NES Elementary 1

How large is the typical child's vocabulary at 36 months of age? 700 words. 350 words. 1500 words. 150 words.

700 words. The typical child has a vocabulary of around 700 words by the age of 36 months. This is a major increase from the 350 words typical of children at 30 months.

The students in your advanced social studies class are studying the great thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. You want to devise a class project which will help them understand how the world was changed by this movement. Which culminating project would be the most likely to accomplish this objective? Asking students to read biographies of the philosophers associated with this movement Breaking the class into groups and asking each to design a poster illustrating the major ideas of an individual philosopher A debate in which students argue the ideas of the various philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment A debate in which the students argue the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment with thinkers of the Reformation

A debate in which the students argue the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment with thinkers of the Reformation During the Enlightenment, the philosophical viewpoint moved from belief based on faith to belief based on reason. Thinkers such as Benedict de Spinoza, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau lead the world to a new, more secular, world view. A debate with thinkers of the Reformation, such as John Calvin and Martin Luther, would help the students understand how philosophies can change society.

Which of the following is a vital element for context? Phonics Phonological awareness Background knowledge Orthography

Background knowledge A reader's background knowledge interacts with context clues to help the reader read unfamiliar words. ELL and at-risk readers may have difficulty with new words because they lack background knowledge.

Teaching students about how special skills and training might be required for various occupations reflects content housed within which of the following social studies topic areas? Law education Career education Multicultural education and gender issues Moral education

Career education Teaching students about how special skills and training might be required for various occupations reflects content housed within the social studies topic area of career education. Career education in the lower grades focuses on the work world and teaches children about diverse occupations and career choices.

The ability to remember speech sounds briefly is known as which of the following? Phonemic memory. Phonological awareness. Regularization. Phonological memory.

Phonological memory The phonological memory is the ability to remember speech sounds. This is key in learning vocabulary.

The class is reading a selection about a group of children who planted a garden in their community. Which of the following questions is an interpretive question? -- What do the children plant in their garden? --Did the children plant more vegetables or flowers? --What did the children do first when they planted the garden? --Why did the children rake the soil before planting?

Why did the children rake the soil before planting? Factual questions are drawn directly from the text. Sequence questions list steps in order. Contrast questions ask students to compare or contrast. Supporting details should be included. These types of questions help with literal understanding. This question asks the readers to determine cause and effect. This is an interpretive question which is the second level of understanding. Both types aid with comprehension.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voices, Big Dreams survey allows children like Ibrahima to share their hopes and dreams and for ChildFund to improve its programs by listening to children to better address their needs, fears and hopes for the future. While most children believe that getting an education is the key to a brighter future, providing basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter was a concern for children from both developing and developed nations. Approximately 23 percent of all children surveyed acknowledged that affording these basic items would ameliorate the lives of children in their countries. Creating jobs is also a top concern for children living in developed countries. While unemployment rates are declining in the U.S., children still recognize that country leadership should create employment opportunities and address inequality. Of all developed countries, 17 percent answered that addressing poverty and creating jobs are important compared to 13 percent of children in developing countries. Health care remains a hot topic in the U.S., but only five percent of children living in developed countries felt that health care needed improvement if they were president. Surprisingly, only 9 percent of children living in developing countries felt that health care needed improvement in their respective countries. Despite the differences in priorities, children are hopeful about their futures and the change they can bring to the world, and that's good news. Which most closely states the thesis for this passage? --Children around the world want to be president. --While children around the world have different priorities, most are hopeful about their futures and the changes they can make in the world. --Children around the world want to build more schools. --Basic needs are paramount for children and many of these are not being met.

While children around the world have different priorities, most are hopeful about their futures and the changes they can make in the world. This statement encompasses the overall thesis for this piece. The other statements focus on supporting details. A thesis is the main idea or the reason the author wrote the piece.

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with minimal processing. 9It is included in recipes for shelf-stable beverages, dairy desserts, baked goods and many other foods enjoyed across the world. 10With 7 billion people in the world to feed, it is essential to have products that can travel distances safely and arrive to needful communities intact and nutritious. 11According to the Harvard School of Public Health, millions of people around the world suffer from protein malnutrition. 12When used in protein-enriched beverages, carrageenan aids in the extension and protection of the nutritional value of protein while improving the creaminess that is affected by processing. 13Carrageenan is used to stabilize liquid nutritional supplements for infants and young children, ensuring safe access to nutrition for children, particularly in regions with unreliable water quality where malnutrition is prevalent. Which of the following parts of the selection does not contribute to the main idea of the selection and could be removed? part 11 part 10 part 9 part 8

part 11 Part 11 contributes nothing to support the main idea of the selection which is that seaweed farming is sustainable farming and provides protein for nutritional needs. It can be removed without changing or disturbing the essence of the selection.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. The active child was bouncing, throwing and toss. toss to toss tossing tosses

tossing Parallelism is similarity, a close likeness. Since "bouncing" and "throwing" end in -ing, "toss" must as well.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. While government officials and policymakers work towards a more permanent solution to the healthcare and economic crises, these programs offer immediate help for those _________ are struggling with healthcare expenses due to the economic downturn. In the space in line 32, which would be correct? who whom whomever which

who Who and whoever are used as subjects. Whom and whomever are for objects.In this sentence, who is the subject for the linking verb, are. Before a verb, who or whoever would be correct.

1For people with diabetes, taking a multivitamin every day can mean much more than a little protection against the common cold. 2Research is finding that multivitamins can be the first line of defense against many different types of infections, including respiratory infections and influenza. 3"Once a person with diabetes gets an infection, it's much harder for them to get rid of it, and it can lead to dire consequences, even death," says Registered and Certified Dietitian-Nutritionist Debra Spector. 4"And since some diabetic patients don't normally respond well to treatment, prevention is key for them." 5Taking a special diabetes multivitamin, usually found in the diabetes section of a drugstore, not the vitamin section, allows you to be proactive with your health, and avoid nutrient deficiencies that can lead to problems. 6A year-long study among 130 patients, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that the incidence of infection was much lower among those who took a multivitamin versus those who did not. 7Infection occurred in only 17 per cent of diabetic patients who took a multivitamin versus the 93 per cent who took a placebo. 8The study also found that regular multivitamin usage reduced the rate of minor urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections in people with diabetes. In parts 6 to 8 of the selection, where does the error occur? "among" should be changed to "between" "per cent" should be changed to "percent" "lower" should be changed to "fewer" "reduced" should be changed to "condensed"

"per cent" should be changed to "percent" In the United States, the proper spelling is "percent." In Britain, the two-word version (per cent) is still used.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. While government officials and policymakers work towards a more permanent solution to the healthcare and economic crises, these programs offer immediate help for those _________ are struggling with healthcare expenses due to the economic downturn. Which is the subject of the sentence beginning in line 6 and ending in line 10? Kaiser Family Foundation Poll 47 percent Americans

47 percent According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. The subject is "47 percent." "Americans" clarifies. The sentence could read: 47 percent of citizens, 47 percent of retired people etc.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voices, Big Dreams survey allows children like Ibrahima to share their hopes and dreams and for ChildFund to improve its programs by listening to children to better address their needs, fears and hopes for the future. While most children believe that getting an education is the key to a brighter future, providing basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter was a concern for children from both developing and developed nations. Approximately 23 percent of all children surveyed acknowledged that affording these basic items would ameliorate the lives of children in their countries. Creating jobs is also a top concern for children living in developed countries. While unemployment rates are declining in the U.S., children still recognize that country leadership should create employment opportunities and address inequality. Of all developed countries, 17 percent answered that addressing poverty and creating jobs are important compared to 13 percent of children in developing countries. Health care remains a hot topic in the U.S., but only five percent of children living in developed countries felt that health care needed improvement if they were president. Surprisingly, only 9 percent of children living in developing countries felt that health care needed improvement in their respective countries. Despite the differences in priorities, children are hopeful about their futures and the change they can bring to the world, and that's good news. Which is written incorrectly in the passage? five percent 17 percent 9 percent 23 percent

9 percent The accepted convention for numbers is to spell out whole numbers from one to nine. Indefinite numbers (thousands, hundreds, dozens) should also be spelled out. 9 percent should have been written nine percent.

