secondary slave

The ____ and the chipset determine which processors a board can support.

processor socket

From the ____ window, you can change the read-only, hidden, archive, and indexing attributes of the file.

properties

If the chip's surface is dull or matted, or you can scratch off the markings with a fingernail or knife, suspect that the chip has been ____.

re-marked

The top and bottom of each disk of a magnetic hard drive have a(n) ____ that moves across the disk surface as all the disks rotate on a spindle.

read/write head

When installing an optical drive, for a PATA interface set the jumper on the ____ of the drive.

rear

A ____ color or stripe down one side of a cable marks this side of the cable as pin 1.

red

To find out what to do if you are accidentally exposed to a dangerous solution, look on the instructions printed on the can or check out the material ____ sheet.

safety data

The ____ command is used to copy the information from the old computer to a server or removable media.

scanstate

The total number of ____ on the drive determines the drive capacity.

sectors

A(n) ____ is a program that runs in the background to support or serve Windows or an application.

service

A(n) ____ is the portion of an OS that relates to the user and to applications.

shell

The cooler sits on top of the processor and consists of a fan and a heat ____, which are fins that draw heat away from the processor.

sink

The term ____ refers to the set of instructions that directs the hardware to accomplish a task.

software

For an older motherboard, instead of screws you'll see ____ that keep the board from resting directly on the bottom of the computer case.

spacers

With ____, two hard drives are configured as a single volume.

spanning

Later sockets used a ____, with pins staggered over the socket to squeeze more pins into a small space.

staggered pin grid array

Some cases have ____, also called spacers, which are round plastic or metal pegs that separate the motherboard from the case, so that components on the back of the motherboard do not touch the case.

standoffs

Access to a computer can be controlled using a ____ password.

startup

A power ____ is a box inside a computer case that supplies power to the motherboard and other installed devices.

supply

The Windows utility ____ is used to remove configuration settings, such as the computer name that uniquely identifies the PC.

sysprep.exe

The ____ partition is the active partition of the hard drive.

system

The ____ or system timer is dedicated to timing the activities of the chips on the motherboard.

system clock

The ____ is usually on the right side of the taskbar and displays open services.

system tray

The ____ is normally located at the bottom of the Windows desktop, displaying information about open programs and providing quick access to others.

taskbar

Intel's current families of processors for the desktop include four major groups: ____.

the Core, the Pentium, the Celeron, and the Atom families

A ____ is a single task, such as the task of printing a file, that the process requests from the kernel.

thread

A system might have up to ____ types of ribbon cables.

three

When someone initiates a call for help, the technician starts the process by creating a(n) ____.

ticket

Organize your time by making ____ and sticking with them as best you can.

to-do lists

A ____ is an input device that uses a monitor or LCD panel as the backdrop for input options.

touch screen

A ____ case sits upright on the floor or a desk and can be as high as two feet and has room for several drives.

tower

The motherboard configuration stored in BIOS setup needs to be changed when a new floppy drive is installed.

true

Today's PCs have four or five buses, each with different speeds, access methods, and protocols.

true

When removing the motherboard, you'll find a main power line, and maybe one auxiliary power line from the power supply to the motherboard.

true

A(n) ____ installation is performed by storing the answers to installation questions in a text file or script that Windows calls an answer file.

unattended

The ____ provides backup power in the event that the AC fails completely.

uninterruptible power supply

A ____ bus port can be used by many different input/output devices, such as keyboards, printers, scanners, and digital cameras.

universal serial

The ____ card, also called a graphics card, provides one or more ports for a monitor.

video

A ____ computer is software that simulates the hardware of a physical computer.

virtual

A Windows ____ is a logical group of computers and users that share resources, where administration, resources, and security on a workstation are controlled by that workstation.

workgroup

If you want to recover lost data on a hard drive, don't ____ the drive.

write anything to

The ____ have a lever that is used to lift the processor up and out of the socket.

zero insertion force sockets

____ a problem increases your value in the eyes of your coworkers and boss.

Taking ownership of

____ has industry recognition, so it should be your first choice for certification as a PC technician.

A+ Certification

The ATA interface standards are developed by Technical Committee T13 and published by ____.

ANSI

An example of a network operating system is Windows Server 2008, which controls a network using the directory database called ____.

Active Directory

Moves the read/write heads across the disk surfaces in unison

Actuator

The current set of standards that is used by BIOS, hardware, and the OS to manage power is ____.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

Vista has a new 3D user interface called the ____ user interface.

