Nutrition Test 2

The "physiological" anemia usually seen during pregnancy results from:

increase in blood volume

A deficiency of ___ causes goiter.

iodide

This trace mineral is needed for healthy function of the thyroid.

iodide

The list of trace minerals are:

iodide, soda, potassium, magnesium

The only nutrient for which young women have a greater RDA than do adult men is ___.

iron

This trace mineral is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

iron

the most abundant trace mineral in the body is:

iron

Two micronutrients of concern for young children are:

iron zink

A compound must meet all of the following criteria to be classified as a vitamin except:

it must be provided as a supplement

All of the following are true of kwashiorkor except:

it occurs primarily in children 8-10

All of the following are true of marasmus except:

it results from to much infant formula

A shot of this vitamin is given at birth to help newborns with blood clotting.

k

The major carbohydrate in milk is _____.

lactose

Provitamin A includes all of the following except:

leptin

Compared to men, women are ______ to binge drink.

less likely

Overweight and obese children are at risk of developing all of the following except:

liver thing

The list of foods with the most retinoids are:

liver, fish. eggs, fortified milk

The RDA for vitamin A for women is ___ than men.

lower

This trace mineral is neede for bone formation.

manganese

All of the following are more likely to affect low birth weight except:

maternal age between 20-35

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of calcium is:

milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese

Using this substance regularly as a laxative puts you at risk for a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.

mineral oil

An adequate intake of this vitamin may help to increase HDL cholesterol.

niacin

Pellagra is a deficiency of ___.

niacin

Protein-energy malnutrition is most likely to occur in this list of countries.

nigeria, india, iraq

An infant whose body mass index is between the 5th and 85th percentile is considered to be ___.

normal

Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit the following characteristics except:

normal birth weight

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of copper is:

pumpkin seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts

Water needs vary by all of the following except:

race

Deficiencies of this B vitamin is extremely rare and almost unheard of:

riboflavin

Beriberi is seen in countries that have diets high in ___.

rice

A vitamin D deficiency in children is called ___.

rickets

Alcoholics often have deficiencies of all of the following minerals except:

selenium

The two minerals that make up table salt are:

sodium and chloride

The plant source of protein that is considered a complete protein is:

soybeans

the list of foods with the most carotenoids are:

spinach, kale, brussels sprouts, carrots

In preparing for a healthy pregnancy, a woman should do all of the following except:

stop exercising

Acid rain contaminates this source of water the most.

surface water

Most cities get their drinking water from _____.

surface water

The soy product that is made from fermented soy beans is:

tempeh

Motor proteins are involved in all of the following roles except:

temperature regulation

The calorie needs during the first trimester of pregnancy are ___ compared to before pregnancy.

the same

The nutrients that may be lacking in the diet of a poorly planned vegetarian include all of the following except:

thiamen

Beriberi is a deficiency of ___.

thiamin

The soy product that is made from soymilk and pressed into curds is called:

tofu

. Animal proteins contain all of the essential amino acids.

true

. Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of developing breast cancer.

true

A 21-year-old individual can still be considered an adolescent. True

true

A well-planned plant-based diet will generally provide high-quality protein.

true

Adolescence is the only time following infancy when the rate of growth actually increases.

true

Adolescents are more susceptible to cavities than school-age children.

true

Adolescents at risk for protein deficiency include strict vegetarians and those trying to lose weight by restricting their food intake through extreme measures.

true

Adults absorb 95%-100% of sodium in food.

true

Alcohol intake can drop blood glucose to dangerous levels among diabetics.

true

Alcohol is an addictive substance.

true

Although the bulk of an adolescent's lateral growth occurs after the linear growth spurt, a significant portion of the two growth stages overlap.

true

Anemia in young children is often due to drinking too much milk and not eating enough foods high in iron.

true

Approximately 1 in 3 children ages 2 to 19 years are overweight or obese.

true

Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of developing breast cancer.

true

Calcium requirements during pregnancy are similar to those in the nonpregnant state.

true

Children spend more time watching television than any other single activity.

true

Compared to younger children, school-age children often skip breakfast.

true

Constipation is usually due to a diet low in fiber and not drinking enough fluids.

true

Dehydration is severe water loss.

true

Drinking water can be produced from oceans.

true

Endurance and body-building athletes require more protein than the average healthy individual does.

true

Energy needs vary with physical activity.

true

Excessive amounts of sodium and chloride are excreted in urine and perspiration.

true

Excessive amounts of vitamin E can interfere with vitamin K's role in blood clotting.

true

External factors such as diet and exercise affect weight gain more than linear growth.

true

For girls, peak growth occurs about one year before menarche.

true

High caffeine consumption has been linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.

true

In general, men require more water than women.

true

Infants who are breastfed usually do not need additional water.

true

Iron needs increase during the growth spurt.

true

Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies globally.