Which of the following is not true of fluency? **Students who struggle with fluency also struggle with comprehension. ** Slow decoding interferes with automaticity which impairs reading comprehension. ** A high number of words read correctly per minute has no correlation to word processing, vocabulary development, or meaningful comprehension. ** Students who have difficulty with fluency in the early grades continue to be slow readers into adolescence and adulthood.

A high number of words read correctly per minute indicates efficient word-level processing, vocabulary development, or meaningful comprehension. Low fluency rate indicates inefficient word recognition skills, poor vocabulary development, and poor comprehension. Fluency includes accuracy, rate, automaticity and prosody.

There are two major ways of interpreting test scores. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Criterion-Referenced assessment? A pre-established benchmark Grade equivalents Percentile rank Scale scores

A pre-establised benchmark

Which of the following is not consistent with research about how culture influences learning? -- A student's cultural identity will not affect his understanding of social issues. --A student's cultural identity can affect how he interprets and answers questions. --Cultural identity can affect learning style. --Some cultural practices create unique challenges for students.

A student's cultural identity will not affect his understanding of social issues. A student's cultural identity can influence his learning in school. Styles of teaching and learning may differ at home or in the home country. Different cultures expect different behaviors from children asking or answering questions. For example, some cultures would think it rude for a student to question a teacher. Others require students to avert their gaze when addressing adults. Some cultures encourage observation and trial and error. Other cultures expect different behaviors from different genders. These cultural practices create unique challenges for some students.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. Until it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Until it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles After it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Before it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Although it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles.

After it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. Although the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. Although the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. After the game there is an awards ceremony to retiring the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. However the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. After the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player.

After the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. The awards ceremony is after the game. The purpose is to give an award and retire a player's jersey. The subordinating conjunction "after" properly tells when the ceremony will take place.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelopes, and have all kinds of adventures, and may be get hanged or scalped, and have ever such a fine time, and write home and tell us all about it, and be a hero. And he would see the gold mines and the silver mines, and maybe go about of an afternoon when his work was done, and pick up two or three pailfuls of shining slugs, and nuggets of gold and silver on the hillside. And by and by he would become very rich, and return home by sea, and be able to talk as calmly about San Francisco and the ocean, and "the isthmus" as if it was nothing of any consequence to have seen those marvels face to face. What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe. And so, when he offered me, in cold blood, the sublime position of private secretary under him, it appeared to me that the heavens and the earth passed away, and the firmament was rolled together as a scroll! I had nothing more to desire. My contentment was complete. What word, from the following list, could best replace the word "seductive" in Line 18? Sensual Alluring Repulsive Magical

Alluring Although sensual might be a component of seductive, it does not mean the same, making sensual incorrect. Repulsive is a word that is the opposite of seductive and is incorrect. Magical is incorrect because it does not mean the same as seductive. Alluring and seductive are closest in meaning than the other words in the list.

Which of the following Articles of the U.S. Constitution addresses its ratification? Article Four. Article Five. Article Six. Article Seven.

Article Seven. Article Seven sets forth the requirements for ratification of the Constitution; specifically, it states that the Constitution will not take effect until at least nine states have ratified the Constitution in state conventions convened especially for that purpose, and that it will only apply to those States that ratify it.

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfish, as opposed to imported varieties, guarantees freshness. The theme of this selection can best be stated as which of the following? --Avoid bluefin tuna because it may be radioactive. --Buy only farm-raised fish. --Many marine species are endangered. --Be alert to the type of fish you buy or eat in order to be environmentally conscious.

Be alert to the type of fish you buy or eat in order to be environmentally conscious. This statement best describes the theme of the selection. The other choices are not as comprehensive; they address only a part of the selection rather than the theme.

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and prevention ______ it allows physicians to look directly at the entire colon and identify suspicious growths. It is the only test that can detect and remove pre-cancerous polyps from the colon during the same examination. In line 29, which would be most correct in the blank? Being that Because Since Irregardless of

Because

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and prevention ______ it allows physicians to look directly at the entire colon and identify suspicious growths. It is the only test that can detect and remove pre-cancerous polyps from the colon during the same examination. At which point in the selection would the following sentence be properly placed? Most colon cancers begin as polyps which, if not removed, can become cancerous. Before line 7 At the end of line 25 At the beginning of line 27 At the end of line 2

Before line 7

A reading recovery teacher is asking her students to focus in the words: space, blank, clock, frank. She points out that at the beginning of these words there are two letters that work together but keep their sounds. Which of the following concepts is she attempting to reinforce with these words? Digraphs Rimes Blends Diphthong

Blends Blends are two consonants which are joined but keep their sounds. Rimes are the letters from the vowel to the end of single syllable words. Digraphs are two letters that represent one speech sound. Diphthongs are vowel sounds produced when the tongue glides from the first vowel sound to the second vowel sound in the same syllable. This teacher is working on beginning blends.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voices, Big Dreams survey allows children like Ibrahima to share their hopes and dreams and for ChildFund to improve its programs by listening to children to better address their needs, fears and hopes for the future. While most children believe that getting an education is the key to a brighter future, providing basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter was a concern for children from both developing and developed nations. Approximately 23 percent of all children surveyed acknowledged that affording these basic items would ameliorate the lives of children in their countries. Creating jobs is also a top concern for children living in developed countries. While unemployment rates are declining in the U.S., children still recognize that country leadership should create employment opportunities and address inequality. Of all developed countries, 17 percent answered that addressing poverty and creating jobs are important compared to 13 percent of children in developing countries. Health care remains a hot topic in the U.S., but only five percent of children living in developed countries felt that health care needed improvement if they were president. Surprisingly, only 9 percent of children living in developing countries felt that health care needed improvement in their respective countries. Despite the differences in priorities, children are hopeful about their futures and the change they can bring to the world, and that's good news. The most likely audience for this selection is: Children Pollsters The unemployed Children's program developers

Children's program developers Since this piece lists the results of a survey to find out what children around the world want or need, the most likely audience would be those who develop programs for children. Focused essays are written with a specific audience in mind.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelopes, and have all kinds of adventures, and may be get hanged or scalped, and have ever such a fine time, and write home and tell us all about it, and be a hero. And he would see the gold mines and the silver mines, and maybe go about of an afternoon when his work was done, and pick up two or three pailfuls of shining slugs, and nuggets of gold and silver on the hillside. And by and by he would become very rich, and return home by sea, and be able to talk as calmly about San Francisco and the ocean, and "the isthmus" as if it was nothing of any consequence to have seen those marvels face to face. What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe. And so, when he offered me, in cold blood, the sublime position of private secretary under him, it appeared to me that the heavens and the earth passed away, and the firmament was rolled together as a scroll! I had nothing more to desire. My contentment was complete. The sentence, "What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe," describes which of the following emotions? Hatred Remorse Envy Joy

Choice C is correct because it represents the idea that he suffered because his brother had such success, which is envy. Choice A is incorrect because, while it could be involved in envy, it does not describe it. Choice B means to be sorry for something, which is not the case in this passage. Choice D is incorrect because it indicates that he was happy for his brother's success and that is not the case either.

Which of the following is NOT true about social studies "units"? --Social studies lessons are organized in segments known as units. --Social studies units might be as long as a semester or as short as a week. -- Social studies units are organized according to an overall theme. --Each social studies theme should conform to the ideas of the teacher.

