Nervous System
myelinated cells
Found in the CNS, and this is what forms the white matter.
conduction
Myelin enhances _________ conduction along nerve fibers.
nodes of Ranvier
Narrow gaps between the myelin sheaths are called?
nerve cells/ neurons
Nervous tissue consists of masses of?
microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes
Neuroglial cells in the CNS include ?
cell body, dendrites, axons
Neurons 3 parts.
somatic, autonomic
The PNS can be divided into two categories called?
cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
The brain is divided into four parts:
70%
The contains _____ of the sensory structures of the body.
neurons
The functional units of the nervous system are the?
myelin sheats
The peripheral nervous system contains Schwann cells that form?
XI Accessory
Which nerve conducts impulses from brain to certain shoulder and neck muscles and functions for shoulder mvmts, and turning mvmts of the head?
IV Trochlear
Which nerve conducts impulses from brain to external eye muscles and functions for eye movements?
VI Abducens
Which nerve conducts impulses from brain to external eye muscles and functions for eye mvmts?
III Oculomotor
Which nerve conducts impulses from brain to eye muscles and functions for eye movements?
XII Hypoglossal
Which nerve conducts impulses from brain to muscles of tongue and functions for tongue mvmts?
VIII Vestibulocochlear
Which nerve conducts impulses from ear to brain and function for hearing and sense of balance?
I Olfactory
Which nerve conducts impulses from nose to brain and is the sense of smell?
V Trigeminal
Which nerve conducts impulses from skin to mucous membrane of head and from teeth to brain, also from brain to chewing muscles and functions sensations of face, scalp and teeth; and the chewing mvmts?
VII Facial
Which nerve conducts impulses from taste buds of tongue to brain; from brain to face muscles and functions for sense of taste; contraction of muscles of facial expression?
II Optic
Which nerve conducts impulses from the eye to brain and is for vision?
IX Glossopharyngeal
Which nerve conducts impulses from throat and taste buds of tongue to brain; also from brain to throat muscles and salivary glands and functions for sensations of the throat, taste, swallowing mvmts, secretion of saliva?
X Vagus
Which nerve conducts impulses from throat, larynx, and organs in thoracic cavities to brain and functions for sensations of throat and larynx and of the thoracic and abd organs?
acetylcholine
plays a role in nerve impulse transmission
adrenal gland
secretes epinephrine
axon
send information away from the neuron
astrocytes
star shaped cells that provide structural support, function- repairing and anchor to sm bld vessels to neurons
synaptic cleft
synaptic gap or synaptic space; tiny gap between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron (almost never touch); location of the transfer of an impulse from one neuron to the next
thoracic
t1-t12
afferent
Sensory neurons are also known as ___________ neurons. (toward the brain)
CNS
Sensory neurons transfer to?
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"OOOTTATVGVAH" Way to remember CRANIAL NERVES.
coccyx
...
lumbar
...
sacral
...
dendrites
1/ + that branch out , receive electro chemical messages/impulses and then conduct that impulse to the main cell body
sympathetic and parasympathetic
ANS is divided into two systems called?
eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus
Accessory structures of the eye
effector
An organ in the body that produces an effect.
gray matter
Axons and neurons that do not have the myelin sheaths in the CNS are called the _________ ________.
myelinated cells
Axons with myelin sheaths are called ________ _____.
oligodendrocytes
CNS axons are myelinated by _______________, which do not regenerate.
regenerate/repair themselves
When peripheral nerves are damaged, their axons can?
interneurons
Relay stations between the sensory and motor neurons, connect with each other to form a network, and are sometimes called "connecting neurons"
dura, arachnoid, pia
Three layers of the meninges:
sensory, motor, interneuron
What are the three types of neurons?
motor
________ functions stimulate effectors to respond.
sensory
_________ functions employ receptors that detect internal and external changes.
ascending
____________ tracts carry sensory impulses to the brain
descending
_____________ tracts carry motor impulses to muscles and glands
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
csf
acts as a watery cushion
dopamine
affects motor function
norepinephrine
awaking from a deep sleep, regulating mood
cervical
c1-c8
motor neurons
carry from CNS to peripheral. (sends away from brain and spinal cord)
Neuroglial cells
cells that provide physical support, insulation and nutrients for neurons
CNS
composed of the brain and spinal cord
CNS
consists of the brain and spinal cord
PNS
consists of the nerves branching off the spinal cord
optic tracts
contain more than one million fibers that carry messages from eye to brain
cell body
contains nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm
temporal lobe
contains the auditory center for hearing and olfactory center for smell and comprehension
autonomic nervous system
controls muscles that we cannot control, all involuntary muscles such as the heart, bld vessels, and various glands
somatic nervous system
controls the skeletal muscle function (any type of mvmt that we can control)
blood brain barrier
filters harmful chemicals and bacteria from getting up to the brain
gyre
folds in the cerebrum
oligodendrocytes
form the myelin sheath in the CNS
schwann cells
form the myelin sheath in the PNS
astrocyte branches
forms a 2 layer structure called the blood brain barrier
sulki
grooves in the cerebrum
neurillema
has a very special role in the function of regenerating damaged axons
epinephrine
increases HR, bld contricts, B/P goes up, a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin)
cerebrum
largest portion of the brain, a lot of grooves and folds
meninges
layers that cover the brain
somatic nervous system
motor neurons that control the voluntary actions of the body
autonomic nervous system
motor neurons that regulate the bodys involuntary functions
blood
the blood barrier protects by keeping pathogens out of the brain
bone
the skull encloses the brain and protects it