nutrition chapter 9

In a person who is well hydrated, the urine color should be

Clear to pale yellow

hypertension affects approximately what percentage of adult Americans?

33%

Approximately what percentage of the body is composed of fluid?

50%-70%

what percentage of salt is composed of of chloride?

60%

A U.S population group that is at particularly high risk for hypertension is

African Americans

in Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system, carbonic acid in the bloodstream dissociates into hydrogen ions and

bicarbonate ions

which of the following electrolytes is negatively charged?

chloride

The movement of water from areas where solutes are less concentrated to areas where they are most concentrated is called

osmosis

in the majority of individuals with hypertension, the condition is classified as

primary

The primary reason for sweating is to

regulate body temperature

what is the function of an antidiurectic hormone (ADH)?

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water(reducing urine output)

which of the following is a common solvent in the body?

water

the AI for sodium (for adult men and women aged 19-50) is

1.5g/day

a substance, such as caffeine, that increases fluid loss via the urine is called

a diuretic

which of the following individuals would most benefit fro consuming a sports beverage?

a farm worker picking crops in the hot sun all day

which of the following is a diuretic?

alcohol

which of the following individuals is most at risk for hyperkalemia?

an individual with kidney disease.

in the renin angiotensin system, which protein is the active vasoconstrictor?

angiotensin II

which region of the brain controls fluid intake?

hypothalamus

which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?

infants and Elderly