Each social studies theme should conform to the ideas of the teacher. Social studies lessons are organized in segments known as units. These units might be as long as a semester or as short as a week and are organized according to an overall theme. Each social studies theme should conform to the standards of state and district guidelines, not the ideas or opinions of the teacher. Organizing themes according to state standards helps ensure that all children learn the same content.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelopes, and have all kinds of adventures, and may be get hanged or scalped, and have ever such a fine time, and write home and tell us all about it, and be a hero. And he would see the gold mines and the silver mines, and maybe go about of an afternoon when his work was done, and pick up two or three pailfuls of shining slugs, and nuggets of gold and silver on the hillside. And by and by he would become very rich, and return home by sea, and be able to talk as calmly about San Francisco and the ocean, and "the isthmus" as if it was nothing of any consequence to have seen those marvels face to face. What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe. And so, when he offered me, in cold blood, the sublime position of private secretary under him, it appeared to me that the heavens and the earth passed away, and the firmament was rolled together as a scroll! I had nothing more to desire. My contentment was complete. From the following list, choose the reason the author's "contentment was complete." --He was happy for his brother that he was appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory --He was thrilled that his brother would be leaving -- His brother asked him to be his secretary and join him on his travels -- He was happy that his brother would be a hero

Choice C is the correct answer because the phrase directly follows the author's description of being asked to go along. Choices A and D are incorrect because they are given as reasons for his envy. Choice B is incorrect because it wasn't mentioned as a reason to be content.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume and lend less and save more; and when they invest less and hire fewer workers. A newfound predilection for cash and cash-equivalents is a surefire sign of impending and imminent economic collapse. This etiology indicates the cure: reflation. Printing money and increasing the money supply are bound to have inflationary effects. Inflation ought to reduce the public's appetite for a depreciating currency and push individuals, firms, and banks to invest in goods and assets and reboot the economy. Government funds can also be used directly to consume and invest, although the impact of such interventions is far from certain. The U.S. government should have nationalized the big banks, let other financial institutions that are not too big to fail do so, and force mergers and acquisitions on the rest. Half-hearted measures intended to provide balance-sheet relief are unlikely to restore trust in financial intermediaries. In the absence of such trust, banks will not resume their traditional roles of capital allocation and interbank lending. As it is, we are likely to see a run on some of the banks, including at least one major bank (probably Wells Fargo). The phrase "of such interventions" refers to what in this article? --Using government funds directly to consume and invest. -- A newfound predilection of cash and cash equivalents -- Low savings, low capitalization, high leverage -- A rising demand for assets

Choices B, C and D are incorrect because they are not the phrase place directly before the phrase "of such interventions." Choice A is correct because it comes directly after his list of what the government should do and to which the word interventions refers.

Which of the following is BEST defined by its emphasis on limited government and individual freedom? Political power. Classical liberalism. Liberty. Federalism.

Classical liberalism.

Students should be introduced to the four main types of map projections. What are these? Conic, cylindrical, interrupted, and plane Globe, plane, geologic, topographical Physical, topographic, geologic, relative Conic, plane, international, interrupted

Conic, cylindrical, interrupted and plane Students should be able to identify each of the four major types of map projections. With a cylindrical map, a cylinder is imagined to circle the globe and the lines of longitude and latitude are projected onto the cylinder from the spherical globe. This can stretch the distances from east to west. With a conic map, meridians are drawn in equal distances from a central point, usually a pole. A plane map imagines a flat surface onto which places on the globe are projected. An interrupted map "opens up" a globe leaving spaces empty to represent the less important areas, such as the expanses of the ocean.

A reading strategy that asks the reader not only to activate her prior knowledge, but to make connection between the text she is reading and other texts, and with her personal life, is known as which of the following? Monitoring. Visualizing. Connecting. Questioning

Connecting Connecting invites the reader to connect the text to her own life and to other texts. The reader should also reflect on what prior knowledge she uses and what new knowledge is gained through reading.

Which of the following is described below? Students learn about issues and problems that are global in scope and require international solutions. Universal and cultural values and practices Origins and past patterns of worldwide affairs Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions Alternative future directions in worldwide affairs.

Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions Robert Hanvey and Willard Kniep were early advocates for global education. Their work was synthesized into two dimensions: substantive and perceptual. The substantive dimension includes five categories of content: 1. Universal and cultural values and practices. Students study earth's cultural groups to discover similarities and differences between groups. 2. Global connections. Curriculum should include lessons which connect peoples by global economic, political, ecological, and technological systems. 3.Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions. Students learn about issues and problems that are global in scope and require international solutions. 4. Origins and past patterns in worldwide affairs. Students come to understand the history of international current events. 5. Alternative future directions in worldwide affairs. Students speculate on and predict global consequences of political and economic decisions.

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the Wittenburg Door. You ask your students to research the changes caused by the actions of Martin Luther and to write a persuasive paper stating how Luther's actions were beneficial or damaging to the European culture of the time. The arguments must be persuasive and well-supported. Which level of Depth of Knowledge (DOK) will your students employ with this assignment? DOK Level 1 DOK Level 2 DOK Level 3 DOK Level 4

DOK Level 4 There are four levels of DOK, or depth of knowledge. Level 1 is recall. The student focuses on facts, definitions, details or routine procedures. Memorization is a skill at this level. There is one right answer. Level 2 is Skill/Concept. The student applies skills or concepts. This requires keeper knowledge than recall. Level 3 is strategic reasoning. The focus is on reasoning and planning. It requires abstract thinking and support for reasoning. There may be more than one correct response. Level 4 is extended reasoning. This requires complex reasoning, planning and thinking often over time. There may be multiple steps. Students may be asked to relate concepts within the content area or with other content areas. Students make real world applications. These students are being asked to select facts to support an argument. They must do research, organize data, craft an argument, and support it. This will take time. This is a Level 4 task.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume and lend less and save more; and when they invest less and hire fewer workers. A newfound predilection for cash and cash-equivalents is a surefire sign of impending and imminent economic collapse. This etiology indicates the cure: reflation. Printing money and increasing the money supply are bound to have inflationary effects. Inflation ought to reduce the public's appetite for a depreciating currency and push individuals, firms, and banks to invest in goods and assets and reboot the economy. Government funds can also be used directly to consume and invest, although the impact of such interventions is far from certain. The U.S. government should have nationalized the big banks, let other financial institutions that are not too big to fail do so, and force mergers and acquisitions on the rest. Half-hearted measures intended to provide balance-sheet relief are unlikely to restore trust in financial intermediaries. In the absence of such trust, banks will not resume their traditional roles of capital allocation and interbank lending. As it is, we are likely to see a run on some of the banks, including at least one major bank (probably Wells Fargo). Which of the following is the definition the passage gives for expected utility of money? Cash equivalents Depreciating currency Deferred money Balance sheet relief

Deferred money Deferred money is correct because, in sentence one, the phrase deferred money is in parentheses, defining the 'expected utility of money' that proceeds it. Cash equivalents, depreciating currency, and balance sheet relief are phrases used in the paragraph, but not as definitions for the utility of money.

Maria, a student in your third grade class, is struggling in her reading and content area subjects. You want to know which aspects of reading are giving her difficulty. Which type of assessment could you administer? Norm-referenced test Screening test Diagnostic test Formal test

Diagnostic test A diagnostic test will provide detailed information which will be useful in planning individual instruction. It is designed to tell whether a student has mastered individual skills. Formal, screening or norm-referenced tests are group tests and might not give you the information you need

A language variation that occurs in a region or among a group of people, which differs in some way from the standard language in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary is known as which of the following? Accent. Dialect. Pidgin. Creole.

Dialect A dialect is a language that is a variation on the standard language of a group or area. Dialects may differ from the standard language in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. It is important to note that these do not constitute incorrect speech but simply a variation.

Which of the following four factors, key to teaching social studies, is primarily credited with provoking inquiry? Arranged environment Initiation Development activities Culmination

Environment Arranged environment is primarily credited with provoking inquiry. There is so much latitude in social studies activities and experiences that the environment in which study takes place not only motivates, but provokes inquiry and serves as a learning resource.

A form of political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy and purity, in which a mass-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion." In the quote above, Robert O. Paxton is describing which of the following ideologies? Fascism. Libertarianism. Socialism. Capitalism.

Fascism. This passage is taken from Robert O. Paxton's The Anatomy of Fascism. In general terms, fascism is a term used to describe authoritarian nationalist political ideologies that seek to exalt a nation or race through unity, strength and purity.

The connection a child makes between words and referents, which are often so fast she cannot consider all possible meanings of the word, are known as which of the following? Object permanence. Fast mapping. Accommodation. Slow mapping.

Fast mapping Children make connections between words and referents very quickly. This may mean that all possible meanings of the word cannot be considered.

The unwritten literature of a culture, such as its songs and proverbs, is known as which of the following? Folklore. Mythology. Literary customs. Canon.