true

Manganese is toxic at high doses and can cause nerve damage.

true

Mineral toxicity from the diet is rare.

true

Minerals often compete with each other for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

true

Minerals remain stable in food and are not destroyed by heat, acid, oxygen, or ultraviolet light.

true

Most eating disorders occur between 13 and 17 years old.

true

Most minerals remain intact during digestion and absorption.

true

Most of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth.

true

Protein needs depend on the adolescent's rate of growth.

true

Resistance exercise (or weight training) enhances positive protein balance.

true

Small amounts of alcohol can be produced from sugar by the microorganisms in our intestines.

true

Some vitamins are more potent in their natural form than in their synthetic form.

true

Spinach is naturally high in calcium, but much of that calcium is not bioavailable.

true

Studies show that alcohol and other toxins ingested in the weeks before conception may damage sperms' genetic material.

true

Teen girls usually have little or no linear growth two years after menstruation starts.

true

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no TV before age 2.

true

The RDA for calcium for both males and females between ages 9 and 18 are the same.

true

The body's water content fluctuates during the day.

true

The main role of vitamin E is to prevent free radicals from entering cells.

true

The meal eaten at school may be the only nutritious meal for many low-income children.

true

The mere thought of food or chewing food can stimulate gastrin release in the stomach

true

The milk protein that is also known as "milk serum" is _______.

whey

Which of the following activities are the most acceptable for a healthy pregnant woman in her second trimester?

yoga, walking, stationary biking

A deficiency of this trace mineral can lead to poor sexual development in children.

zinc

This trace mineral is a part of 200 or so enzymes.

zinc

Breastfed infants of vegan mothers may need a ___ supplement.

B12

Low levels of intrinsic factor and a deficiency of this vitamin may require monthly injections.

B12

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of iron is:

Beef, chicken, pork, fortified breakfast cereals

A key component in rickets is a ___ deficiency.

D

The vitamin that is also a hormone is ___.

D

Ways to limit sodium intake in young children include all of the following except:

Rinsing frozen vegetables before heating

One way to get a young child to try a new food is to:

Serve it with something the child likes

Factors that influence childhood obesity include:

Sleep patterns, TV habits, eating habits

Name the program from the U.S. Department of Agriculture that provides training and technical assistance to food service staff.

TEAM NUTRITION

One of the best sources of iron in a young child's diet is iron-fortified whole grain cereals.

TRUE

Soy-based infant formula is lactose-free.

TRUE

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during infancy.

TRUE

All of the following are characteristics of B vitamins except:

The need for them decreases as energy expenditure increases

All of the following are cruciferous vegetables except:

carrots

All of the following are classified as vitamins except:

choline

This dietary component is a recent addition to the list of essential nutrients.

choline

A deficiency of this trace mineral may lead to impaired blood glucose and elevated blood cholesterol.

chromium

The importance of ___ in human diets has only been recognized in the past four decades.

chromium

The following beverages promote the most water excretion:

coffee, tea, alcohol

High intake of red meat is linked to this type of cancer.

colon

Foods that easily cause choking in young children include all of the following except:

cooked carrots

A deficiency of this trace mineral may result in preterm infants recovering from semistarvation on a milk-based diet.

copper

13. Excellent sources of plant proteins include all of the following except:

corn

The disease that inhibits fat absorption is called:

cystic fibrosis

A mother's protein needs during breastfeeding __________.

decrease

The advantages of breastfeeding include all of the following except:

decreased risk for childhood cancers

The alcoholic beverage with the highest calories per serving size is:

distilled spirits

Symptoms of a hangover include all of the following except:

drop in heart rate

Excessive fluid buildup and swelling in the surrounding tissues is called:

edema

The federal agency that regulates the public water system is:

environmental protection agency

The hormones needed to stimulate positive protein balance include all of the following except:

estrogen

The technical name for alcohol is:

ethanol

Breast milk is naturally high in fluoride.

false

Breast size is correlated to milk production.

false

Breastfeeding is a proven birth control method.

false

Breastfeeding is dangerous to the health of a teenage mother.

false

Cereal mixed with infant formula is needed when babies are two months old to help them gain weight.

false

Children up to age 6 are eligible to participate in the WIC program.

false

Compared to younger children, school-age children consume fewer foods away from home.

false

Concentrated liquid formula is the least expensive type of formula.

false

Cow's milk is an acceptable substitute source of nutrition for a newborn human infant.

false

Enzymes are proteins that prevent chemical reactions from occurring.

false

Health professionals recommend skim milk for children who are 1 year of age.

false

Heme iron is found primarily in plants.

false

Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births during the first month of life.

false

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat eggs.

false

Men do not influence their wives' decision to breastfeed.

false

Minerals are organic compounds.

false

Most adolescents meet dietary recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods.

false

Most nutritionists agree that it is ok to give skim milk to infants after six months.