Aero

Data and instructions are stored on special ROM (read-only memory) chips on the board and are called the ____.

BIOS

Ports on the motherboard can be disabled or enabled in ____ setup.

BIOS

Processors can sense their operating temperatures and report that information to ____.

BIOS

To keep boot sector viruses at bay, in ____ you can disable the ability to write to the boot sector of the hard drive.

BIOS setup

The ____ form factor was designed by Intel in 2003 for flexibility and can be used by everything from large tower systems to those ultrasmall-systems that sit under a monitor.

BTX

____, caused by lifting heavy objects, is one of the most common injuries that happen at work.

Back injury

A single hard drive that works independently of other hard drives

Basic disk

Most likely when you first install a hard drive or an operating system, you will want to have the BIOS attempt to first boot from a ____.

CD

Motherboard settings are stored in a small amount of RAM located on the firmware chip and are called ____.

CMOS RAM

The most reliable way to restore settings is to keep a written record of all the changes you make to ____.

CMOS RAM

The smallest unit of space on a disk for storing a file and is made up of one or more sectors

Cluster

____ are intended to legally protect the intellectual property rights of organizations or individuals to creative works, which include books, images, and software.

Copyrights

A(n) ____ gets its name because it has independent pins on opposite sides of the module.

DIMM

RAM on motherboards today is stored on ____.

DIMMs

____ transfers data directly from the drive to memory without involving the CPU.

DMA

Loses its data rapidly

DRAM

____ are small programs stored on the hard drive that tell the computer how to communicate with a specific hardware device such as a printer, network card, or modem.

Device Drivers

Devices and their device drivers are managed using ____.

Device Manager

Use ____ to find out which devices are installed in your XP system.

Device Manager

DIMMs intended to be used in servers must be extremely reliable and use an error-checking technology called ____.

ECC

With any installation, remember the importance of using a ground strap (ground bracelet) to ground yourself when working inside a computer case to protect components against ____.

ESD

____ systems and peripherals have the U.S. Green Star, indicating that they satisfy certain energy-conserving standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Energy Star

Motherboards that support PCI Express and have the 24-pin P1 connector are sometimes called ____ boards.

Enhanced ATX

Part of setting ____ is to establish a timeline with your customer for the completion of a project.

Expectations

____ from cigarettes can accumulate on fans, causing them to jam, which in turn will cause the system to overheat.

Tar

To prevent a CD, DVD, or BD from automatically playing when AutoPlay is enabled, hold down the ____ key when inserting a disc.

Shift

Has no moving parts

Solid state drive

The slower end of the hub in the Intel i800 chipsets, called the ____, contains the I/O controller hub.

South Bridge

To dispose of ____ do physical damage to the device then put in the trash.

Storage media such as hard drives, CDs, DVDs and BDs

A ____ card can turn your computer into a television.

TV tuner

Product ____ is a method used by Microsoft to prevent unlicensed use of its software so that you must purchase a Windows license for each installation of Windows.

activation

Proper ____ is essential to keeping a system cool.

air circulation

Throughput is sometimes called ____.

bandwidth

Everything in a computer is ____.

binary

A ____ device is an input device that inputs biological data about a person, which can be input data to identify a person's fingerprints, handprints, face, voice, eye, and handwritten signature.

biometric

A 1 or 0 in this system is called a ____.

bit

At the beginning of the boot drive (usually drive C) is the OS ____ record.

boot

The first sector on the disk, called the boot sector or ____ record, contains the information about how the disk is organized and the file system used.

boot

For Windows XP, Ntldr is responsible for loading the OS, and is, therefore, called the ____.

boot loader program

A ____ of the house current might cause symptoms of electrical power problems.

brownout

A ____ is an electronic device that can hold an electrical charge for a period of time and can smooth the uneven flow of electricity through a circuit.

capacitor

A video ____ card lets you capture this video input and save it to a file on your hard drive.

capture

Intel and AMD both recommend a ____ air guide as part of the case design.

chassis

Chips sometimes loosen because of temperature changes; this condition is called ____.

chip creep

The ____ is a group of microchips on the motherboard that control the flow of data and instructions to and from the processor.

chipset

A Windows domain is a type of ____ network, which is a network where resources are managed by a centralized computer.

client/server

To convert a FAT32 volume to an NTFS volume, first back up all important data on the drive and then use this command at a command prompt: ____, where D: is the drive to be converted.

convert D: /FS:NTFS

The right to copy the work, called a ____, belongs to the creator of the work or others to whom the creator transfers this right.

copyright