Folklore The unwritten literature of a culture or society is its folklore. Folklore can be incredibly useful not only in teaching reading, but in multicultural approaches to education in a number of subjects.

One technique used by a middle school teacher for helping her students sort writing ideas is the tree diagram. With a tree diagram, ideas are sorted From the specific to the general From the general to the specific In a simple list with two or three indentations or gradations From the interior to the exterior

From the general to the specific Writers using the tree diagram technique sort ideas from the general to the specific. Ideas and details branch out in increasing specificity. Gathering and sorting ideas can be very challenging for students.

When a child begins to connect the sound of a letter with its physical appearance in print, he or she is said to be making which of the following? Orthographic connections. Phonemic connections. Phonological connections. Grapheme phoneme connections.

Grapheme phoneme connections Grapheme phoneme connections occur when a child (or other reader) begins to connect a letter's sound with its physical appearance in print. Being able to connect a printed letter with its sound is a key step in literacy development.

Which of the following is an incorrect match? Charlemagne : The Holy Roman Empire Clovis I : The Frankish Kingdom King John : The Magna Carta Gregory I : The Holy Roman Empire

Gregory I : The Holy Roman Empire

Which is an example of a mnemonic device? --HOMES to remember the Great Lakes --A survey before reading --Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review --A story web or map

HOMES to remember the Great Lakes A mnemonic device is a memory -related device. HOMES stands for Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior.

Since the 1920s, most social studies programs in the elementary schools have followed the "expanding horizon approach." Which of the following would be the correct progression according to this approach? --World, country, state, town, community --Home, community, state, country --Regions of the world, history of the world, geography of the world --Community, civics, home, history

Home, community, state, country The progression is from that which is most familiar, home, family, school, to the least familiar, world geography, history, and cultures, is the pattern followed in the "expanding horizon approach" in social studies. Local and state standards also influence the scope and sequence of the curriculum

A teacher using the QAR comprehension strategy is asking her students questions that require them to think and search. They have just read a retelling of Little Red Riding Hood. Which of the following questions is a think and search question? Where was Little Red Riding Hood going with her basket of goodies? What do you think Little Red thought when she saw the Wolf in her Granny's bed? How long did it take for the Wolf to get to Granny's? Are you afraid of strangers?

How long did it take for the Wolf to get to Granny's? This question would require the readers to think about what Red was doing (picking flowers and walking to Granny's) and how long it might take the Wolf to accomplish his foul deeds. They would have to conclude that he was a pretty quick worker. A QAR (Question-Answer Relationship, Raphael, 1982) helps students understand that much of what is gained from reading does not come directly from the text. The teacher uses three types of questions: the right on the page, the think and search, and the on my own. The right on the page questions can be found directly from the text. The think and search questions can be directly inferred from the text. The on my own questions are related to the students own experiences or ideas. Students can learn to distinguish which type of question is being asked and also to construct questions at each level. OARs can be used with fiction and non-fiction texts. Students learn to make predictions, draw conclusions, make generalizations and evaluate texts.

Which of the following is an example of the semi-phonetic stage of writing? IM6 (I am six.) ME N MI CAT WNT FR A WK (Me and my cat went for a walk.) Gra sqrrl gra sqrrl wut do you see I see a red fox lkn at me (Gray squirrel, gray squirrel, what do you see? I see a red fox looking at me.) My dad is a gud reeder. I want to be a good reeder to!

IM6 (I am six.) Children progress through developmental spelling stages as they become writers. The stages are: The Pre-communicative Phase: Writing has inconsistent communicative intent. The child may give a different meaning every time he interprets his "writing" (usually scribbles). Children have not yet developed phonological or phonemic awareness. The Semi-phonetic Phase: Children discover that letters represent sounds. Children develop phonemic awareness. Children use letters to represent words. The Phonetic stage: Children begin to use letters more accurately to represent words. More consistent use of consonants and vowels is evident. The Transitional Stage: Children use a number of correct spellings, but will still use phonetic spelling for many words. Children combine sight words with phonetic words.

Mrs. Copperfield uses recordings of the week's story with her second grade class. Every day, she plays the CD and has her class track along with the reader. As the week progresses, she encourages her students to read along with the tape in soft voices or even just to chime in with significant words. Which fluency technique is Mrs. Copperfield using? Choral reading Echo reading Imitative reading Paired-reading

Imitative reading Students listening to and reading along with pre-recorded texts are using tape-assisted, automated, or imitative reading for fluency. Echo reading is reading one sentence at a time and having students repeat it as an echo would. Choral reading is reading with the teacher in a group or having groups assigned to read together. This works well with poetry or dramas. Reading with a tape recorded reading gives students practice with fluency. Pre-recorded readings give good examples of prosody.

During early childhood, a child may guide his or her actions by whispering or muttering to herself as a parent would. This type of speech is known as which of the following? Telegraphic speech. Communicative speech. Repetition. Inner speech.

Inner speech A child uses inner speech to caution him or herself or guide actions. As children age, the whispered or muttered inner speech may become silent. Adults continue to engage in inner speech.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelopes, and have all kinds of adventures, and may be get hanged or scalped, and have ever such a fine time, and write home and tell us all about it, and be a hero. And he would see the gold mines and the silver mines, and maybe go about of an afternoon when his work was done, and pick up two or three pailfuls of shining slugs, and nuggets of gold and silver on the hillside. And by and by he would become very rich, and return home by sea, and be able to talk as calmly about San Francisco and the ocean, and "the isthmus" as if it was nothing of any consequence to have seen those marvels face to face. What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe. And so, when he offered me, in cold blood, the sublime position of private secretary under him, it appeared to me that the heavens and the earth passed away, and the firmament was rolled together as a scroll! I had nothing more to desire. My contentment was complete. Which of the following best describes the type of writing this author presents? Irony Definitive Passive Metafiction

Irony Choices B, C and D are not true definitions of the style of writing this author employs. Choice A is the correct answer, as the author says things throughout that he doesn't really mean, but that lends an interesting, self-evaluating look at that particular situation - which is irony.

Which of the following is FALSE about the Boston Massacre? --It involved the death of civilians at the hands of British troops. --It encouraged rebellion in the colonies. --It led to further loyalty to the monarchy. --The British soldiers were represented in court by John Adams.

It led to further loyalty to the monarchy. The Boston Massacre helped incite rebellion against the monarchy rather than loyalty toward it.

The reading specialist is giving fluency probes to a first grade class. She tests Jamina who reads as below: (slashes mark stops. Underlined words are missed.) Tom / has / a / kitten./ He really / likes / his / cat./ He pets his cat./ He/ feeds/ his/ cat./ He/ washes / his cat's / pillow. How should the reading teacher assess Jamina's reading based on this test? --Jamina cannot read. --Jamina needs practice with decoding. --Jamina does not know her sight words. --Jamina does not heed puncutation marks.

Jamina needs practice with decoding. Fluent readers read quickly, accurately, automatically, and with expression. Fluency is important for good reading because slow, inaccurate reading causes the reader to lose focus. When readers are just beginning, they must focus on decoding each word. Fluent readers recognize high-frequency words automatically, do not need to stop to decode every word, heed punctuation marks, and read with adequate speed. This reader is stopping often to decode.

Which of the following thinkers of the Reformation pioneered the empiricist approach to knowledge? Benedict de Spinoza John Locke John Calvin Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

John Locke John Locke proposed the empiricist approach to knowledge. He connected a child's environment to his/her development. Locke thought that reason and revelation came from God. He classified knowledge as three states: (1) knowledge according to reason, (2.) knowledge contrary to reason, (3) knowledge above reason. His thinking had a huge influence on education. John Calvin proposed the doctrine of predestination which greatly influenced the church in Scotland, although he was French. Benedict de Spinoza developed rational pantheism. He equated God with nature and denied free will. The universe was impersonal and mechanical. Gottfried Leibniz also had a mechanistic view of the universe. He worked on symbolic logic and calculus. He invented a calculating machine.

Which of the following is BEST defined by the proper ordering and distribution of things and persons within a society? Authority. Legitimacy. Justice. Liberty.

Justice. Justice refers to the distribution of things and position of people within society.