false

Nonpregnant and nonlactating girls of 12-18 years of age need between 3,000 and 3,500 calories/day.

false

Oxytocin stimulates the synthesis of breast milk.

false

Pregnant vegetarians cannot meet their protein needs from their regular diet.

false

Pregnant women can easily meet their iron requirements from their diet.

false

Refrigerating fruits and vegetables in an air-tight container increases the spoilage process.

false

Snacks should not be given to young children.

false

Standards for bottled water safety are more rigorous than those applied to tap water.

false

Synthetic vitamins are more healthful than those naturally occuring in foods.

false

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults consume 8 cups of water daily.

false

The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in the first month of life.

false

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for infants 6-12 months of age is based on breast milk.

false

The third trimester is the most critical phase of pregnancy.

false

The water inside of cells is called extracellular fluid.

false

Toddlers and preschoolers grow at the same rate as infants.

false

Up to two alcoholic drinks a day is safe during pregnancy.

false

Vitamins are found only in plants.

false

Water intoxication is common in athletes.

false

infants with galactosemia can successfully breastfeed.

false

Miscarriages are most likely to occur during the __ trimester.

first

Girls enter puberty later than boys.

flasee

The mineral that is added to the public water system to prevent dental caries is:

flouride

All of the following are electrolytes except:

folate

A maternal deficiency of this vitamin may cause neural tube defects in the fetus.

folic acid

The vitamin that is needed to prevent neural tube defects is ___.

folic acid

This vitamin is needed for DNA synthesis.

folic acid

The phase of childhood where a child eats only one food for an extended period of time is called:

food jag

Factors affecting how long a woman decides to breastfeed include all of the following except:

gender of the baby

Compared to children, adolescents' need for calcium is _________.

greater

Anthropometric measures used for school-age children include all of the following except:

head

The federal preschool program that promotes school readiness is called:

headstart

The functions of vitamin A include all of the following except:

healthy white blood cells

Anthropometric measurements used to measure growth in young children include all of the following except:

hip measurement

The chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called ___.

hormones

Water has approximately ______ calories per serving.

0

The building blocks for protein are called:

Amino Acids

Compared to formula, breast milk is lower in ___.

B C

A 5 year old needs approximately ___ grams of fiber per day.

10

Eggs can be safely introduced to most infants by ___ months.

10

The RDA for protein is about ___ percent of total calories.

10

There are ___ nonessential amino acids.

11

For optimal nutrition, health professionals recommend that infants be breastfed for at least ___ months.

12

For optimal nutrition, infants should be breastfed for ________ months.

12

Children ages 1 and older should consume at least ____ grams of carbohydrates every day.

130

Adolescence contributes to what percentage of the adult body height?

15

Young children should be completely weaned from a bottle by ___ months.

18

The Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for water is based on this age group:

19-30

Based on body weight, an infant's energy needs are about ___ times higher than that of an adult.

2

The proportion of water inside cells is ________.

2/3s

In Africa and East Asia, about ___ percent of the protein eaten comes from animal sources.

20

A 16-year-old individual needs about ______ grams of fiber/day.

21-26

LBW babies weigh less than ___ grams at birth.

2500`

Pregnant women should be screened for gestational diabetes at about ___ weeks.

26

Weight gain during pregnancy for a normal weight woman should be about ___.

28 pounds

Adolescence can be divided into how many distinct phases?

3

As a rule of thumb, a 3 year old should be given ___ tablespoons of each food item at a meal.

3

Protein needs increase by about ___ grams during pregnancy.

30

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends an upper range for protein intake at ___ percent of calories

35

Worldwide, approximately ___ percent of protein in the diet comes from animals.

35

Young children should be limited to ___ ounces of juice daily.

4

Adolescence contributes to what percentage of the adult skeletal mass?

45

Which of the following pH would classify a substance as acidic?

5

Young children have the manual dexterity to use a knife and fork by what age?

5

Adolescence contributes to what percentage of the adult body weight?

50

There are ___ conditionally essential amino acids.

6

Alcohol provides _________ calories per gram.

7

Freshly expressed (pumped) breast milk can be safe at room temperature for about _______ hours.

7

Approximately ___ percent of protein in the American diet comes from animals.

70

The Dietary Reference Intake for water meets about _____ percent of adult daily needs.

80

A woman who exclusively breastfeeds can burn as much as ______ calories a day.

800

There are ___ essential amino acids.

9

Your body works best when its temperature is about ____ degrees.

98.6

The child who should be given a multivitamin and mineral supplement is:

A 3 year old who has been sick for a few weeks and has no appetite

The fat-soluble vitamins are:

A, D, E, K

Proteins that are altered on exposure to acid or alkaline substances, heat, or agitation are said to be ___.

