Mini Quiz #8

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?'" Critics of Rogers are most likely to object to this statement because A. it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness. B. it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints. C. it fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves are more likely to experience life satisfaction. D. Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.

D. Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with A. heritability. B. individualism. C. temperament. D. collectivism.

D. collectivism.

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as A. regression. B. projection. C. displacement. D. reaction formation.

D. reaction formation.

Jaydon does not realize that his alcohol abuse and family neglect is leading to the destruction of both his family and his career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon is showing signs of a A. strong ego. B. weak id. C. strong superego. D. weak ego.

D. weak ego.

This Neo-Freudian proposed the popular idea of the inferiority complex and believed that much of our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of inferiority. A. Adler B. Jung C. Horney D. Maslow

A. Adler

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. B. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. C. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. D. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Bruce has been smoking since he was 15-years-old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Bruce tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, you have to die of something." This best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as A. rationalization. B. projection. C. displacement. D. reaction formation

A. rationalization.

Hans views being organized and hardworking a positive trait, so when taking personality tests he often describes himself as more organized than he actually is in order to maintain a positive self image. What term best describes this tendency? A. social desirability bias B. test cheating C. honest responding D. measurement equivalence.

A. social desirability bias

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the trait perspective can you cite? A. The trait perspective emphasizes unconscious motivations too heavily. B. People's behavior varies from one situation to the next. C. The Big Five personality traits are not stable in adulthood. D. The Big Five traits cannot describe personality across different cultures.

B. People's behavior varies from one situation to the next.

In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the humanistic perspective can you cite? A. Its concepts are too precise and specific. B. The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values. C. It emphasizes collectivism too heavily. D. It emphasizes unconscious motivations too heavily.

B. The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has________. A. an external locus on control B. an internal locus of control C. good self-regulation D. poor self-regulation

B. an internal locus of control

Kayden had to take a Rorschach inkblot test for his new job. He is worried because he has heard that the Rorschach is not a very good test. Critics would agree and suggest that the Rorschach A. is an old test. B. is not very reliable and that it has limited validity. C. is not a projective test. D. is not a personality test.

B. is not very reliable and that it has limited validity.

Which of the following is an argument against Freud's theories? A. Development is seen as fixed in childhood, not lifelong. B. Freud's questioning technique utilized the scientific method and produced results that demonstrate repressed memories. C. Freud's theories offered after-the-fact explanations of any characteristic, but never made predictions. D. All of the above are arguments against Freud's theories.

C. Freud's theories offered after-the-fact explanations of any characteristic, but never made predictions.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? A. Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents. B. How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality. C. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. D. Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood.

C. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Psychologists have typically used ______ tests to measure unconscious influences on personality and ______ tests to measure observable personality traits. A. Behavioral, Self-report B. Objective, Subjective C. Projective, Objective D. Self-report, Projective

C. Projective, Objective

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of A. empirically derived tests. B. reciprocal determinism. C. a positive self-concept. D. an external locus of control.

C. a positive self-concept.

The ____ of Freud's interacting system employs defense mechanisms because the ____ punishes it with feelings of guilt, anxiety, and inferiority. A. id; superego B. ego; id C. ego; superego D. superego; ego

C. ego; superego

Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts A. have lower levels of dopamine. B. exhibit more activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition. C. exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition. D. Both A and B are correct answers.

C. exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition.

Vale is outgoing, sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures A. conscientiousness. B. agreeableness. C. extraversion. D. openness.

C. extraversion.

Lately, 5-year-old Liam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings towards his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Liam is experiencing A. fixation. B. the Electra complex. C. the Oedipus complex. D. defense mechanisms.

C. the Oedipus complex.

Although Alex is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n) A. inferiority complex. B. weak id. C. weak superego. D. oral fixation.

C. weak superego.