Which is the best predictor of a child's ability to understand a passage? Knowledge of word meanings Knowledge of phonics Practice with decoding Text and sentence structures

Knowledge of word meanings. Vocabulary understanding is a good predictor of a child's comprehension. Being able to understand the words in a passage enables the student to understand the passage. Other important factors are background knowledge and context cues.

Assigning children a lesson which involves gathering information about the way people live in various nations reflects the combination of social studies with which of the following content areas? Mathematics Health Language arts Physical education

Language Arts Assigning children a lesson which involves gathering data about the way people live in various nations reflects the combination of social studies with language arts. Students need to explore various texts to find the information they need. Teaching content across subject areas helps students understand how information and concepts are interrelated.

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and prevention ______ it allows physicians to look directly at the entire colon and identify suspicious growths. It is the only test that can detect and remove pre-cancerous polyps from the colon during the same examination. A shift in point of view is indicated at which point in the passage? Line 12 Line 20 Line 30 Line 18

Line 18

Lee Woodruff, journalist and co-founder of the Bob Woodruff Foundation ReMIND, learned first-hand about the toll that pain can take on a family when her husband was critically injured in Iraq while working as a broadcast news correspondent. She also learned about the importance of taking an active role in her husband's care and speaking up. "It's important to remember that you can be your best advocate when it comes to pain care. Learning as much as you can about your pain, and asking for help is a great way to start your advocacy journey. This isn't a time to be shy," said Mrs. Woodruff. The percentage of Americans reporting chronic pain is on the rise. New data from the National Center for Health Statistics recently show that 28 percent of Americans experience low-back pain, an estimate that has increased steadily over the past decade.2 According to pain specialist Donna Kalauokalani, MD, MPH, pain affects our lives in surprising ways. "Pain doesn't discriminate, but we know that our most vulnerable populations often have the hardest time accessing pain care," said Dr. Kalauokalani. "People with pain and their caregivers can lend a powerful voice to improving pain care through advocacy." For people with pain, it's easy to get discouraged. But there is hope. Even now, the National Institutes of Health are working across agencies to set a pain research agenda. Advocates are working to advance recommendations put forth by the Institute of Medicine to help improve pain care through increased patient and provider education. Telling your story is just one way that YOU can take action _________ improve care and access to care for people who live with pain. At which line in the selection is there a shift in point of view? Line 10 Line 16 Line 29 Line 42

Line 42 Point of view or "person" refers to the distinction among the person speaking (first person), the person spoken to (second person), and the subject spoken about (third person). Shifts in person should not occur within a sentence. In this line, the third person narrative shifts into direct dialogue going from factual information to directly addressing the reader.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. While government officials and policymakers work towards a more permanent solution to the healthcare and economic crises, these programs offer immediate help for those _________ are struggling with healthcare expenses due to the economic downturn. Which line contains an error in subject-verb agreement? Line 8 Line 9 Line 12 Line 32

Line 9 The sentence should read: More than one-third say they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. The subject of the sentence is "More" which is a collective noun. A collective noun can take a singular or plural verb, depending on context. Here "more" is plural.

Mrs. Kane is doing a guided reading with her confident reading group. They are reading about climate and how landforms can affect the climate in a particular region. As they work together, Mrs. Kane stops to ask the students to tell her how a land form might affect the weather, for example, how a mountain range might affect rainfall in a region. She records their ideas on a chart before they read the applicable section of the selection. Which prior knowledge technique is she employing with her group? Brainstorming Making predictions Questioning Making meaning

Making predictions

Mrs. Dima, a retired teacher, comes to talk to your social studies class. She tells the students that, when she was a girl, the new New York fashions took about two years to get to her town. Now they get there overnight because of TV and the INTERNET. What geography theme is she addressing? Human-Environmental interaction Movement and connections Location and place Regions, patterns and processes

Movement and connections Mrs. Dima is talking about the movement of goods. The five themes of geography are: place; location; movement and connections; human-environmental interaction; regions, patterns and processes. Place: Continents, countries, cities etc. Location: absolute and relative on the globe Human-environmental interaction -- how people rely on and affect the environment Movement and Connections: transportation, communication, people and goods Regions, patterns and processes: climatic, economic, political and cultural

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voices, Big Dreams survey allows children like Ibrahima to share their hopes and dreams and for ChildFund to improve its programs by listening to children to better address their needs, fears and hopes for the future. While most children believe that getting an education is the key to a brighter future, providing basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter was a concern for children from both developing and developed nations. Approximately 23 percent of all children surveyed acknowledged that affording these basic items would ameliorate the lives of children in their countries. Creating jobs is also a top concern for children living in developed countries. While unemployment rates are declining in the U.S., children still recognize that country leadership should create employment opportunities and address inequality. Of all developed countries, 17 percent answered that addressing poverty and creating jobs are important compared to 13 percent of children in developing countries. Health care remains a hot topic in the U.S., but only five percent of children living in developed countries felt that health care needed improvement if they were president. Surprisingly, only 9 percent of children living in developing countries felt that health care needed improvement in their respective countries. Despite the differences in priorities, children are hopeful about their futures and the change they can bring to the world, and that's good news. Good readers use concrete and specific words. Which of the following words is most abstract? Food Clothing Shelter Needs

Needs Food, clothing, and shelter are three specific needs of children. Whenever possible, replace abstract words with specific words. He rode his vehicle to work. He rode his unicycle to work.

We are going to look at civil unrest and what can trigger it. Definition of Civil Unrest - This is not a revolution or violent overthrow of the government. It is a breakdown of law and order. The symptoms of civil unrest follow: crowds gathering and engaging in violence such as starting fires, throwing rocks, destroying vehicles, attacking cars with motorists inside, marching outside of government buildings and acting in a disorderly and destructive fashion, crowds throwing rocks and other projectiles. Civil unrest is more than just unhappy people. It is when these unhappy people demonstrate their unhappiness with violence and destruction of property so as to send a signal to the government that they had better meet their wishes and fast. Civil unrest is not revolutionary behavior. Revolutionary behavior generally focuses sharply on specific targets; it is not random violence or destruction of property. Revolutionary behavior has a lot of let's call it propaganda for lack of a better word. This is where the revolutionary forces tend to publish material and make speeches to support their political position and win over converts. Which of the following is not a part of the author's definition of civil unrest? Overthrow of the government Starting fires Destroying vehicles Acting disorderly

Overthrow of the government

Students in a middle school classroom are asked to write nominating speeches for class president. Which type of writing will these students most likely employ? Persuasive Speculative Expository Narrative

Persuasive The main functions of writing are to narrate, to describe, to explain and to persuade. The purpose of expository writing is to explain or clarify ideas. Textbooks use expository writing. Essays can also use expository writing. Persuasive writing is used to convince the reader of something. Newspaper stories and essays often use persuasive writing. A point is put forth which is supported by evidence and logical arguments. Speculative writing explores ideas rather than explaining them. The tone is often meditative. Narrative writing is used to tell a story. A nominating speech would most likely be persuasive since the purpose is to convince voters to nominate a candidate.

What are the individual sounds in spoken language called? Syllables Phonemes Blends Segments

Phonemes Phonemes are the separate, small sounds of spoken language. When a child begins to connect the smaller sounds that words are made up with to the words as spoken, he is developing phonemic awareness. This is usually done very early in learning to read.

Which is true of phonics and comprehension? --Comprehension teaches phonics. --Teaching phonics teaches comprehension skills. --New readers use phonics exclusively. --Phonics skills are reinforced by comprehension.

Phonics skills are reinforced by comprehension. Students who have good comprehension skills will know if the word they are decoding makes sense in what they are reading. Readers can refine their phonics skills when reading in context. They receive feedback about the accuracy of their decoding when their choices make sense to comprehension.

A child's ability to notice print in her environment and ability to properly hold a book help make up which of the following? Print awareness. Print motivation. Early literacy. Book concept.

Print awareness Print awareness is a child's ability to notice print in her environment. This includes the ability to properly hold a book. Print awareness is a cornerstone of literacy.

Which of the following is BEST defined by the political "far left" and "far right"? Liberal. Socialist. Radical. Communist.

Radical. A radical viewpoint is usually extremely liberal or extremely conservative on the conventional political spectrum.