Denatured

Some of the most common food allergens are: Eggs, peanuts, shrimp, s

Eggs, peanuts, shrimp, soy

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate should be used when planning meals for children 4 years and older.

FALSE

The federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water is:

FDA

Vegetarians must consume complementary proteins at the same meal to obtain all of the essential amino acids.

False

The minerals important to strengthen bones and teeth are:

Fluoride, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium

National survey data show that children's diets are:

Low in vegetables, low in fiber, high in sodium

The most severe adverse pregnancy outcomes include:

Miscarriages, stillbirth, maternal death

Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein contains this element.

Nitrogen

The group of foods that are not excellent sources of folate include all of the following except:

Orange juice, spinach, broccoli, breakfast cereals

The list of macrominerals are:

Phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium

Which of the following lists of amino acids contains all essential amino acids?

Valine, threonine, lysine, methionine

The vitamin that is made during sun exposure is ___.

Vitamin D

Fortified, ready-to-eat cereals with milk are helpful in filling gaps in the child's diet, especially for which nutrients?

Vitamin E, folate, and vitamin D

Consuming fortified foods as well as supplements may lead to excessive intakes for which nutrients?

a b

The adolescent diet typically is too high in all of the following except:

calcium

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

calcium

All of the following is true about alcohol except:

alcohol poses no health risk

The individuals who are most likely to have full-blown deficiencies of the B vitamins are:

alcoholics

. Zinc deficiency may cause:

all

20. Poorly planned vegetarian diets can pose several risk for young children including deficiencies in: a]

all

Compared to school-aged children, adolescents:

all

Creative ways to increase fruits and vegetables in a young child's diet are to:

all

Health screenings should be done on children to detect all of the following except:

all

Routine counseling for school-age children should address:

all

Ways to prevent cavities in young children include:

all

Which of these assessments is NOT likely to be done to monitor the infant's growth?

all

Factors affecting a woman's decision to breastfeed include all of the following except:

all are influential

Consuming soy proteins may help protect against heart disease because they are:

all of the above

Contaminants that may appear in drinking water include all of the following except:

all of the above

Water is lost from the body by all of the following except:

all of the above

When is the best time to drink water?

all of the above

. The purest forms of drinking water come from ______.

aquifers

Years of chronic alcohol abuse may lead to all of the following except:

blindness

All of the following cooking methods should be used to preserve the vitamin content of foods except:

boiling

A vitamin D deficiency in adults is called ___.

osteomalacia

Water is needed for all of the following functions except:

ovulation

This dietary deficiency disease is the only dietary deficiency disease ever to reach epidemic proportions in the United States.

pellagra

Examples of protein hormones include all of the following except:

pepsin

One amino acid is joined to the next by a ___ bond.

peptide

A deficiency of vitamin B-12 is called ___.

pernicious anemia

The compounds that can reduce the bioavailability of minerals are:

phytates and oxalates

___ refers to a persistent ingestion of unsuitable substances that have little or no nutritional value.

pica

The organ that transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the fetus and removes fetal wastes is the ___.

placenta

When the body is growing or recovering from an illness or injury, it needs a ___ protein balance to supply the raw materials required to build new tissues.

positive

Predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes include all of the following except:

pregnancy at age 20

The position of the World Health Organization is that infants in poor countries whose mothers have HIV/AIDS may still be breastfed since the benefits of breastfeeding may outweigh the devastation of starvation and other diseases.

true

The recommendations for fat intake are the same as those for adults.

true

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for infants up to six months of age is based on breast milk.

true

The vast majority of practitioners do not screen pregnant women they believe are at low risk for gestational diabetes.

true

Too much vitamin A during pregnancy may cause birth defects.

true

Underage drinking by those under 21 years of age is more likely to kill young people than all illegal drugs combined.

true

Vegetarians are categorized by which animal foods are restricted in the diet.

true

Water is needed for chemical reactions in the body.

true

When growth is rapid, males require more iron than menstruating females because of increase in blood volume and body mass.

true

Women who breastfeed exclusively return to their pre-pregnancy weight faster than women who bottle feed.

true

Women who work or attend school can continue to give their babies the benefits of breast milk by pumping and storing it.

true

Vegetarian diets are bulky and high in fiber so the child may not consume enough calories.

truw

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, moderate alcohol intake for men is defined as up to __________ drinks per day.

two

Total vegetarians are called:

vegan

This vitamin is synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and other lower organisms.

vitamin B12

A deficiency of this vitamin is called scurvy.

vitamin c

Alcoholics often have deficiencies of all of the following vitamins except:

vitamin c

This vitamin helps with iron absorption.

vitamin c

This vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis and wound healing.

vitamin c

A young child provided with ___ in a bottle at bedtime is less prone to nursing bottle mouth syndrome.

water

The nutrient that predominates in most food is:

water

Pregnancy-induced hypertension occurs because of ___.

weight gain, water retention