NDFS 4020 Advanced Nutrition Quiz 2: Digestion and Absorption
Which specialized cell of the gastric epithelium secretes a hormone?
G-cell
A common cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is the bacterium ____.
Helicobacter pylori
Which medication inhibits hydrogen release into the gastric juice, which reduces GI mucosal irritation?
Nexium
The total bile acid pool in the human body is 2.5 to 5 g. What percentage of bile is reabsorbed in the distal ileum?
90 percent
Which hormone stimulates gall bladder contraction?
cholecystokinin
Taking antihistamines might lead to a(n) ____.
decrease in stomach acid secretion
A deficiency in secretion of cholecystokinin might lead to which problem?
difficulty digesting fats
Leptin secretion stimulates the desire to eat.
false
Secretin stimulates HCl release.
false
The fundus of the stomach lies below the gastroesophageal sphincter.
false
Which cells, found both in the oxyntic glands and pyloric glands of the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
parietal cells
Which substance is not a component of saliva?
proteases
Which nutritional deficiency occurs frequently following RYGB?
protein
In general, in which portion of the gastrointestinal tract does most absorption occur?
small intestine
The most common bariatric procedure performed in the United States is ____.
RYGB
CCK stimulates pancreatic zymogen release.
True
Bile is most important for the digestion and absorption of ____.
fats
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the ____.
hepatocytes
The product(s) of pepsin's action is/are ____.
hydrolyzed proteins
What product produced by neck cells in the oxyntic gland of the stomach protects the epithelium from mechanical and chemical damage?
mucus
In which organ are enzymes produced that are responsible for digestion of 50 percent of carbohydrate and protein and 90 percent of fat?
pancreas
Which division of the nervous system decreases digestive tract motility and secretions?
sympathetic
CCK stimulates the release of bile.
true
Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion.
true
Short-chain fatty acids secreted by intestinal bacteria improve colonic and splanchnic blood flow.
true
The chief cells secrete ____.
zymogens
Which phrase best describes the function of the crypt of Lieberkühn?
cellular differentiation
Delayed gastric emptying is known as ____.
gastroparesis
Pepcid, a drug that is classified as an H2 receptor blocker, acts by ____.
inhibiting the binding of histamine to the parietal cells
Which structural component of the gastrointestinal tract lies within the muscularis externa and controls the contractions that cause motility?
myenteric plexus
Gastrin stimulates which cells?
parietal and chief cells
Which cells, found both in the oxyntic glands and pyloric glands of the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?
parietal cells
Dumping syndrome may be caused by ____.
partial removal of the stomach to treat obesity
Which hormone diminishes gastric acid secretion?
somatostatin
Which division of the nervous system decreases digestive tract motility and secretions?
sympathetic
The surface coat of microvilli is known as ____.
the glycocalyx