Mrs. Montaigne is working with her sixth grade social studies class. They are studying the inventors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Which of the following questions would be highest on the DOK (Depth of Knowledge) scale? --- Who invented the first voice recording machine? ---Compare Thomas Edison's arguments for Direct Current (DC) with Nikola Tesla's arguments for Alternating Current (AC). ---Read Edison's proposal for illuminating the Chicago World's Fair. Read Tesla's. Choose the one you think is best and write a persuasive letter to the Board of Directors of the Fair. ---- Read these newspaper articles about Edison's traveling exhibitions concerning the dangers of AC. What conclusions can you draw about Edison's exhibitions and the dangers of AC current?

Read Edison's proposal for illuminating the Chicago World's Fair. Read Tesla's. Choose the one you think is best and write a persuasive letter to the Board of Directors of the Fair. This is an example of a level 4 DOK question. Students must collect information, compare information, decide which information is more valid or closer to their view, and produce a new application for the information. There are four levels of DOK, or depth of knowledge. Level 1 is recall. The student focuses on facts, definitions, details or routine procedures. Memorization is a skill at this level. There is one right answer. Level 2 is Skill/Concept. The student applies skills or concepts. This requires deeper knowledge than recall. Level 3 is strategic reasoning. The focus is on reasoning and planning. It requires abstract thinking and support for reasoning. There may be more than one correct response. Level 4 is extended reasoning. This requires complex reasoning, planning and thinking often over time. There may be multiple steps. Students may be asked to relate concepts within the content area or with other content areas. Students make real world applications.

Adults will often add to a child's utterances by expanding or elaborating on them. This is known as _______________. Telegraphic speech. Verbal mediation. Overregularization. Scaffolding.

Scaffolding As children learn languages, parents and other adults may expand or elaborate on their utterances. These expansions are known as scaffolding, and play an important role in modeling language for children.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelopes, and have all kinds of adventures, and may be get hanged or scalped, and have ever such a fine time, and write home and tell us all about it, and be a hero. And he would see the gold mines and the silver mines, and maybe go about of an afternoon when his work was done, and pick up two or three pailfuls of shining slugs, and nuggets of gold and silver on the hillside. And by and by he would become very rich, and return home by sea, and be able to talk as calmly about San Francisco and the ocean, and "the isthmus" as if it was nothing of any consequence to have seen those marvels face to face. What I suffered in contemplating his happiness, pen cannot describe. And so, when he offered me, in cold blood, the sublime position of private secretary under him, it appeared to me that the heavens and the earth passed away, and the firmament was rolled together as a scroll! I had nothing more to desire. My contentment was complete. Which of the following is not a title the author's brother would have in the absence of the governor? Senator Acting Governor Comptroller Treasurer

Senator Choices B, C and D are listed in the first sentence as titles the author's brother would carry in the absence of the governor making those choices incorrect. Choice A is correct because the list of titles does not include his being a senator while in the absence of the governor.

Your advanced social studies class is reading parts of Nobel Prize winner Gunnar Myrdal's "An American Dilemma" which dealt with the status of African Americans from the Civil War to the Second World War. What area of anthropological studies are you introducing your students to with this study? Ethnography Sociology Archeology Psychology

Sociology Anthropology is the study of human culture. Archaeologists excavate and scientifically analyze the remains of extinct people to try reconstruct their lives. Richard Leaky is an archaeologist. Primatologists, such as Jane Goodall, study the group behavior of non-human primates. Ethnographers gather information about culture through fieldwork done on site. Margaret Mead is an example. Linguistic anthropologists study languages in their social contexts. Physical anthropologists study living and fossil human beings and primates. Sociologists study the social behavior of humans within a group. Gunnar Myrdal was a sociologist. Psychologists, such as B.F. Skinner study the human behavior of small groups and individuals.

Several studies support teaching spelling with reading instruction. Why would spelling be coordinated with reading? --Children learn standard spelling. --Students become better decoders. --Students with poor phonological awareness can memorize spelling words. --Students can only read words they can spell.

Students become better decoders. Several studies show that when spelling and reading are integrated students become better decoders. They can read words that they cannot spell and can attempt to write words they do not know how to spell. Programs that encourage "invented spelling" based on patterns that are taught have students who are better decoders.

Which of the following was passed in direct response to the Boston Tea Party? The Massachusetts Government Act. The Boston Port Act. The Administration of Justice Act. The Quebec Act.

The Boston Port Act. The Boston Port Act, which closed the Port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea, was the first of the Intolerable Acts to be passed in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Which of the following was NOT accomplished by The Louisiana Purchase? The U.S. gained control of the Mississippi River. The U.S. doubled in size. The U.S. gained control over Florida. There was an increase in the U.S. population of Spanish, French and Native Americans.

The U.S. gained control over Florida. The Louisiana Purchase did not provide the U.S. with control over Florida.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. The car is fast, it has a large engine. The car is fast and runs slowly. The car is fast; it has a large engine. The car is fast, it has a small engine. Fast car

The car is fast; it has a large engine. Correlation is a relation between two or more things. The common relationship between the two subjects is cars with larger engines generally run faster than cars with smaller engines.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume and lend less and save more; and when they invest less and hire fewer workers. A newfound predilection for cash and cash-equivalents is a surefire sign of impending and imminent economic collapse. This etiology indicates the cure: reflation. Printing money and increasing the money supply are bound to have inflationary effects. Inflation ought to reduce the public's appetite for a depreciating currency and push individuals, firms, and banks to invest in goods and assets and reboot the economy. Government funds can also be used directly to consume and invest, although the impact of such interventions is far from certain. The U.S. government should have nationalized the big banks, let other financial institutions that are not too big to fail do so, and force mergers and acquisitions on the rest. Half-hearted measures intended to provide balance-sheet relief are unlikely to restore trust in financial intermediaries. In the absence of such trust, banks will not resume their traditional roles of capital allocation and interbank lending. As it is, we are likely to see a run on some of the banks, including at least one major bank (probably Wells Fargo). Which is not listed as one of the reasons for the fate of economies? The demand for investment goods The demand for money The demand for assets The demand for fair lending

The demand for fair lending Choices A, B and C are contained in the list as reasons for the fate of economies and are incorrect. Choice D is not mentioned as a reason for the fate of economies and is the correct choice.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the negation of the underlined sentence. The hill was steep. The hill was not steep. I like steep hills. I haven't seen the hill. Mountains are large hills.

The hill was not steep.

A fourth grade class is given the following writing prompt: Pretend that you are planning a camping trip. You want your cousin, who is the same age as you, to come along with you, but you know that he is afraid of sleeping in the woods. Write a persuasive paragraph telling him why he should join you on your trip. A student turns in the following. How would you rate this paragraph? Dear Charlie, I hope that you are doing well. I haven't seen you for a while. I'm going camping! I am going to take a tent and some food and a fishing pole. My dad is taking me to the National park about an hour from our house. We are going to set up the tent and cook hot dogs over the fire.We are going to sleep in sleeping bags. We are going to fish in the stream. We might cook the fish if we catch any. It will be fun. Your cousin, Toni --The writer wrote a focused persuasive paragraph which met the standards of the prompt. --The writer wrote a descriptive paragraph about camping. She did not fully meet the standards of the prompt. --The writer did not meet any of the standards of the prompt. -- The paragraph lacked focus. The writer did not include enough content. The paragraph is not persuasive.

The writer wrote a descriptive paragraph about camping. She did not fully meet the standards of the prompt. This paragraph is descriptive but not persuasive. Writing to a prompt includes audience, topic, type of writing and role of the writer. Here the writer is simply describing what will be done on the trip, not trying to persuade his cousin to join him.

Which of the following is TRUE about primary groups? They are usually large in size. They frequently last for long periods of time. They are institutional more often than not. They are formal relationships.

They frequently last for long periods of time Primary groups are characterized by a high degree of affective interpersonal contact and exerting strong influence on social attitudes and ideals of the individual. Primary groups tend to develop lasting relationships. Whereas secondary groups are less personal and often temporary, such as classmates or work colleagues.

"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." The quote above is from which of the following Amendments to the U.S. Constitution? First Amendment. Second Amendment. Third Amendment. Fourth Amendment.

