muscles of the torso

rhomboids

*minor and major* O: spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5 I: medial border of scapula A: adduction and downward rotation of the scapula, elevate scapula

pectoralis minor

O: anterior surface of ribs 3,4, and 5 I: corocoid process of scapula A: protraction of scapula, depress scapula

internal obliques

O: thoraco lumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest, and inguinal ligament I: lower 3 or 4 ribs and linea alba. A: flexion of the torso, laterally flex torso and ipsilateral rotation

rectus abdominus

most superficial later of abs. O:pubic syphysis and on pubic crest I: xyphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 A: flexion, helps with lateral flexion

posterior

muscles on this side, extend/hyperextend the torso

anterior

muscles on this side, flex the torso

Erector Spinae

1. Spinalis 2. Longissimus 3. Iliocostalis *When both sides are engages and contracting they will extend and hyperextend *if only one side is engaged then it will laterally flex and ipsilateral rotation

deep posterior back muscles

1.multifidus 2.rotatores 3.interspinalis 4.intertransversarius

splenius

2 sections (cervicis and capitus) *superior to the semispinalous MM *can contribute to headaches O: spinous processes C7-T3 and ligamentum nuchae I: transverse process of temporal bone, and the occipital bone A: extension/hyperextension, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation

sternocleimastoid

O: 2 heads- medial clavical and on the menubrium I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

actions of trapezius

actions: upper fibers: elevate, upward rotation, and adduction * also produce actions for neck- extend/hyperextend, laterally flex, and contralateral rotation of neck and head. middle fibers: adduct scapula, retract scapula lower fibersL upward rotation of scapula, and depress scapula

pyramidialis

anterior abdominal wall muscle O: pubis symphysis and pubic crest I: linea alba, inferior to the naval A: flexes lumbar region of spine and lifts up and stabalizes front rim of pelvis

Spinalis

closest to the spine. most medial and smallest of erector spinae.

Transverse Abdominus

deepest of the Ab muscles. O: thoraco lumbar fascia and on ribs 6-12, and the iliac crest and lateral third of the inguinal ligament I: linea albo (center of torso) and the anterior half of the iliac crest A: sinching waist, compress abdominal contents

scaleni

has 3 sections (anterior, middle, and posterior) O: transverse processes of C2-C7 I: anterior and middle: on the 1st rib posterior: on 2nd rib A: all 3: lateral flexion anterior: will flex and contralaterally rotate posterior: help neck extension/hyperextension and ipsilateral rotation

Semi spinalis

has 3 sections: 1. cervicis 2. capitis 3.thoracis O: transverse processes of thoracic vertebra and C7 I: spinous processes, C2-T3 and the occipital bone A: extend, hyperextend the neck, head and upper torso. Works with erector spinae muscles. Lateral flexion and contralateral rotation.

interspinalis

in between every spinous process going up the spine- goes from inferior to super. A: extension and hyperextension

intertransversarius

inbetween the transverse processes. goes from inferior to superior. A: lateral flexion.

longissimus

middle later or erector spinae. vertical up to the skull

iliocostalis

most lateral of erector spinae. goes to the top of the spine.

multifidus

on diagonal pathway from transverse process to spinous process. Goes from lumbar spine to C2. Contralateral rotator of spine

Quadratus Lumborum

posterior side of torso. very prone to spazms O: posterior iliac crest I: on the inferior border of the 12th rib, and on the transverse processes of L1-L4 A: stabalizes pelvis and lumbar spine. flexion, extension and hyperextension lateral flexion of lumbar spine, elevate hip = primary actions. stabalizes on one side.

levator scapulae

small muscle O: transverse process of C1-C4 I: superior angle of scapula and a little bit on the medial border A: elevates and downward rotation of the scapula. assists in adduction, extension and hyperextension, and lateral flexion of the spine

serratus anterior

stabalizes scapula O: corocoid process of scapula I: medial shaft of the humerous bone A: flexion ,adduction, horizontal flexion

trapezius

superficial, large muscle *has 3 portions of fibers called upper, middle, and lower. O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12 I:upper fibers: into lateral third of clavicle middle fibers: acromiun process lower fibers: spine of the scapula

rotatores

transverse to spinous processes. contralateral rotators of spine.