Third Amendment. The Third Amendment was written to avoid the recurrence of quartering in citizens' homes as had been done before the American Revolution.

Which of the following theorists believed that human nature was nothing more than "self-interested cooperation"? John Locke. Niccolo Machiavelli. Karl Marx. Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes Hobbes believed that due to the scarcity of things in the world, there is a constant and rights-based, "war of all against all".

There is nothing we can do to stop natural methane sources. On the industrial side, however, there are a lot of areas that can be addressed. The production of methane through our actions is primarily through natural gas, petroleum, agricultural, coal mining, waste water reclaiming and landfill systems. All produce methane to a certain degree, some on a very large scale. Modifying our behavior on methane production is actually a win-win situation. Unlike carbon dioxide, methane can be used as an energy source in and of itself. The technology is complex and the gas can be unstable, but we have certainly accomplished far more difficult tasks. The bigger point is that we don't have to stop any activity that produces methane, just modify such activities to make use of the methane. Which generalization about global warming is most strongly supported by this passage? -- Industrial production of greenhouse gases and its impact on global warming needs to be studied closely. -- Any reduction in the industrial production of greenhouse gases would have a negligible impact on controlling global warming due to the amount of these gases produced naturally. -- Unless the progression of global warming is curtailed, it is inevitable that the entire Earth will turn into a desert. -- Through technological advances, methane can and should be cultivated as an energy source.

Through technological advances, methane can and should be cultivated as an energy source.

The National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), an organization of social studies teachers, has developed teaching standards to help teachers teach social studies. These standards include all but which of the following? To serve as a framework for graduate level social studies programs. To serve as a framework for K-12 social studies programs To serve as a guide for social studies curriculum decisions To provide relevant examples of social studies classroom practices

To serve as a framework for graduate level social studies programs.

Which of the following does not describe a task for the alphabetic principle? Tracking from left to right Teaching letter-sound correspondences in isolation Reading phonetically-spelled words Connecting letter symbols with sounds

Tracking from left to right Tracking from left to right is a skill associated with print awareness. The alphabetic principle is the systematic relationship between letters and sounds. These skills help students decode words.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. While government officials and policymakers work towards a more permanent solution to the healthcare and economic crises, these programs offer immediate help for those _________ are struggling with healthcare expenses due to the economic downturn. Read the passage. This passage is most likely addressing which audience? Government officials Poll-takers Policymakers Uninsured Americans

Uninsured Americans The audience for the passage would be uninsured Americans. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. The passage refers to policymakers, government officials, and polls, but the focus is on giving information concerning the plight of uninsured Americans.

Which of the following projects would help social studies students understand how transportation and communications networks contribute to the level of economic development of a region? ---Using the Internet, find out where you can buy cartoon character cell phone covers, how much they will cost, and any taxes or shipping charges you must pay. With this information, set up a "store" which will sell cell phone covers to your classmates. ---Take a poll of your classmates. Find the number who have cell phones and how many have covers for them. ---Using the Internet, find out the availability of cartoon character cell phone covers, the cost, and taxes and shipping. With this information, take a poll of your classmates to see how many might buy the covers. ---------Then make a plan for ordering and selling the covers. Plan a menu for a school Thanksgiving dinner. What foods will you serve?

Using the Internet, find out the availability of cartoon character cell phone covers, the cost, and taxes and shipping. With this information, take a poll of your classmates to see how many might buy the covers. Then make a plan for ordering and selling the covers. The availability of transportation and shipping and the improvement in communication networks, such as the Internet, has an economic impact in a region. The ability to do research easily and find information for planning for the use of resources helps regions develop at a greater pace than previous cultures could. This project uses the Internet, an communication resource, to help plan a business based on supply and demand. Economic principles support using resources to attain the highest practical satisfaction.

Mr. Hanson is evaluating his students' writing samples with regard to the Common Core standard: Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Which of the following students would score as having limited understanding? -- The stray cat wandered into our neighborhood last month. He was dirty and scrawny. My mother said that we couldn't keep him so we put him on a cat improvement plan. First, we cleaned him up. He wouldn't get into the tub so we tricked him! We rubbed milk on his fur and he licked it off and got clean. Then we filled a dish with left-over meat scraps from our dinners. We mixed in a raw egg. This fattened him up until he was just skinny. We took his picture and put it up on Facebook. Before long, someone adopted him. -- My brother is teaching me to be a great pitcher. When we first started practicing, I would just toss the ball at the batter. My brother told me that I couldn't just toss it, I had to really throw it. He taught me to throw a curve ball and a fast ball. I really hurl that ball at the batter now. I am getting a good reputation as a pitcher. Thanks to my brother. --My mother makes a peach pie that will make your mouth water! First, she gets the juiciest peaches she can find. She says that juicy means sweet. She then cuts the soft peaches into a bowl and mixes in some other ingredients which I forget. This is pretty sloppy. She then rolls out some sticky dough and plops in the peaches mix. She crisscrosses dough strips over the top of the peaches and pops it into the oven. We clean up the kitchen while we wait for it to bake. Finally, a super-sweet, juicy crisp pie comes out of the oven where we are all waiting with our forks ready. Yummy! --When I read a sad book, I get sad. When kids in a book are crying, it makes me want to cry too. I would rather read happy books so that I can be happy too. Happy books give me good dreams. Once I read a book about a kid who lost his dog. That made me think about my dog and I got sad too. Luckily, the kid found his dog so the book had a happy ending. I got happy too.

When I read a sad book, I get sad. When kids in a book are crying, it makes me want to cry too. I would rather read happy books so that I can be happy too. Happy books give me good dreams. Once I read a book about a kid who lost his dog. That made me think about my dog and I got sad too. Luckily, the kid found his dog so the book had a happy ending. I got happy too. This student uses the same words repeatedly. He shows limited understanding by linking happy-good and crying-sad In the other samples, the students demonstrate understanding by using specific describing words or gradations of a word to shade meaning. Examples: skinny-scrawny; toss-throw-hurl-pitch; sweet-juicy-sloppy-sticky

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voices, Big Dreams survey allows children like Ibrahima to share their hopes and dreams and for ChildFund to improve its programs by listening to children to better address their needs, fears and hopes for the future. While most children believe that getting an education is the key to a brighter future, providing basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter was a concern for children from both developing and developed nations. Approximately 23 percent of all children surveyed acknowledged that affording these basic items would ameliorate the lives of children in their countries. Creating jobs is also a top concern for children living in developed countries. While unemployment rates are declining in the U.S., children still recognize that country leadership should create employment opportunities and address inequality. Of all developed countries, 17 percent answered that addressing poverty and creating jobs are important compared to 13 percent of children in developing countries. Health care remains a hot topic in the U.S., but only five percent of children living in developed countries felt that health care needed improvement if they were president. Surprisingly, only 9 percent of children living in developing countries felt that health care needed improvement in their respective countries. Despite the differences in priorities, children are hopeful about their futures and the change they can bring to the world, and that's good news. A rule of good writing is to use simple words whenever possible. Which word would best replace "ameliorate" in line 41? change improve prevent shorten

improve "Improve" is a synonym for "ameliorate." It is also a more common word which would be more widely understood by readers. Avoid using polysyllable words when one or two syllables will do. metropolis: city deficiency : lack utilize : use

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Slave Pen, the only known surviving rural slave jail which was moved to the museum from a farm in Mason county, just 60 miles from the museum. 7The Slave Pen was owned by Captain John Anderson, a slave trader. 8Slaves from the area were held there for sale in the south when the market was favorable and the selling prices were high. 9You can walk through the slave holding pen and touch history. 10The names of some of the slaves believed to have been held in the pen are listed on a wooden slab in the pen's interior. 11"The pen is powerful," says Carl B. Westmoreland, curator and senior adviser to the museum. "It has the feeling of hallowed ground." 12This artifact of the slave trade tells the story of what happened in the 1800s to present and future generations. Which of the following parts of the selection has an error in punctuation? part 10 part 5 part 2 part 1

part 2 Part 2 is the sentence that has an error in punctuation. The word "it's" should be replaced with "its." Apostrophes are used in contractions. In this case "its" is not a contraction for "it is." The proper word to use would be "its."

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfish, as opposed to imported varieties, guarantees freshness. Identify the part of the selection that is a run-on sentence. part 1 part 2 part 3 part 9

part 2 Part 2 is a run-on sentence. "According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem." The highlighted part should be a new sentence or should be connected to the rest of the sentence by a semicolon.

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with minimal processing. 9It is included in recipes for shelf-stable beverages, dairy desserts, baked goods and many other foods enjoyed across the world. 10With 7 billion people in the world to feed, it is essential to have products that can travel distances safely and arrive to needful communities intact and nutritious. 11According to the Harvard School of Public Health, millions of people around the world suffer from protein malnutrition. 12When used in protein-enriched beverages, carrageenan aids in the extension and protection of the nutritional value of protein while improving the creaminess that is affected by processing. 13Carrageenan is used to stabilize liquid nutritional supplements for infants and young children, ensuring safe access to nutrition for children, particularly in regions with unreliable water quality where malnutrition is prevalent. Which of the following parts of the selection has a problem with one of the verbs in the sentence? part 1 part 2 part 3 part 4

part 3 "These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm." The highlighted word must be changed to "help" to agree with the plural word "techniques."

1People sometimes read that there was once an ancient global civilization of great knowledge and power that disappeared without a trace. 2This hypothetical civilization is often identified with Plato's Atlantis, which was said to have sunk beneath the waves over 12,000 years ago. 3Many writers have tried to find evidence for the existence of Atlantis; and it is still a popular theme for alternative historians. 4Is there any solid evidence for this lost civilization? 5One of the most widely quoted pieces of evidence is the presence of pyramids, on both sides of the Atlantic. 6Massive pyramids are found not only in Egypt, but also in Central and South America. 7Recently, too, it has been claimed that there are pyramids in Serbia and China (though these claims have been disputed). 8It is argued that the pyramids must have been built by survivors of a lost civilization who were scattered over the world after their homeland was destroyed. 9The problem with this argument is that these cultures are widely separated not only in space, but also in time. 10The Aztec and Maya pyramids were built thousands of years after the Egyptian monuments, so it is difficult to see how they could have a common source. Which of the following parts best states the theme of this selection? part 1 part 2 part 3 part 5

part 3 Part 3 best states the theme of the selection. The theme is the search for evidence of Atlantis. Part 4 adds to the statement of the theme.

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Slave Pen, the only known surviving rural slave jail which was moved to the museum from a farm in Mason county, just 60 miles from the museum. 7The Slave Pen was owned by Captain John Anderson, a slave trader. 8Slaves from the area were held there for sale in the south when the market was favorable and the selling prices were high. 9You can walk through the slave holding pen and touch history. 10The names of some of the slaves believed to have been held in the pen are listed on a wooden slab in the pen's interior. 11"The pen is powerful," says Carl B. Westmoreland, curator and senior adviser to the museum. "It has the feeling of hallowed ground." 12This artifact of the slave trade tells the story of what happened in the 1800s to present and future generations. Which of the following parts of the selection has an error in verb tense? part 1 part 3 part 4 part 6

part 4 "Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad." The highlighted words are not correctly used. They should be replaced with "experience." The verb tense as it is written is resent progressive tense and so it shows action that is in progress. The correct tense is simple present tense.

1For people with diabetes, taking a multivitamin every day can mean much more than a little protection against the common cold. 2Research is finding that multivitamins can be the first line of defense against many different types of infections, including respiratory infections and influenza. 3"Once a person with diabetes gets an infection, it's much harder for them to get rid of it, and it can lead to dire consequences, even death," says Registered and Certified Dietitian-Nutritionist Debra Spector. 4"And since some diabetic patients don't normally respond well to treatment, prevention is key for them." 5Taking a special diabetes multivitamin, usually found in the diabetes section of a drugstore, not the vitamin section, allows you to be proactive with your health, and avoid nutrient deficiencies that can lead to problems. 6A year-long study among 130 patients, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that the incidence of infection was much lower among those who took a multivitamin versus those who did not. 7Infection occurred in only 17 per cent of diabetic patients who took a multivitamin versus the 93 per cent who took a placebo. 8The study also found that regular multivitamin usage reduced the rate of minor urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections in people with diabetes. In which of the following parts is there a problem with change in person? part 1 part 3 part 5 part 6

part 5 In part 5 there is a change in point of view from third person to second person. The phrase, "allows you to be proactive with your health" is in the second person while the rest of the selection is in the third person. The phrase would be better written, for example, as, "allows diabetics to be proactive with their health."

1For people with diabetes, taking a multivitamin every day can mean much more than a little protection against the common cold. 2Research is finding that multivitamins can be the first line of defense against many different types of infections, including respiratory infections and influenza. 3"Once a person with diabetes gets an infection, it's much harder for them to get rid of it, and it can lead to dire consequences, even death," says Registered and Certified Dietitian-Nutritionist Debra Spector. 4"And since some diabetic patients don't normally respond well to treatment, prevention is key for them." 5Taking a special diabetes multivitamin, usually found in the diabetes section of a drugstore, not the vitamin section, allows you to be proactive with your health, and avoid nutrient deficiencies that can lead to problems. 6A year-long study among 130 patients, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that the incidence of infection was much lower among those who took a multivitamin versus those who did not. 7Infection occurred in only 17 per cent of diabetic patients who took a multivitamin versus the 93 per cent who took a placebo. 8The study also found that regular multivitamin usage reduced the rate of minor urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections in people with diabetes. Which of the following parts of the selection has a problem with pronoun-antecedent agreement? part 7 part 6 part 5 part 3

part 5 In part 5 there is a change in point of view from third person to second person. The phrase, "allows you to be proactive with your health" is in the second person while the rest of the selection is in the third person. The phrase would be better written, for example, as, "allows diabetics to be proactive with their health."

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with minimal processing. 9It is included in recipes for shelf-stable beverages, dairy desserts, baked goods and many other foods enjoyed across the world. 10With 7 billion people in the world to feed, it is essential to have products that can travel distances safely and arrive to needful communities intact and nutritious. 11According to the Harvard School of Public Health, millions of people around the world suffer from protein malnutrition. 12When used in protein-enriched beverages, carrageenan aids in the extension and protection of the nutritional value of protein while improving the creaminess that is affected by processing. 13Carrageenan is used to stabilize liquid nutritional supplements for infants and young children, ensuring safe access to nutrition for children, particularly in regions with unreliable water quality where malnutrition is prevalent. In which of the following parts of the selection should a comma be inserted? part 3: after "techniques" part 7: after "Furthermore" part 8: after "seaweed" part 12: after "extension"

part 7: after "Furthermore" Because the word is used at the beginning of the sentence as an introductory word, a comma should be inserted after it. Introductory words like however, still, furthermore, and meanwhile create continuity from one sentence to the next.

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Slave Pen, the only known surviving rural slave jail which was moved to the museum from a farm in Mason county, just 60 miles from the museum. 7The Slave Pen was owned by Captain John Anderson, a slave trader. 8Slaves from the area were held there for sale in the south when the market was favorable and the selling prices were high. 9You can walk through the slave holding pen and touch history. 10The names of some of the slaves believed to have been held in the pen are listed on a wooden slab in the pen's interior. 11"The pen is powerful," says Carl B. Westmoreland, curator and senior adviser to the museum. "It has the feeling of hallowed ground." 12This artifact of the slave trade tells the story of what happened in the 1800s to present and future generations. Which of the following parts has a shift in the point of view? part 11 part 9 part 7 part 3

part 9 Part 9 has a shift in point of view from the third person to the second person. "You" should be replaced by "visitors."

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfish, as opposed to imported varieties, guarantees freshness. Which of the following changes should be made in the selection? part 2: The words "Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch" should be italicized part 3: "Between" should be changed to "Among" parts 4 and 5: "radio-active" should be changed to "radioactive" part 9: "American-farmed" should not have a hyphen between the words parts 4 and 5: "radio-active" should be changed to "radioactive"

parts 4 and 5: "radio-active" should be changed to "radioactive" The proper spelling is "radioactive." Putting a hyphen between the two words changes the meaning entirely.